ANALYSIS OF BODY MEASUREMENT ERROR ABOUT 3D SCAN DATA FOR ELDERLY

Jinhee Park,Juwon Chung,Yu Hwa Hong,Yun Ja Nam 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Measuring body size with a 3D scanner can reduce inter-measurer variability and provide better accuracy compared to using a traditional methods of measurement (Park, Nam, & Park, 2009). Many size measurement projects (or studies) that measure body size established a size measurement method prior to the development of a 3D scanner and automatic size measurement programs that produce 3D virtual body size measurements (Park, &Nam, 2012). Size data measured through an automatic size measurement program are more accurate and have a lower variability that is more appropriate for body measurements (Han, & Nam, 2004; Nam, Choi, Jung, & Yun, 2004). However, this method is limited to healthy subjects who can maintain a correct posture in a 3D scanner. It is difficult for the elderly to maintain the correct posture for body measurements in ‘Basic Human Body Measurements for Technological Design’ of ISO 7250(1997). Body measurement definitions are based on vertical and horizontal directions consequently, it is hard to measure those with a bent body type even if they stand in a correct posture. Most body measurement items are automatically measured in vertical and horizontal directions because current automatic size measurement programs utilize algorithms based on typical body measurement definitions. The size measurement method based on a vertical and horizontal directions tends to have a problem for elderly individuals with a bent body type who have difficulty maintaining a correct posture for 3D scanning as defined in ISO 7250(1997)(Ashdown, & Na, 2008).This study analyzes the problem of present auto-measurement programs that use elderly’s 3D body scan data. We conducted a comparative analysis of elderly’s body sizes using an auto-measurement program from virtual 3D body scan data and direct measurement with traditional measurement methods. We establish 34 typical body size measurements for the use of data from 464 males and 472 females (total 936) between the ages of 70 to 85. For error analysis, data separated to normal values and outliers compared with ISO 20655(2003). ISO 20685 defines the accuracy of extracted measurements by classification and measurement type (segment lengths, body height/breaths/depth, large/small circumferences, and head/hand/foot dimensions). The majority of outliers for the male and female body height type was “height”. Total number of persons with outliers for Height’s data was 603; consequently, 64.4% of subjects (elderly group of 70-85 yrs.) could not maintain a correct posture when scanning. Other data also had many errors from inaccurate measurement postures. A total of 72.3% of males and 70% of females have incorrect values in small circumferences. The segment lengths’ error data was 76.5% of males and 75% of females; in addition, the head dimension’ outliers were 87% for both male and female subjects. Especially 57.46% of males had incorrect data, while 74.67% of females had a type of large circumference. Female chest circumference had significant errors due to sagging breasts. The differences identify with a correlation between type of large circumference (chest, hip, under bust, waist, waist of omphalion) and gender. There were several correlations between the many measurement errors because values over 70% of data have outliers; however, each measurement type has properties in regards to correlation. A substantial positive correlation was found between all measurements (except hip circumference) in the type of large circumference; in addition, one-way ANOVA indicated that the measurements influenced height and were statistically significant. Outliers found in height data for the elderly’s were more likely to have errors in the type of large circumference. The type of body height indicated a strong correlation and statistical significance between the axilla height and other measurements (height, waist, crotch, lateral malleolus). Axilla height with more outliers indicated that other type of body height measurements had a higher potential for errors. The posture for body measurement was standardized as standing erect; however, this study indicated that many measurement errors were possible between using an auto-measurement program and direct measurement. The value of outlier about a particular measurement item can expect increased errors about any group (height: large circumference group/ axilla height: body height group). We have to study the relation in measurements in these types ‘large circumference’ because ‘head dimensions’ types correlate between measurements in each group. We need a more detailed analysis about outliers to find the major factors for measurement errors in regards to the elderly as well as discuss the possibility of ISO measurement-standard’s application for the elderly.

Therapeutic effects of combination of Galla rhois extract and Sodium chlorate on Mice infected with Brucella abortus

Chun-Nam Cha, Il-Hwa Hong, Eun-Ah Yu, Eun-Kee Park, Chang-Yeol Yoo, Suk Kim, Hu Jang Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.1

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Galla rhois (GR) ethanol extract (GRE), sodium chlorate (SC), and a combination of GRE and SC on mice infected with Brucella abortus (B. abortus). Mice were infected intraperitoneally with B. abortus and then treated with GRE, SC, and a combination GRE and SC in drinking water for 14 days. Then, serum antibodies were used in a tube agglutination test (TAT), after which the weight and CFUs from each spleen were measured. In addition, histopathological changes in each liver were examined at 14 days post-infection. At 14 days post-infection, negative reactions of serum antibodies in PC (positive control), SCT (SC 1.6 g/L drinking water), GRT (GRE 200 mg/L drinking water), and GST (GRE 200 mg + SC 1.6 g/L drinking water) were 0, 40, 60, and 80%, respectively. The average spleen weight was not significantly different between the groups. At 14 days post-infection, bacterial numbers in all treated groups were significantly lower compared to to that of the PC (GRT and SCT, P<0.05; GST, P<0.001). In terms of histopathological changes in the livers, there were numerous multifocal microgranulomas in the PC, whereas this number successively decreased in the SCT, GRT, and GST groups. Conclusively, a combination of GRE and SC exhibits therapeutic effects on mice infected with B. abortus. These results suggest the potential efficacy of a mixture of GRE and SC in the treatment of brucellosis.

Development of Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence Markers for Classifying Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Cultivars Using Reference Sequencing

Ji-Nam Kang(Ji-Nam Kang),Gyeong-Hui Lee(Gyeong-Hui Lee),Jin Yu(Jin Yu),Mi-Hwa Choi(Mi-Hwa Choi),Simyung Lee(Simyung Lee) 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.2

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is grown worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions and primarily used as a spice and medicinal plant. Despite the economic importance of ginger, research on its molecular aspects is limited. Moreover, although ginger is mainly cultivated through vegetative propagation owing to poor flowering and infertility, few molecular markers have been identified to distinguish cultivars. In this research, we developed five Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers that can distinguish between the “Bongdong” ginger (Bg) cultivar, indigenous to South Korea, and the Chinese imported ginger (Cg) cultivar through reference sequencing based on the recently reported complete genome information of ginger. Furthermore, the integrated application of the five CAPS markers allow us to distinguish between Bg, Cg, and Indonesian ginger. Among them, the ClaI-based CAPS marker was identified as specific to Bg cultivars. Therefore, TaqMan real-time PCR based on ClaI-based CAPS can be widely used to distinguish between Bg and Cg cultivars. This study is the first to report the development of genome-based single-nucleotide polymorphism markers in ginger and therefore provides important information for the breeding and conservation of ginger.

RESEARCH ON WEARING CONDITIONS AND SATISFACTION FOR USER-CENTERED KOREAN FLIGHT SUIT DESIGN

Ah Lam Lee,Yu Hwa Hong,Yun Ja Nam 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

A flight suit worn by fighter pilots in the Korea Air Force is in the form of coveralls and can be donned/doffed with a slide fastener located on the center front of the body. This all-in-one styled garment encompasses the easy movement of an Air Force pilot in the cockpit (Choi, 2012) as well as protects from flames in an emergency. The standard Korean flight suit was designed based on a modulated American flight suit (Jeon, Park, You, & Kim, 2010); however, it is necessary to develop a new Korean flight suit with a Korean pilot-centered design. This study investigates wearing conditions and satisfaction of Korean flight suit wearers and provides basic data for a user-centered Korean flight suit design. Researchers visited two Korea Air Force wings and interviewed the fighter pilots. The results of the interview were derived through a questionnaire. The main topics of the questionnaire were: demographics, actual wearing conditions, size/fit, subjective perceptions of comfort on mobility, satisfaction of appearance, frequency of pocket usage, improvement requirements and fabric satisfaction. A total 439 questionnaires were collected in January 2015 and 428 used for analysis analyzed (except for 11 female responders).The average age of respondents was 29.12±4.67 years old and their mean work experience was 5.96±4.46 years. Over half of those questioned were captains(52.6%).The results of the questionnaires are summarized as follows. First, only 45.8% of respondents filled their chest size; however, most of them completed their height and weight. There were 52.8% who referred to their height (or used eye measurement)when selecting the flight suit size, even though the actual sizing system for Korean flight suits suggests a height and chest size by choice. It is necessary to offer new guidelines in which the wearer could select their size easier. Second, the summer flight suit appearance satisfaction was significantly lower(p<0.01) than winter flight suits and could infer (based on the pre-interview responses) that the air- summer suit vents might be a factor that lowered the appearance satisfaction. Third, the responders felt crotch and shoulder inconvenience during body motions; therefore, it is important to set quantitative standard of ease based upon the extension of skin surface and anthropometric properties of pilots. Forth, questions on suit fabric indicated that they were generally satisfied with protection characteristics such as anti-electrostatic qualities (3.27±0.78, 5-point Likert scale) while comfort characteristics such as thermal insulation, absorbency and elasticity indicated a relatively low satisfaction (2.39±0.794, 2.99±0.87 and 2.65±0.83 respectively, 5-point Likert scale). Therefore, fabric development is also needed to improve user satisfaction. Fifth, survey respondents had a negative opinion on changing flight sites. They preferred improvements in quality or better ease of length and width. Therefore, we have to find a way to improve flight suit function with respect to current designs rather than pursuing a dramatic change of appearance.

Residue and Dissipation Pattern of Flubendiamide and Novaluron in Cucumber during the Cultivation

Nam-Kuk Kim,Seung Hwa Lee,Yu Jeong Nam,Kyung Mi Moon,Min Ho Park,Mun Hee Yun,Mi Young Kim,Hyun Min Jang,Bong Shig Shin 한국농약과학회 2011 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

The efficacy of preoperative PET/CT for prediction of curability in surgery of locally advanced gastric cancer

Yu Hee Nam,Hoon Hur,Sung Geun Kim,Kyong Hwa Jun,Hyung Min Chin,Wook Kim,Cho Hyun Park,Seung Man Park,Sung Hoon Kim,Hae Myung Jeon 대한종양외과학회 2009 대한임상종양학회 학술대회지 Vol.2009 No.3

A case of CHARGE syndrome featuring immunodeἀciency and hypocalcemia

Yu Yun Son,Byeonghyeon Lee,Chae-Ri Suh,Hyo-Kyoung Nam,Jung Hwa Lee,Young Sook Hong,Joo Won Lee 대한의학유전학회 2015 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.12 No.1

CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear abnormalities) is characterized by multiple malformations and is diagnosed using distinct consensus criteria. Mutations in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the major cause of CHARGE syndrome. Clinical features of CHARGE syndrome considerably overlap those of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Of these features, immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia are frequently reported in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but are rarely reported in patients with CHARGE syndrome. In this report, we have described the case of a patient with typical phenotypes of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but without the proven chromosome microdeletion. Mutation analysis of CHD7 identified a pathogenic mutation (c.2238+1G>A) in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CHARGE syndrome with immunodeficiency and hypocalcemia in Korea. Our observations suggest that mutation analysis of CHD7 should be performed for patients showing the typical phenotypes of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome but lacking the proven chromosome microdeletion.

Transformation behaviour of Ti–Ni and Ti–Ni–Cu alloy ribbons with nano Ti₂Ni particles

Nam, Tae-hyun,Lee, Jae-hwa,Jung, Dae-won,Yu, Cheol-am,Liu, Yinong,Kim, Yeon-wook Elsevier 2007 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.449 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Ti–Ni and Ti–Ni–Cu alloy ribbons have been prepared by single roll melt spinning, and then martensitic transformation behaviours were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. In 51Ti–49Ni(at.%) alloy ribbons, Ti<SUB>2</SUB>Ni particles of a size less than 50nm with the coherent interface with the matrix were found, while they were not found in 50Ti–50Ni alloy ribbons. In 49Ti–46Ni–5Cu and 50Ti–45Ni–5Cu alloy ribbons, Ti<SUB>2</SUB>Ni particles of size less than 30nm with coherent interface with the matrix were found. Coherent Ti<SUB>2</SUB>Ni particles induced the R phase transformation in Ti–Ni alloys, and consequently transformation occurred in two-stages, i.e., B2–R–B19. Coherent Ti<SUB>2</SUB>Ni particles induced the B19 martensite in a Ti–45Ni–5Cu alloy, and consequently transformation occurred in two-stages, i.e., B2–B19–B19′. The change in transformation behaviour was ascribed to strain fields developed around coherent Ti<SUB>2</SUB>Ni particles.</P>

Effects of 915 MHz Radiofrequency Identification Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Neuronal Precursor Cells in the Dentate Gyrus of Adult Rat Brains

Nam Kim,Young Hwan Ahn,Hye Sun Kim,Yu Hee Lee,Yun-Sil Lee,Hyung Do Choi,Jong Hwa Kwon,Jeong-Ki Pack 한국전자파학회JEES 2015 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.15 No.3

To explore the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the fate of neuronal cells, we investigated whether exposure to 915 MHz radiofrequency identification (RFID) caused morphological changes in neuronal cells in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). A reverberation chamber was used as a whole-body RFID exposure system. Rats were assigned to two groups: sham- and RFID-exposed groups. Rats in the RFID-exposed group were exposed to RFID at 4 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) for 8 hours daily, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. Morphological evaluation of DG was performed using immunohistochemistry with doublecortin (DCX) as a neuronal precursor cell marker and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) as a mature neuronal cell marker. No significant morphological changes in DCX+ or NeuN+ cells in the DG of RFID-exposed rats were observed. These results suggest that RFID exposure induces no significant change in DCX+ neuronal precursor or NeuN+ neuronal cells in DG of rats.

Retrospective analysis of 11 cases of Korean patients with paranoplastic pemphigus

( Yu Ri Choi ),( Kyung Hwa Nam ),( Hyun Seung Wi ),( Jee Bum Lee ),( Jun Young Lee ),( Chull Wan Ihm ),( Sang Eun Lee ),( Soo Chan Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 초록집 Vol.49 No.20