http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Na, B.I.,Chang, S.J.,Lee, K.H.,Lee, G.,Lee, J.W. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.93 No.-
<P>The chemical and ultrastructural properties of cell walls were investigated to determine the effect of dilute acid pretreatment on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to gain a clear understanding of how dilute acid pretreatments destroy lignocellulosic cell walls. Total fermentable sugar (glucose and xylose) was high in oxalic acid hydrolysate (26.18 g/L) compared to that in sulfuric acid hydrolysate (24.34 g/L). Chemical composition of the pretreated biomass differed slightly according to the acid catalyst used. Oxalic acid pretreatment was effective for enzymatic hydrolysis, with 29.46 g/L of total fermentable sugar after 96 h. Optical microscopy showed that dilute acid pretreatment significantly changed cell wall structure, and broken and crushed cell walls could be clearly seen during pretreatment. Based on confocal Raman peak intensity, the ratio of lignin/cellulose [I(1600)/I(900)] was low for oxalic acid-pretreated biomass compared to sulfuric acid-pretreated biomass. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Sofi, Gulam Nabi,Sofi, Junaid Nabi,Nadeem, Raja,Shiekh, Rayees Yousuf,Khan, Faroze Ahmad,Sofi, Abid Ahmad,Bhat, Hillal Ahmad,Bhat, Rayees Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in Kashmir. This study was conducted with the objective of assessing hormone receptor positivity and its correlation with age at diagnosis, tumor size, histological grade and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: 132 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, were included after excluding biopsies, in-situ lesions and recurrence cases. Results: Mean age of the patients was 48.2 years, 59.1% being ${\leq}50$ years of age. Mean duration of symptoms was 6.32 months. Most lesions (65.1%) were 2-5 cm and 16.7% were ${\geq}5.0$ cm in greatest dimension. The predominant (80.3%) morphology was IDC-NOS. The majority of the cases presented as grade II (52.1%) lesions and lymph node involvement was present in 65.2%. ER and PR were positive in 66.3% and 63.4% cases, respectively, increasing with rising age. High grade lesions and larger size tumors were more likely to be ER and PR negative. No correlation was found between ER/PR status and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: ER and PR expression in breast cancers in the current study was found to be higher than studies done in India/Asia but lower than studies conducted in the West, even on Indian/Asian immigrants. Markedly lower receptor expression in Indian/Asian studies is likely due to preanalytic variables, thresholds for positivity, and interpretation criteria. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Immunohistochemical Testing of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer are strongly advocated for standardization of receptor evaluation and for clinical management of breast cancer patients to provide best therapeutic options.
Estimation of Surgical Needle Insertion Force Using Kalman Filter
Syed Riaz un Nabi Jafri,Ali Jamshaid,Syed Minhaj un Nabi Jafri,Jamshed Iqbal 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.2
This paper presents a novel low-cost technique to measure the insertion force of a surgical needle on a testing surface to check needle strength. A combination of a load cell with a current sensor for a linear DC motor has been used to estimate the insertion force based on Kalman Filter (KF). The custom-designed and in-house fabricated system to estimate the insertion force comprises of the motor coupled with a vertically articulated arm. The needle to be tested is mounted at the end of the arm. Movement of the arm has been controlled electronically to produce the insertion force by the needle to a testing surface. The sensory measurement data generated during this process has been collected using Arduino based embedded electronic hardware. The KF based proposed strategy has been validated using the developed system by conducting various tests with diferent needles. Results in the form of penetration force and friction force have been experimentally observed and are then compared with standard force meters. Comparative analysis witnesses efciency of the proposed approach.
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Dysfunctions in Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Nabi, A.H.M. Nurun,Islam, Laila N.,Rahman, Mohanmmad Mahfuzur,Biswas, Kazal Boron Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.6
Since conflicting results have been reported on non-specific immune response in type 1 diabetes, this study evaluates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions in the infection free Long Evan diabetic rats (type 1) by using tests that include: polarization assay, phagocytosis of baker's yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction. Polarization assay showed that neutrophils from diabetic rats were significantly activated at the basal level compared to those from the controls (p < 0.001). After PMN activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), control neutrophils were found to be more polarized than those of the diabetic neutrophils and the highest proportions of polarization were found to be 67% and 57% at $10^{-7}\;M$ FMLP, respectively. In the resting state, neutrophils from the diabetic rats reduced significantly more NBT dye than that of the controls (p < 0.001). The percentages of phagocytosis of opsonized yeast cells by the neutrophils from control and diabetic rats were 87% and 61%, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Evaluation of the phagocytic efficiency of PMNs revealed that control neutrophils could phagocytose $381{\pm}17$ whereas those from the diabetic rats phagocytosed $282{\pm}16$ yeast cells, and the efficiency of phagocytosis varied significantly (p < 0.001). Further, both the percentages of phagocytosis and the efficiency of phagocytosis by the diabetic neutrophils were inversely related with the levels of their corresponding plasma glucose (p = 0.02; r = -0.498 and p < 0.05; r = -0.43, respectively), which indicated that increased plasma glucose reduced the phagocytic ability of neutrophils. Such relationship was not observed with the control neutrophils. These data clearly indicate that PMN functions are altered in the streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats, and hyperglycemia may be the cause for the impairment of their functions leading to many infectious episodes.
Nabi Ahmadi,Ali Nayebi 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.7
Yield surface distortion and its center movement were employed in a unified viscoplastic model to predict the ratcheting behavior ofthe 304 stainless steel. A combination of the Ohno-Wang model and the yield surface distortion model of Baltov and Sawczuk was usedin uniaxial loading. Stress amplitude and the mean stress were varied in the tests to verify the model. Uniaxial loadings were simulatedwith and without consideration of yield surface distortion. Results from both simulations were compared. Yield surface distortion showeda significant effect on the simulation of the ratcheting responses.
Nabi Ahsani,Mohammad Kaboli,Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani,Mahmood Karami,Barzan Bahrami Kamangar 국립중앙과학관 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.11 No.2
Salamandra infraimmaculata is a member of family Salamandridae that is distributed in Iran, Turkey, and Lebanon. We surveyed habitat suitability predictions for the species in Kurdistan province, Western Iran. Distribution prediction showed excellent performance (area under the curve = 0.962), with temperature seasonality (47.8%) and precipitation of coldest quarter (38.4%) being two main bioclimatic variables predicting species presence. Temperature and precipitation are two dependent variables on which vegetation and habitat type depend. Slopes of the western Zagros Mountains have moist and temperate oak forests that contain many springs. The presence of both oak forests and water resources may allow the establishment of populations of fire salamanders in the region. As the forests are decreasing because of human activities, the amount of suitable habitats for this species is also decreasing. It is necessary to develop and implement conservation programs to protect the oak forests on the western slopes of the Zagros.
RELATION BETWEEN METRIC AND FUZZY METRIC SPACES AND SOME FIXED POINT THEOREMS
Nabi Shobe,Shaban Sedghi,Binayak S. Choudhury 한국전산응용수학회 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.1
In this work we have considered several common fixed point results in metric spaces for weak compatible mappings. By applications of these results we establish some fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces.