AVHRR Remote Sensing of Aerosol Microphysics in Global Scale

Higurashi, Akiko,Nakajima, Teruyuki 대한원격탐사학회 1996 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.12 No.1

Satellite remote sensing of microphysical parameters of atmospheric aerosols starts drawing attention of climate community after findings of large global climate effects of aerosols (Charlson et al., 1992) and ship track trail clouds (Coakley et al., 1987). In this situation, there has been considerable effort for developing adequate remote sensing techniques of related aerosol parameters (e.g., Kaufman and Nakajima, 1993; Nakajima and Higurashi, 1996). In this paper, we study a design of retrieval scheme of microphysical parameters of aerosols from multichannel satellite imagers, such as NOAA/AVHRR, ADEOS/ OCTS and ADEOSII/GLI. In this scheme, the optical thickness and effective particle radius of aerosol can be inverted accura~ely from multi-channel analyses of radiances by an efficient look-up table algorithm (Higurashi and Nakajima, 1996; Nakajima et al., 1996) and an iterative inversion algorithm. We have applied our scheme to AVHRR radiance data to produce global map of aerosol microphysical parameters.

Looking Back over a Decade "Final Decision Call after the Accidents of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant"

Nakajima, Isao,Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

A Nationwide Study on Optical Analysis for Expecting HEOs to Support Ambulances

Nakajima, Isao,Tsuda, Kazuhide,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa,Nakajima, Atsushi Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.2

This paper deals with actual optical data from rural as well as urban areas in a nationwide study captured with Fisheye cameras. Simultaneously data was collected (of the receiving power density) from the mobile communications satellite N-STAR. The visibility of the satellite is easily determined by checking the value of the pixels in the binarized fisheye image of its position. The process of determining the visible satellite is automatically performed. Based on the analyses of the field data measured in Japan, we are expecting HEOs (Highly inclined Elliptical Orbiters) that would reduce blockage in the extreme northern region of Wakkanai City well as in the most crowded urban area, in Tokyo Ginza. In case of HEOs operation, the elevation angle will improve from 37 with N-STAR GEO to 75 degrees. HEOs could replace 5G/Ka-band or support in rural areas where broadband circuit is not available. We are proposing combination operations with HEOs and 5G/Ka-band to solve blockage problems, because HEOs can keep line-of-sight propagation with high elevation angle for long duration. In such operations, the communications profile on the vehicle based on actual optical data will be very useful to predict blockages and to select/switch a suitable circuit.

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

HYDROPLANING ANALYSIS BY FEM AND FVM - EFFECT OF TIRE ROLLING AND TIRE PATTERN ON HYDROPLANING

Nakajima, Y.,Seta, E.,Kamegawa, T.,Ogawa, H. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2000 International journal of automotive technology Vol.1 No.1

The new numerical procedure for hydroplaning has been developed by considering the following three important factors; fluid/structure interaction, tire rolling, and practical tread pattern. The tire was analyzed by FEM with Lagrangian formulation and the fluid is analyzed by FVM with Eulerian formulation. Since the tire and the fluid are modeled separately and their coupling is automatically computed by the coupling element, the fluid/structure interaction of the complex geometry such as the tire with the tread pattern can be analyzed practically. We verified the predictability of the hydroplaning simulation in the different parameters such as the water flow, the velocity dependence of hydroplaning, and the effect of the tread pattern on hydroplaning. In order to predict the streamline in the contact patch, the procedure of the global-local analysis was developed. Since the streamline could be predicted by this technology, we could develop the new pattern in a short period based on the principle; "make the stream line smooth".

JAPANESE EDUCATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

NAKAJIMA, HIROSHI EAST WEST EDUCATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE EWHA WOMANS 1986 East west education Vol.7 No.1

Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Extracts and Small Phenolic Compounds from Chaga [Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat]

Nakajima, Yuki,Nishida, Hiroshi,Matsugo, Seiichi,Konishi, Tetsuya The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

Previously, we studied the antioxidant potential of Chaga mushroom [Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat] extracts and isolated several small (poly)phenolic compounds as the major antioxidant components in the 80% methanol (MeOH) extract. In the present study, these isolated phenolic ingredients together with several other types of Chaga extracts were examined for cytotoxic effects against normal (IMR90) and cancer (A549, PA-1, U937, and HL-60) cell lines. Results revealed decoctions from both the fruiting body (FB) and sclerotium (ST) parts of Chaga, especially the ST part, showed considerable cytotoxicity toward tumor cells, but the cytotoxicity appeared to be stronger against normal cells than cancer cells. The 80% MeOH ST extract also showed the same trend. On the other hand, the 80% MeOH extract of FB showed significant cytotoxicity towards tumor cell lines without affecting normal cells, for example, the 50% lethal dose was $49.4\;{\pm}\;2.9\;{\mu}g/mL$ for PA-1 cells versus $123.6\;{\pm}\;13.8\;{\mu}g/mL$ for normal cells. The phenolic components isolated from the 80% MeOH extracts had markedly greater cancer cell toxicity than the extracts themselves. In particular, two out of seven compounds showed strong cytotoxicity towards several tumor cell lines without giving rise to significant cell toxicity toward normal cells. For example, the 50% lethal dose for 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone was $12.2\;{\mu}mmol/L$ in PA-1 cells but was $272.8\;{\mu}mmol/L$ in IMR90 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis further revealed these phenolic ingredients have high potentiality for apoptosis induction in PA-1 cells.

韓国人日本語学習者における誘導副詞の文法的理解と誤用の一因

Nakajima Shinobu(中島忍) 일본어문학회 2017 일본어문학 Vol.77 No.-

本稿では、韓国人日本語学習者が「かならず」「きっと」「ぜひ」「たしか」 「たしかに」の5つの誘導副詞の文法的理解をどのようにしているかを明らかにするため、談話穴埋めテストを行い、分析した。その結果、次の4点が明らかになった。①韓国人日本語学習者の誘導副詞の選択傾向は、上位群ㆍ下位群ともに、日本語母語話者と変わらない。②韓国人日本語学習者は、5つの誘導副詞のいずれも、日本語のレベルが上がるにつれ文法的理解も進む。③韓国人日本語学習者は上級になっても「きっと」「たしか」「たしかに」の文法的理解がされてない。④韓国人日本語学習者の「かならず」の文法的理解は日本語レベルが上級でなくとも容易であり、「ぜひ」は上級になれば理解が大きく進む。以上の結果をふまえ、日本語の教科書と文法概説書を調査し、5つの誘導副詞がどのように扱われているかを調査した。その結果、韓国で発刊されている日本語教科書に副詞がほとんど取り上げられていないこと、文法概説書にも教室での指導に有益な記述がされていないことがわかった。これらのことから本稿では、今後の日本語教育では副詞の明示的な導入が必要であることを提案する。 In this paper, in order to clarify how the Korean learners of Japanese understand grammatical aspects of the five adverbs kanarazu, kitto, zehi, tashika, and tashikani, the discourse filling test was conducted, and the result was analyzed. Our main findings are summarised as follows: 1) The learners’ selection tendency of guiding adverbs is the same as that found in Japanese native speakers in both the upper group and the lower group. 2) Korean learners of Japanese advance grammatical understanding as the level of Japanese rises in any of the five adverbs. 3)Even if Korean learners of Japanese become advanced speakers, their grammatical understanding of kitto, tashika, and tashikani is not completed. 4) The grammatical understanding of kanarazu by Korean learners of Japanese is easy even if they are not advanced speakers. Further, zehi will become easier to understand if their proficiency level reaches the advanced one. Based on these results, I examined Japanese textbooks and grammatical outlines, and investigated how the five adverbs are treated in these teaching materials. As a result, it was found that most adverbs were not taken up in Japanese textbooks, and that grammatical overviews also did not have useful descriptions in classroom instructions. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose that the explicit introduction of adverbs is necessary for future Japanese language education.

THALLIUM-201 PER-RECTAL SCINTIGRAPHY FOR EVALUATING PORTAL CIRCULATION AFTER TREATMENT

Nakajima, Kenichi,Tonami, Norihisa,Watanabe, Naoto,Yokoyama, Kunihiko,Seto, Mikito,Seki, Hiroyasu,Takayama, Teruhiko,Koizumi, Kiyoshi,Kanai, Kinichi Hisada Masanobu,Hinoue, Yoshinobu,Kobayashi, Yashir 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.1

Performance of an Onboard Processor for Mobile Satellite Communications Using Engineering Test Satellite VIII

Nakajima, Katsuji,Yoshimoto, Shigetoshi,Kawakami, Yoichi,Hashimoto, Yukio,Takeda, Osamu,Tuchihashi, Yasue,Uno, Seiichi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2000 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2000 No.-

An Onboard Processor (OBP) that can perform base-band circuit switching has been designed for in-orbit mobile satellite communications experiments using Japanese Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII). The Onboard Processor can exchange both 5.6 kbps voice and 32 kbps data using the MC-TDMA access method and can provide about 1,000 channels with digital signal processing techniques.