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Bukke, Ravindra Naik,Avis, Christophe,Naik, Mude Narendra,Jang, Jin IEEE 2018 IEEE electron device letters Vol.39 No.3
<P>We report the effect of purification of ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> precursor on the performance of solution processed amorphous indium–zinc–tin oxide thin-film transistors with a ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> gate insulator, which is processed at the maximum temperature of 300 °C in air. By purification, the saturation mobility ( <TEX>$\mu _{\textit {sat}}$</TEX>) increases from 2.45 ± 0.83 to 15.42 ± 4.01 cm<SUP>2</SUP>V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>, subthreshold swing decreases from 141.44 ± 14.08 to 87.90 ± 11.05 mV/decade and drain current ON/OFF ratio increases from ~10<SUP>7</SUP> to ~10<SUP>9</SUP>. The leakage currents are remarkably reduced by using purified ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> as a gate insulator. The improvement is mainly due to the reduced impurities and less oxygen vacancies in ZrO<SUB>x</SUB>.</P>
Estimation of Ground and Excited State Dipole Moments of Coumarin 450 by Solvatochromic Shift Method
Naik, L.R.,Math, N.N. Korean Society of Photoscience 2005 Journal of Photosciences Vol.12 No.2
The ground and excited state dipole moments of Coumarin 450 (C 450) laser dye were measured at room temperature in several solvents of varying dipole moments. The ground state dipole moment (${\mu}_g$) is estimated by using the modified Onsagar model and the excited state dipole moments (${\mu}_e$) were estimated by the method of solvatochromism as well as by utilizing the microscopic solvent polarity parameter ($E^N_T$). Further, the deviation of some of the points from the linearity of the $E^N_T$ versus Stokes shift indicates the existence of specific type of solute-solvent interaction. The excited state dipole moment of C 450 were found to be higher than those of the ground state and is interpreted in terms of the resonance structure of the molecule. A reasonable agreement has been observed between the values obtained by the method of solvatochromism and modified Onsagar model. It is observed that, corresponding to cyclohexane solution, the fluorescence maxima shift towards the red region with increasing the polarity of the solvents, hence the transition involved are of ${\pi}-{\pi}^*$ type.
Independent isomeric-yield ratio of 89m,gNb from 93Nb(γ, 4n), natZr(p, xn), and 89Y(α, 4n) reactions
Naik, Haladhara,Goswami, Ashok,Kim, Guinyun,Kim, Kwangsoo,Yang, Sung-Chul,Sahid, Muhammad,Zaman, Muhammad,Lee, Manwoo,Shin, Sung-Gyun,Cho, Moo-Hyun Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry Vol.299 No.3
Naik, Ravi,Obiang-Obounou, Brice W,Kim, Minkyoung,Choi, Yongseok,Lee, Hyun Sun,Lee, Kyeong Wiley-VCH 2014 CHEMMEDCHEM Vol.9 No.11
<P>Metabolic diseases such as atherogenic dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, obesity, and type II diabetes are emerging as major global health problems. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is responsible for catalyzing the final reaction in the glycerol phosphate pathway of triglycerol synthesis. It has two isoforms, DGAT-1 and DGAT-2, which are widely expressed and present in white adipose tissue. DGAT-1 is most highly expressed in the small intestine, whereas DGAT-2 is primarily expressed in the liver. Therefore, the selective inhibition of DGAT-1 has become an attractive target with growing potential for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes. Furthermore, DGAT-2 has been suggested as a new target for the treatment of DGAT-2-related liver diseases including hepatic steatosis, hepatic injury, and fibrosis. In view the discovery of drugs that target DGAT, herein we attempt to provide insight into the scope and further reasons for optimization of DGAT inhibitors.</P>
An Investigation of the Learning Styles of South Korean Business Students
Naik, Bijayananda,Girish, V.G. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.3 No.1
The Index of Learning Styles (ILS) instrument based on the Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model was used to determine distribution of learning styles of 125 South Korean business students enrolled in a South Korean institution of higher education. Results show that greater proportion of South Korean business students surveyed in this study prefer sensing over intuitive, visual over verbal, reflective over active, and global over sequential learning styles. The majority of business students have a balanced learning style in all four dimensions of the Felder-Silverman model. Among the students that do not have a balanced learning style, students with sensing, visual, reflective, and global learning styles dominate. Gender difference in learning style preference was not statistically significant for any of the four dimensions.
Naik, S. Sankar,Rajagopal Reddy, V.,Choi, Chel‐,Jong,Bae, Jong‐,Seong John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2012 Surface and interface analysis Vol.44 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Palladium/Vanadium (Pd/V) Schottky structures are fabricated on <I>n</I>‐type InP (100) and the electrical, structural and surface morphological characteristics have been studied at different annealing temperatures. The extracted barrier height of as‐deposited Pd/V/<I>n</I>‐InP Schottky diode is 0.59 eV (I–V) and 0.79 eV (C–V), respectively. However, the Schottky barrier height of the Pd/V Schottky contact slightly increases to 0.61 eV (I–V) and 0.84 eV (C–V) when the contact is annealed at 200 °C for 1 min. It is observed that the Schottky barrier height of the contact slightly decreases after annealing at 300, 400 and 500 °C for 1 min in N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. From the above observations, it is clear that the electrical characteristics of Pd/V Schottky contacts improve after annealing at 200 °C. This indicates that the optimum annealing temperature for the Pd/V Schottky contact is 200 °C. Basing on the auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results, the formation of Pd‐In intermetallic compound at the interface may be the reason for the increase of barrier height upon annealing at 200 °C. The formation of phosphide phases at the Pd/V/<I>n</I>‐InP interface could be the reason for the degradation in the barrier heights after annealing at 300, 400 and 500 °C. From the AFM results, it is evident that the overall surface morphology of the Pd/V Schottky contacts is fairly smooth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Naik, Ravi,Won, Misun,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Xia, Yan,Choi, Hyun Kyung,Jin, Guanghai,Jung, Youngjin,Kim, Hwan Mook,Lee, Kyeong American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.55 No.23
<P>A series of (<I>E</I>)-phenoxyacrylic amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α inhibitors. The present structure–activity relationship study on this series identified the morpholinoethyl containing ester <B>4p</B> as a potent inhibitor of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 0.12 μM in a cell-based HRE reporter assay) in HCT116 cells. The representative compound <B>4p</B> suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation and targeted gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of HIF-1α inhibition by <B>4p</B> was further demonstrated by its inhibitory activity on in vitro tube formation and migration of cells, which may be valuable for development of novel therapeutics for cancer and tumor angiogenesis.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2012/jmcmar.2012.55.issue-23/jm301419d/production/images/medium/jm-2012-01419d_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm301419d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>