산문시론 시고(試考)

이명찬(Yi Myung-chan) 한국시학회 2016 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.45

현재 중등교육 현장에 널리 퍼져 있는 이상한 용어 가운데 하나가 ‘산문적 리듬’이라는 이해하기 힘든 말뭉치이다. 이 용어는 우리 문학 교육의 현장에서 ‘산문: 운문, 정형시: 자유시: 산문시, 운율: 내재율’ 등의 개념들에 대한 명확하게 합의된 규정들이 존재하지 않기 때문에 생겨난 혼란의 한 예라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 그러한 혼란의 책임은 당연히 중등교육의 담당자들이 아니라 관련 연구를 진행하고 있는 대학의 연구자들에게 있다. 현재 운영 중인 사이버 상의 각종 사전이나 오랜 기간 학계에 영향력을 행사해온 문학 원론들, 시론들에 이미 이런 혼란들이 꾸준히 노출되어 있었기 때문이다. 산문시란 당연하게도 산문 형식의 서정시를 가리킨다. 그리고 산문 형식이라는 말은 운율 배제라는 조건을 전제로 성립하는 어법이다. 이에 비해 정형시란 외형적으로 드러난 형식적 틀에 맞춘 시를 가리킨다. 그리고 자유시는 그 일정한 틀은 버리되 시인 개인의 개성에 따라 다양한 운율적 요소들을 자유롭게 구현하는 시라고 정의할 수 있다. 운율이 없는 서정시가 곧 산문시라는 개념을 바탕으로 ‘산문적 리듬’이라는 용어를 이해해 보면, 그것은 결국 그러한 시의 완결성을 높이고 전달력을 강화하기 위해 시의 최종 구성 단계에서 사용되는 각종의 장치들의 기능을 가리키는 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 문단과 문단을 이어 글전체를 유기적으로 연결하면서 어조나 감정의 강약을 조절하여 독자에게 감동과 영향력을 행사하는 텍스트의 힘을 일러 ‘리듬’이라 불렀던 것이다. One of the corpora widely used in current secondary education is "prosaic rhythm", which is hard to understand. The term exemplifies the confusion arising from the absence of a clear consensus on such concepts as "prose vs. verse, rhymed verse vs. free verse vs. prosaic poem, and rhymes vs. inner rhythm" in the field of literary instruction. The foregoing confusion may well be attributable to not those in charge of secondary literary instruction but relevant researchers at universities on the grounds that such confusion has continuously been exposed in various dictionaries, literary and poetic theories that have influenced the academia over a long period of time. It is only natural to say that a prosaic poem refers to a lyric poem taking the form of a prose. The form of a prose assumes the condition that rhymes are excluded. In contrast, a rhymed verse refers to a poem complying with an explicit formal framework. A free verse is defined as a poem that is free of a certain framework and intended to freely realize a range of rhyme components of a poet"s own volition. Based on the idea that a rhymeless lyric poem becomes a prose, the term "prosaic rhythm" refers to a range of poetic devices used in the final step of poetic composition to increase the poetic completion and enhance the delivery. A "rhythm" refers to the power of a text exerting influence and impression on readers by connecting paragraphs into an organically flowing text in its entirety whilst controling the tones or the emotional intensity.

박남수 시의 재인식 : ‘이미지’에 가려진 분단의 상처

이명찬(Yi Myung-Chan) 한국시학회 2011 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.31

It is not an exaggeration that Korea’s modern history has been a series of hardships by governmental power, which has tried to deprive citizens of right to speak. During the periods of president Yi, Soong-man’s dictatorship, the Korean War, and subsequent military dictatorship, social prohibition has dominated the life of people, and Korean people have been harassed by rigid censorship. Therefore, the situation of these times is referred to as ‘Social aphasia.’ However, for defector poets like Park, Nam -soo, defecting from North Korea was imposed as the additional condition of such oppression. Therefore, it would be truly difficult for Park, Namsoo to express the ugly society by pushing through the double burden which made poet silent. In this regard, the image of bird, created by Park, Namsoo was estimated to be a symbol for speaking the pain of people’s life in South Korea in a roundabout way. Accordingly, we should not see Park, Nam-soo as a descendant of the modernist poets. In regard to the evaluation on the poems of Park, Namsoo, only his second poem collection, God’s Trash would be suitable for the poems of a modernist. The core concern of the Poet, Park, Nam-soo was regarding the embodiment of remaining scars due to the division of Korea. His lifetime’s work as a poet was to recover the life in his hometown, where his mother and grandmother was living under the name of beginning (始原). It is supposed that the poetic way of Park, Nam-soo based on the restrained language intended to control his overflowing nostalgia in his mind.

경희대학교 평화의 전당 광장 조성계획

김동찬,이윤수,유재설,강남욱,김명기 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2001 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.4 No.1

This study was aimed to make a plan to accentuate the memorial of the exterior space and to supply the function of the rest space in order to create space well-matched for the building idea of the great peace hall in Kyunghee University. In this study, it was suggested the plan to improve the existing plaza around the great peace hall. The plan was maked to offer people of Kyunghee University the place as daily culture and rest space, and the inspired image of Kyunghee University.

韓國醬의 菌學的 硏究

金明燦 慶尙大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

在來式 메주의 醱酵에 關與하는 微生物의 樣相을 調査하고 그 微生物類와 奬의 醱酵와의 相關關係를 硏究할 目的으로 韓國의 各 地域에서 募集한 메주試料 9種의 性狀分析을 함과 同時에 各種 微生物을 分離 同定하고 또 其中에서 外見上 比較的 醱酵가 良好하다고 생각되는 1試料 D메주를 가지고서 奬을 담고 經時的으로 微生物의 變遷 및 各種 成分의 消長을 調査 分析했는데 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 메주試料의 外皮層은 水分 11∼20%의 黃褐色 擘固層을 하고 있고 그 內部層은 水分 17∼40%의 黑褐色 ??層을 形成하고 있다. 外皮層은 pH 5.9∼7.4이고 內部層은 pH 6.8∼8.5이며 細?이 ??하고 多少 암모니아?를 發하는 것도 있었다. 2. 메주試料에서 곰팡이가 20種類 分離되고 主로 Aspergillus oryzae屬, Mucor屬, Rhizopus屬, Penicilliun屬이 重複해서 나타났고 메주의 醱酵에는 多種類의 곰팡이가 關與하여 있다. 酵母類는 數種의 酵母가 分離외었을 뿐이고 메주는 酵母類 ?? 培地로서 不適當하다고 생각된다. 細?類는 8種類의 細?이 分離되고 其中에서도 Bacillus subtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn은 7種의 試料에서 分離되고 그 生?數도 最大 13X10이고 메주에 生育하는 微生物中 最大이며 메주 製造에 主 役割을 하는 ?種으로 보인다. 3. 奬의 醱酵過程에 있어서 곰팡이類는 醱酵 1∼2週間에 나타났으나 醱酵 6週間째에는 分離되지 않았다. 효모類는 전혀 分離되지 않았다. 細?類는 最初부터 Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn, Bacillus subtilis var. niger Smith. Gordon and Clark 및 Pediococcus halophilus Mees등 3種이 分離되었는데 時間이 經過 함에 따라서 그 數가 減少했다. 4. 奬 醱酵中 可俗性 空素와 NH₂-N는 各各 第4週間째까지 急速하게 增加하고 그 後에는 相互 比例해서 연次 增加하고 NH₃-N 는 第2週間째 까지 急速하게 增加하지만 그 後에는 緩慢하게 增加했다. 種酸은 연次 增加해서 直線을 나타내고 還元?은 第4週間 째 까지는 緩慢하게 增加하여 0.66g/100ml로 되고 그 後 第8週間 째 까지 變化하지 않았다. pH는 總酸에 反比例한 曲線을 나타내고 最初 6.4에서 第 5週間나 째에 5.6으로 되고 서第8週間까지 계속 되었다. α-amylase,β-amylase 및 protease activity는 모두 比例해서 減少했다. 遊離 아미노醱은 各種 아미노醱의 種類에 따라서 多少의 差는 있으나 대개로 NH₂-N의 增加에 比例했다. 5. 메주 및 奬試料에서 分離된 2種의 Aspergillus flavus를 培養해서 만든 白米에서 Aflatoxin이 檢出되지 않았다. 結局 韓國의 奬類는 主로 메주의 ??한 多種類의 곰팡이類와 第?類가 分?한 各種 酵素類의 綜合作用에 依해서 加水分解한 成分이 食?水中에 俗出되고 그 各 成分드르이 相互作用에 依하여 만들어지는 것이라고 생각된다. With the objective to study the microflora that have to do with fermentation of Korean Meju and to determine the interrelationships between the action of these microbes and the fermentation of Jang, nine samples of Meju were collected from wide localities in Korea and analysis of their properties, isolation and identification of the microbes in them were carried out after preparing Jang with one of the nine samples. Periodical surveys and analysis of the changes of the changes of the microbes as well as the vicissitudesof the component of the Jang were made. Results of thes tudy are smmarizd as follows: 1. The Korean Meju is, as a rule, a spherical or rectangular cake exclusively of yeallow bean "mash," theouter layer of meju consisting in a yellowish brown, hard statum of 11-20L% moisture, while the inner layer, forming a dark brown, soft core of 17-40% moisture. The outer layer, pH 5.9-7.4, swarms with molds, thereas the inner layer, pH 6.8-8.5, smelling, at times, a little amonia, breeds bacteria. 2. From the nine samples of Meju, 20 kinds of molds were isolated, mostly of Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Penicillium groups to indicate that inthe fermentation of Meju a variety of molds take active part. From the nine samples of Meju some yeasts of only a few Kinds were isolate, and it is assumed that Meju si hardly suitable medium for yeasts to propagete. Eight kinds of bacteria were isolated from the nine samples. Of then, Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn was isolaed from no less than 7 or thenine samples, and numbering the greater (13X10? at the maximum) at the time of all the microbes growing in Meju. 3. In the course of fermentation of Jang, molds were found in the first and second weeks, but in the sixth weeks no molds were isolated any longer. No yeasts appeared during the first to sixth week. As to bacteria, three kind ... Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn; Bacillus subtilis var. niger Smith, Gordon & Clark ; and Pedicoccus haplophilus Mees... were isolated from the start, but their number decreased as time went. 4. In the course of fermentation, soluble nitrogen and NH₂-N each kept increasing rapidly until the fourth week, but thereafter the increase was slow. Total acid gradually increased, drawing a straight upward line, while the reducing sugar slowly increased till the fourth week to reach 0.66gr/100 ml, but decreased rather rapidly in fifth week to 0.35gr/100 ml, wirth no change observed thereafter. pH drew a curve in inverse proportion to the total acid, ranging from 6.4 in the first to 5.6 by the fifth week, which latter lasted until the eighth week, α-amylase, β-amylase, and protease activity decreased in proportion to one another. Free amino had a slight difference in increase from the another kind, but their increase feamined in direct proportion to that of NH₂-N. 5. From the rice-koji prepared with the use of two strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from Meju and Jang, no aflatoxin was detected. 6. In conclusion, the Jang of Korea is produced when the components which are hydrolyzed through the combined action of the various enzymes that the many kinds of molds and bacteria bred inthe Meju secrete, ooze in the water, and also by an inter-action of all these differnt components.

Aspergillus niger SFN-416이 생산한 정제된 β-Glucosidase의 유기용매에 대한 반응성

도길명,성찬기 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구에서는 유기용매에 내성이 강한 Aspergillus niger SFN-416이 생산한 분리·정제된 β-glucosidase를 물이 포함된 유기 용매계에서 PNPG의 가수분해 반응을 연구하였다. 유기용매의 농도를 1.0∼10.0%(v/v)로 변화시키면서 β-glucosidase 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과, methanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 18.33units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 169.4%로 ethanol은 10.0%(v/v)로, ethanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 14.12units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 130.5%로 isopropanol은 5.0%(v/v)에서 12.19units/ml.min으로 상대 활성이 112.7%로 1-buthanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 19.36units/ml.min으로 상대 활성이 178.9%로 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 아들 중 특히 methanol과 1-buthanol에서 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 유기용매의 농도를 1.0∼10.0%(v/v)로 변환시켜 30분간 방치한 후 β-glucosidase에 대한 안정성을 연구한 결과, methanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 5.71units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 124.4%로, ethanol은 7.5%(v/v)에서 7.60units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 165.6% isopropanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 4.42units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 96.3%로, 1-buthanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 5.11unis/ml.min으로 상대활성이 111.3%로 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 중 특히 ethanol에서 가장 높은 안정성을 보였다. 위 결과로 보아β-glucosidase는 유기용매에서 반응성과 안정성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. The hydrolysis of PNPG was to investigate enzymatic reactions of β-glucosidase from Asprgillus niger SFN-416 in organic solvents (methanol. ethanol, isopropanol and l-butanolbwater system. The concentration of various organic solvents used in the experiment were 1.0, 2.5. 5.0, 7.5, and l0.0%(v/v). Enzyme in organic solvents was showed high activity toward l0.0%(v/v) of methanol(l8.33units/ml.min). l0.0%(v/v) of ethanol(l4.12units/ml.min). 5.0%(V/V) of isopropanol(l2.19units/mi.min) and l0.0%(v/v) of l-butanol(l9.36units/mi.min). Stability of enzyme in organic solvents was showed high activity toward lO.O%(v/v) of methanol (5.7 lunitslmi. mid, 7.5% (v/v) of ethanol (7.60units/ml. mid, l0.0%(v/v) of isopropanol(4.42units/mi.min) and 10.0% (v/v) of l-butanol(5.1 lunits/mi.min). Our result indicated that reactions and stability of B-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger SFN-416 were higher in organic solvent-water system as compared with water system.

散積運搬船 船體構造部材의 腐蝕損傷防止에 關한 硏究

朴命圭,金讚宗 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A ship, Compared with common steel structures on land, must be placed in extremely severe corrosive environments. Apart from the cases caused by disaster at sea, most of damages of the hull structure members are those caused by corrosion and waste. These are the major factors for damages occurring to the structural members of ship during operation. Therefore, it is necessary that the persons concerned should pay full attention to protect against corrosion and waste in order to prevent hull damages and to service more efficiently and safely. In addition, precautionary steps to help prevent accidents include training with crews, guidances, supervisors, and system improvements, and repairing any structural vulnerability of the ship herself. If the repairing of structural vulnerability is carried out, the above mentioned accidents are sure to be prevented. For the sake of this situation, a full survey in advance and the establishment for an efficient plan are more important than any others. Among all sorts of examples investigated and reported as damage cases during the process of achieving the Classification Society about ships by periodical surveys on servicing, matters about moreenhanced examinations related to the corrosion and waste in the hull structure members of solid cargo bulk carriers must be surveyed and analyzed intensively. By presenting on this basis, the efficient method count plan for the construction of new ships to stabilize the repair and up-keep of a fleet, this thesis is written with the motive of contributing to competitiveness of a bulk carrier fleet and decreasing of the economic loss of ships upon servicing.

인공 및 천연 CaCO₃의 염료흡착 특성

조명찬 東西大學校 2000 동서논문집 Vol.6 No.-

원주의 가공기술을 개발하기 위한 초기 연구로써 진주 층 및 삽입 핵(CaCO3)을 사용하여 염료의 흡착 특성을 조사해 보았다. 진주 염색에 사용되는 것으로 알려져 있는 Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue를 염료로 선택하여 물, 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤 등의 용매를 사용하여 용해시킨 결과 염료용액 제조시 염료의 용해도로 인한 문제는 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 진주 층과 삽입 핵(CaCO3)을 60 micron크기로 파쇄한 후 Porosimeter를 사용하여 기공크기 면적과 내부표면적을 측정해 보았다. 측정 결과 기공크기, 기공체적, 내부표면적은 진주 층의 경우 대략 100 Å, 0.035 cm3/g, 1 m2/g, 삽입 핵은 대략 200 Å, 0.0116 cm3/g, 2m2/g 정도인 것으로 나타났다. Rhodamine 6G를 염료로 사용하여 진주 층과 삽입 핵에의 회분식 흡착 실험 결과 대략 20시간과 30시간 후에 각각 평형에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 평형 흡착 능의 경우 삽입핵에의 흡착 량은 진주 층에의 흡착 량의 약 20%에 해당되는 것으로 나타나 진주 핵에도 염료가 일부 흡착된다는 사실을 확인하였다. 탈착실험 결과 탈착률은 대략 13% 정도로 동일하나 삽입 핵의 탈착 평형 시간은 대략 10시간 정도로 진주 층의 50시간에 비해 5배 빠른 것으로 나타났다. This study represents characteristics of dye adsorption onto pearl and pearl nucleus (CaCO3). Three basic dyes such as Rhodamine 6G, Rhodimine B, and Methylene Blue were selected as model compounds for adsorption experiments because they were known to be used for processing pearls. Solubility of the dyes were investigated with various solvents such as distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone and were found to be out of the range of precipitation. Pearl and pearl nucleus were reduced to powder of 60 ㎛ size and the pore characteristics of the powders were investigated using porosimeter. The pore size, pore volume, and surface area were found to be approximately 100 Å, 0.035 cm3/g, 1 m2/g for pearl and 200 Å, 0.0116 cm3/g, 2m2/g for pearl nucleus. From the batch adsorption experiment using Rhodamine 6G, it was found that equilibrium reached after 20 hours for pearl and 30 hours for pearl nucleus, respectively. Adsorption loading for pearl was 5 times larger than that for pearl nucleus. Desorption experiment showed that desorption percent was 13% for both adsorbents. However, time for desorption equilibrium for pearl nucleus was 10 hours and was 5 times shorter than that for pearl.

중량부하 운동이 육상선수의 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

백명기,이찬우 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.1

I took the test which was weight load by sampling our school atheletes. The results were as follows. 1. Controlled Group diminished 0.9㎏ after taking Pre & Post - Test as a weight results. But Experimental Group diminished 2.5㎏ after taking Pre & Post -Test. 2. The Controlled Group's Differences of Pre & Post - Test was 6㎏. The Experimental Group's Differences of Pre & Post - Test was 12㎏ in Back Stretch. So the width of back strech increase was so high. 3. The Experimented Group increased after taking Pre & Post - Test in Sargent Jump. And the differences of Experimental Group's Pre & Post - Test was 5.2㎝. So Experimental Group should me high difference. 4. The measurement result of Skinfold Thickness diminished 0.81% after taking Pre & Post - Test of controlled goup. And Experimental Group's Pre & Post - Test diminished 1.43%. 5. Controlled Group:s Differences after taking Pre & Post - Test shorten 0.015 (sec) and Experimental Group's Pre & Post - Test shorten 0.027 (sec) in Whole Body Reaction Time. 6. Frequency of Breath diminished 4 times after taking Pre & Post - Test. But Experimental Group diminished 6 times after taking Pre & Post - Test. 7. Controlled Group diminished 9.5 (1/min). but Experimental Group diminished 9.8 (1/min) in ??. 8. Controlled Group's Differences between Pro-Test and Post - Test showed me 0.27 (1/min). On the other hand. Experimental Group's Differences between Pre - Test and Post - Test become 0.69 (1/min) in Vo₂ 9. Controlled Group's Differences between Pre - Test and Post - Test diminished a time, but Experimental Group's Differences between Pre - Test and Post - Test diminished 5 times in ?? 10. The diminution width of Post - Test was 2 times, but the diminution width of Experimental Group was 6 times in ??.

화학공학 전공 학생의 취업을 위한 복합 STC 운영

이명섭,한정태,이근복,김노수,조찬휘 永同大學校 1997 硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.1

우리 영동대학교에서 1998년 이후 지금까지 진행하여 온 특별 주제 학습과정인 STC(Special Topics COurse)프로그램을 기존의 운영틀에서 탈피하여 한층 더 발전시킨 복합STC로 활용하고자 하였으며, 특히 이를 졸업생의 취업 및 진학의 방법으로 최대한 활용하고자 계획·운영하였다. 그 결과 취업 및 진학과 같은 진로 확립은 물론 전공지식의 확대, 자격시험 대비능력의 향상, 학생과 교수간의 유대강화 등과 같은 괄목할 만한 성과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 교수들의 산업체 방문을 통한 산학협동의 계기 마련에도 커다란 성과를 얻었다. We have upgraded the STC(Special Topics Course) program, which has been carried out in our university since 1995, to more structured program so that we could train our chemical engineering students better. This program was geared to help students find better jobs and enter well-recognized graduate schools. Consequently, we had most students successful in job searches as well as entrance exams for graduate school; besides, those who actively participated in our STC program were able to attain better professional knowledge and acquire various professional engineers certificates. On top of that, this program allowed us to build up closer relationships with our students. We also made university-industry cooperation possible through our visits to industries nearby.

윤동주 시에 나타난 '방'의 상징성

이명찬 국어국문학회 2004 국어국문학 Vol.- No.137

I chased transfiguration of Yun Dong-Ju’s consciousness laying stress on the image of ‘Room’ that appeared in his poetry. His rooms are classified roughly to the Seoul and Yongjeong, Tokyo. And his ‘Rooms’ symbolize searching self process of a smart ego to establish own position on the center of hitorical chaos. He took spare the result of soul-searching with room images. He could symbolize the direction that he must go forward with the room figuration. Why did he use room images? The first reason is that he designed and practiced own life with religious piety. Analysis of representation system that religious human shows received help of M.Eliade. The second reason is that he was manchuria man. Manchuria people got the sack in their motherland. And could not but accomplish new site on Manchuria again. Therefore, Manchuria people wondered about the problem of home and land seriously. Yundongju knew to experience from being young that Manchuria had no essential root of land. Therefore, he was come to find his own another hometown. The rented room of Seoul that appeared in <돌아와보는밤> symbolized center of life that do to have confidence about his own identity. However, speaker didn't have the definite sense of direction yet. Only, the direction was involved inseparably with direction of ‘Mentally flowing some sound’. Also, speaker feeled dimly the time of a decision. The shape of room in <또다른고향> symbolizes another hometown of sky that he rech up to. He believed that can reach such height through poetry or literature. Stockpile of ‘Force’ by studying abroad to Tokyo was actuality plan of such height pursuit. This is good example that can observe the inside of Korean students studying abroad. It was very romantic that height-longing catched his inside at this time. We can grasp the meaning of ‘rented room of Tokyo’, his third room, through <쉽게씨워진시>. Room in <쉽게씨워진시> is symbol that shows the sense of danger of self and effort to pass over it. That is the room that is made in others’ country, we can look furtively crisis of his identity. In this room, he realizes for the first time that will of height pursuit through poetry is virtual image. Therefore, he shows will of his renewal. And then, consciousness that cannot help beginning small practice now is appearing. He shows will to engage for the new age to include ashamed past. We can call it summit consciousness.