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Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris with swine wastewater and potential for algal biodiesel production
Nam, K.,Lee, H.,Heo, S. W.,Chang, Y. K.,Han, J. I. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of applied phycology Vol.29 No.3
<P>In this study, an alga-based simultaneous process of treating swine wastewater (SWW) and producing biodiesel was explored. Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX-265) was employed as a model species, and a SWW-based medium was prepared by dilution with tap water. Chlorella vulgaris grew well in the SWW-based medium, and at optimum dilution ratios, it exceeded the conventional culture medium in terms of biomass concentration and productivity. In eightfold diluted SWW, which supported the maximum growth, biomass productivity was 0.247 g L-1 day(-1), while the productivity was merely 0.165 g L-1 day(-1) in standard tris-acetate-phosphorous (TAP) algal medium. In addition, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) productivity was greater in the SWW-based medium (0.067 versus 0.058 g L-1 day(-1)). This enhanced productivity resulted in more than 95 % removal of both nitrogen and phosphorous. All these show that C. vulgaris cultivation is indeed possible in a nutrient-rich wastewater with appropriate dilution, and in so doing, the wastewater can effectively be treated.</P>
Solubility of oxcarbazepine in eight solvents within the temperature range T=(288.15-308.15)K
Nam, K.,Ha, E.S.,Kim, J.S.,Kuk, D.H.,Ha, D.H.,Kim, M.S.,Cho, C.W.,Hwang, S.J. Academic Press 2017 The Journal of chemical thermodynamics Vol.104 No.-
In this study, the solubility of oxcarbazepine in pure methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran was analysed across the temperature range of 288.15-308.15K under atmospheric pressure by using a solid-liquid equilibrium method. The experimental values obtained data were correlated using the modified Apelblat model at each temperature. The mole fraction solubility of oxcarbazepine in all eight pure solvents increased gradually in a temperature-dependent manner. The highest mole fraction solubility of 3.08x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K was observed for tetrahydrofuran, followed by acetone (1.82x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), acetonitrile (1.22x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), methanol (1.11x10<SUP>-3</SUP> at 308.15K), ethanol (6.17x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), 1-butanol (6.17x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), 1-propanol (6.16x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K), and 2-propanol (4.13x10<SUP>-4</SUP> at 308.15K). The experimental solubility in all solvents correlated well with that calculated using the modified Apelblat equation across the temperature range of (288.15-308.15)K. Therefore, the experimental solubility and correlation equations established in this study could be useful during the crystallization/purification, pre-formulation, and formulation stages of oxcarbazepine production in laboratories and related industries.
Morphology and Gas-Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide Foams with Dual Pore Structure
Nam, K.,Kim, H. G.,Choi, H.,Park, H.,Kang, J. S.,Sung, Y. E.,Lee, H. C.,Choe, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of electronic materials Vol.46 No.6
<P>Tin oxide is a commonly used gas-sensing material, which can be applied as an n- or p-type gas sensor. To improve the gas-sensing performance of tin oxide, we successfully synthesized tin oxide foam via an ice-templating or freeze-casting method. The tin oxide foam samples showed different morphological features depending on the major processing parameters, which include sintering temperature, sintering time, and the amount of added powder. Based on scanning electron microscopy images, we could identify dual pore structure of tin oxide foam containing 'wall' pores ranging from 5.3 mu m to 10.7 mu m, as well as smaller secondary pores (a few micrometers in size) on the wall surfaces. Gas-sensing performance tests for the synthesized tin oxide foams reveal a sensitivity of 13.1, a response time of 192 s, and a recovery time of 160 s at an ethanol gas concentration of 60 ppm at 300A degrees C. This is a remarkable result given that it showed p-type semiconductor behavior and was used without the addition of any catalyst.</P>
Nam, K.,Haitjema, C.,Liu, X.,Ding, F.,Wang, H.,DeLisa, Matthew P.,Ke, A. Current Biology 2012 Structure Vol.20 No.9
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), together with an operon of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, form an RNA-based prokaryotic immune system against exogenous genetic elements. Cas5 family proteins are found in several type I CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we report the molecular function of subtype I-C/Dvulg Cas5d from Bacillus halodurans. We show that Cas5d cleaves pre-crRNA into unit length by recognizing both the hairpin structure and the 3' single stranded sequence in the CRISPR repeat region. Cas5d structure reveals a ferredoxin domain-based architecture and a catalytic triad formed by Y46, K116, and H117 residues. We further show that after pre-crRNA processing, Cas5d assembles with crRNA, Csd1, and Csd2 proteins to form a multi-sub-unit interference complex similar to Escherichia coli Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense) in architecture. Our results suggest that formation of a crRNA-presenting Cascade-like complex is likely a common theme among type I CRISPR subtypes.
Final design and mock-up of an ITER sector sub-assembly tool
Nam, K.,Ha, M.S.,Bae, J.,Kwon, S.P.,Moon, J.,Park, J.,Noh, J.,Park, C. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fusion engineering and design Vol.109 No.1
The assembly and installation tools for the ITER Tokamak machine are special tools which are used to assemble and install ITER Tokamak machine components such as magnets, vessels and thermal shields. The sector sub-assembly tool, requiring six adjustable motions capable of movements in three directions and three-axis rotations for fine and precise alignments of the components of these tools, is a major and very large assembly tool with which to assemble vacuum vessels, thermal shields and two toroidal field coils in a 40<SUP>o</SUP> sector that forms the basic unit for the ITER Tokamak machine. To complete the 40<SUP>o</SUP> sector, the tool must maintain a sufficient degree of stiffness to support and handle heavy components which weigh up to 1200tonnes. To meet the tooling requirements, the feasibility of the alignment system with regard to component adjustments in the sector sub-assembly tool was reviewed and verified in a mock-up test. In addition, a structural analysis using ANSYS to verify the structural stability levels under various analysis conditions was also carried out considering the safety factors and seismic load conditions according to the load specifications and codes. The sector sub-assembly sequence and the final design considering the results of the mock-up test and the structural analysis are presented.
Duplicated axillary arch muscles arising from the latissimus dorsi
Sitthichai Iamsaard,Nongnut Uabundit,Kimaporn Khamanarong,Kittisak Sripanidkulchai,Kowit Chaiciwamongkol,Malivalaya Namking,Somsiri Ratanasuwan,Porntip Boonruangsri,Wiphawi Hipkaeo 대한해부학회 2012 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.45 No.4
Many origins and insertions of an axillary muscular slip (also known as Langer’s or axillary arch muscles) have been documented previously. In this report, we found duplicated axillary arch muscles (two variant muscular slips) originating from the inferolateral border of the right side latissimus dorsi muscle. Obviously, these axillary arch muscles can be distinguished as short and long muscular strips. While the origin was the same, the short muscular slip inserts into the fascia covering on the pectoralis minor, whereas the longer one inserts on/into the aponeurosis of pectoralis major. For the surgery in the axillary region, this rare variation should be considered a cause of surgical interventions.