Wireless networks based on information exchange between ants

Isao Nakajima,Shinichi Hama 대한전자공학회 1998 대한전자공학회 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

Study on New Ku-band Data Collection Satellite to Track Avian Influenza

Isao NAKAJIMA,Hiroshi JUZOJI,Toshihiko KITANO,Masaaki KATAYAMA 한국멀티미디어학회 2011 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

This paper intends to point out some problem of telemetry for wild birds and future technical expectations to prevent Avian Influenza. For medium to large migratory birds, the data collection system aboard the NOAA meteorological satellites (the ARGOS system) has been able to map their migratory routes. However, recommended C/No for Doppler shift ill be 54㏈㎐, while calculated required C/No for 400 bps data uplink is 36㏈㎐. The gap between navigation function and data communication will be almost 18 ㏈. The bird has to pay this overload. We would like to propose the next generation digital transponder that is an advanced DCS with multi beam on Ku-band to perform the onboard processing (DCS and navigation system with Doppler shift). In case of 40㏈i antenna of the spacecraft, the ground terminal with 0㏈m RF-output and 2.25㏈i antenna (0.5㎝ in size) can transmit upto 50 bps with BPSK. This terminal attached with a leg of a bird will be suitable for a dove or a gull in size.

A study on Simulation of Ant Topology - apply biologically inspired dynamic formation to telecommunication network

Isao Nakajima,Hiroshi Juzoji 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2007 No.-

A simulation of the animal and the insect (Metaheuristics) is a set of concepts that can be used to define heuristic methods that can be applied to a wide set of different problems. In other words, Metaheuristics can be seen as a general algorithmic framework which can be applied to different optimization problems with relatively few modifications to make them adapted to a specific problem. We apply the ant's Metaheuristics for Search and Rescue System with ETS-Ⅷ satellite.

A Study on an Optical Analysis for Propagation Simulation to transmit Real-time Video via Mobile Communications Satellite Aiming to Support Telemedicine en Rout

Isao NAKAJIMA,Hiroshi JUZOJI,Muhammad Athar SADIQ,Naokazu HAMAMOTO,Shinichi TAIRA 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-

This paper deals with actual optical data in the urban and sub-urban area of Japan that captured with Fisheye camera and 6 Hi-vision cameras, simultaneously data of the receiving power density from the mobile communications satellite on Ku-band. We have analyzed the both data, and its models to predict propagation for the broadband communication of the land mobile satellite service(LMSS). We are aiming to create such profile database based on actual optical data to detect a line-of-sight propagation (Nakagami-Rician fading) and to transmit huge data to support telemedicine on ambulance.

System for Monitoring Avian Cardiac Output and Breathing Patterns Using Transmission-Type Microwaves

Isao Nakajima,Ichiro Kuwahira,Jun-ichi Hata 한국멀티미디어학회 2022 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.9 No.4

We report the development of a non-contact monitoring device for avian cardiac output and breathing patterns based on the anterior thoracic air sac pressure that uses transmission-type microwaves (2,400−2,500 MHz, continuous wave). Since the phase waveform represents the dielectric constant change, the phase reflects −j/ωc and the dielectric constant change is related to blood flow. The magnitude waveform is reflected from the electronic resistance of tissues due to the expansion of the anterior thoracic air sac, which mainly consists of the thoracic wall. To confirm these waveforms, pigeons and chickens were used for testing. To validate the output waveforms of the developed transmission- type microwave device, data from esophageal catheters and pressure sensors in the anterior thoracic air sac, abdominal air sac, and intraoral cavity were obtained. The waveform for the esophageal catheter, where electrocardiogram electrodes and an angular velocity sensor were installed, correlates with cardiac output. A heart sound microphone was used to confirm the closing sound of the arterial and mitral valves. The experimental results confirm that a linear waveform synchronized with the cardiac blood flow and the anterior thoracic air sac pressure of birds was obtained using transmission-type microwaves. The proposed device, which can monitor cardiac output and respiratory patterns, may enable the early screening of cytokine storms caused by avian influenza viruses. Existing devices use Doppler radar in the 10 to 77 GHz band; these high frequencies are reflected by the chest wall and do not reach deep into body, making it impossible to monitor the blood flow inside the body.

Creation of 3D Maps for Satellite Communications to Support Ambulatory Rescue Operations

Nakajima, Isao,Nawaz, Muhammad Naeem,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.1

A communications profile is a system that acquires information from communication links to an ambulance or other vehicle moving on a road and compiles a database based on this information. The equipment (six sets of HDTVs, fish-eye camera, satellite antenna with tracking system, and receiving power from the satellite beacon of the N-star) mounted on the roof of the vehicle, image data were obtained at Yokohama Japan. From these data, the polygon of the building was actually produced and has arranged on the map of the Geographical Survey Institute of a 50 m-mesh. The optical study (relationship between visibility rate and elevation angle) were performed on actual data taken by fish-eye lens, and simulated data by 3D-Map with polygons. There was no big difference. This 3D map system then predicts the communication links that will be available at a given location. For line-of-sight communication, optical analysis allows approximation if the frequency is sufficiently high. For non-line-of-sight communication, previously obtained electric power data can be used as reference information for approximation in certain cases when combined with predicted values calculated based on a 3D map. 3D maps are more effective than 2D maps for landing emergency medical helicopters on public roadways in the event of a disaster. Using advanced imaging technologies, we have produced a semi-automatic creation of a high-precision 3D map at Yokohama Yamashita Park and vicinity and assessed its effectiveness on telecommunications and ambulatory merits.

Technical Evaluation of Engineering Model of Ultra Small Transmitter Mounted on Sweetpotato Hornworm

Isao Nakajima,Yoshiya Muraki,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Hiroshi Juzoji,Yukako Yagi 한국멀티미디어학회 2022 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.9 No.2

The authors are making a prototype flexible board of a radio-frequency transmitter for measuring an electromyogram (EMG) of a flying moth and plan to apply for an experimental station license from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan in the summer of 2022. The goal is to create a continuous low-dose exposure standard that incorporates scientific and physiological functional assessments to replace the current standard based on lethal dose 50. This paper describes the technical evaluation of the hardware. The signal of a bipolar EMG electrode is amplified by an operational amplifier. This potential is added to a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (27 MHz, bandwidth: 4 kHz), frequency-converted, and transmitted from an antenna about 10 cm long (diameter: 0.03 mm). The power source is a 1.55-V wristwatch battery that has a total weight of about 0.3 g (one dry battery and analog circuit) and an expected operating time of 20 minutes. The output power is −7 dBm and the effective isotropic radiated power is −40 dBm. The signal is received by a dual-whip antenna (2.15 dBi) at a distance of about 100 m from the moth. The link margin of the communication circuit is above 30 dB within 100 m. The concepts of this hardware and the measurement data are presented in this paper. This will be the first biological data transmission from a moth with an official license. In future, this telemetry system will improve the detection of physiological abnormalities of moths.

Looking Back over a Decade "Final Decision Call after the Accidents of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant"

Nakajima, Isao,Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

Basic Physiological Research on the Wing Flapping of the Sweet Potato Hawkmoth Using Multimedia

Nakajima, Isao,Yagi, Yukako Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

We have developed a device for recording biological data by inserting three electrodes and a needle with an angular velocity sensor into the moth for the purpose of measuring the electromyogram of the flapping and the corresponding lift force. With this measurement, it is possible to evaluate the moth-physiological function of moths, and the amount of pesticides that insects are exposed to (currently LD50-based standards), especially the amount of chronic low-concentration exposure, can be reduced the dose. We measured and recorded 2-channel electromyography (EMG) and angular velocity corresponding to pitch angle (pitch-like angle) associated with wing flapping for 100 sweet potato hawkmoths (50 females and 50 males) with the animals suspended and constrained in air. Overall, the angular velocity and amplitude of EMG signals demonstrated high correlation, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.792. In contrast, the results of analysis performed on the peak-to-peak (PP) EMG intervals, which correspond to the RR intervals of ECG signals, indicated a correlation between ΔF fluctuation and angular velocity of R = 0.379. Thus, the accuracy of the regression curve was relatively poor. Using a DC amplification circuit without capacitive coupling as the EMG amplification circuit, we confirmed that the baseline changes at the gear change point of wing flapping. The following formula gives the lift provided by the wing: angular velocity × thoracic weight - air resistance - (eddy resistance due to turbulence). In future studies, we plan to attach a micro radio transmitter to the moths to gather data on potential energy, kinetic energy, and displacement during free flight for analysis. Such physiological functional evaluations of moths may alleviate damage to insect health due to repeated exposure to multiple agrochemicals and may lead to significant changes in the toxicity standards, which are currently based on LD50 values.