소매업 상업공간의 매개공간에 나타난 랜드스케이프적 특성 연구

김면 ( Kim¸ Myun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(연구배경 및 목적) 코로나 19로 인하여 빠르게 증가한 언택트 소비는 최근 유통업계의 매출 동향에 변화를 가져왔다. 그에 따라 오프라인을 기반으로 한 상업공간은 소비자의 방문을 유도하여 매출을 증가시키기 위해 매장 내에 휴식과 체험 등의 요소를 강화하고 있다. 이런 움직임으로 인해 상업공간 내의 매개공간은 그 역할과 비중이 더 커지고 있다. 또한, 상업공간에서 긴 체류의 시간을 유도하기 위하여 매개공간의 랜드스케이프의 중요성도 함께 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 상업공간의 매개공간에서 나타나는 랜드스케이프적 특성을 파악하고, 매개공간과 도시 건축적 요소로서 랜드스케이프의 공통된 표현요소를 도출하여 종합소매업 상업공간의 매개공간의 방향과 계획을 하는 데에 실증적 도움이 되고자 함이다. (연구방법) 연구의 대상은 도시에 있는 종합소매업 상업공간이며 매개공간에서 랜드스케이프 어바니즘 표현특성이 잘 나타난 곳을 중심으로 하였다. 연구를 위해 종합소매업 상업공간 내에 매개공간과 랜드스케이프 요소의 연관성을 도출하였다. 매개공간에 대한 고찰과 도식화를 통하여 종합소매업 상업시설 내의 매개공간의 영역을 구분하고, 구분된 영역별 매개공간의 특성과 어바니즘 랜드스케이프 이론을 고찰하여 연관 관계를 검토한 후 공통요소를 분류하여 사례를 통해 검증하였다. (결과) 종합소매업 상업공간 내의 매개공간이라는 특성을 반영하여 상업시설의 기능과 함께 매개영역을 나누어 랜드스케이프의 사이의 공통요소로 분석한 결과 시인성, 접근성, 연속성, 연결성, 개방성, 전이성으로 도출할 수 있었다. 이 공유속성을 매개공간의 진입영역, 연결영역, 코어 영역으로 구분한 세개의 영역과 랜드스케이프의 맥락에 의한 상호관계성, 공간의 연속성, 프로그램에 의한 불확정성, 자연 요소적 심미성으로 나눈 네 가지 요소 사이에 개념을 연결하고 공통요소를 적용하여 세부 분석하였다. 사례분석 결과 최근 지어진 종합소매업 상업공간의 공통된 경향은 주 기능인 판매공간의 면적을 줄이고 매개공간의 질을 확보하기 위하여 코어 영역을 중심으로 개방성을 강조하는 공간구성을 기획한다는 것이다. (결론) 종합소매업 상업공간의 매개공간은 랜드스케이프적 구성 특성을 보이며 그 두 개념 사이에서 공통된 특성이 조화를 이룰 때 이용자 측면에서 흥미 요소가 강해지며 체류 시간이 증대되는 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 상업공간의 아이덴티티 정립과 브랜딩을 위하여 매개공간의 랜드스케이프적인 접근과 다양한 프로그램의 중요성은 더욱 중요해질 것으로 생각한다. 본 연구와 논의가 마케팅 및 브랜딩을 위한 상업공간구성 기획과 전략에 보탬이 되기를 기대한다. (Background and Purpose) Untact consumption, which has increased rapidly due to COVID-19, has recently changed the sales trend of a distribution industry. Offline-based commercial spaces are strengthening the elements of relaxation and experience in stores to increase sales by attracting customers to visit. Due to the trend, the importance of the landscape of the intermediate space is also emerging in order to induce a longer length of stay in the commercial space. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical help in setting the direction and plan of the intermediate space of the commercial space in the general merchandise retail by understanding the landscape characteristics appearing in the intermediate space of commercial space and deriving common expression elements between the intermediate space and the landscape as urban architectural elements. (Method) For the study, the relationship between intermediate space and landscape elements in the commercial space in the general merchandise retail was derived. It was verified through cases by dividing the area of the intermediate space in commercial facilities in the general merchandise retail through consideration and schematization of the intermediate space, by reviewing the characteristics of the intermediate space for each divided area and the landscape urbanism theory, and by sorting common elements after reviewing the link. (Results) By reflecting the characteristics of the intermediate space within the commercial space of general merchandise retail with the functions of commercial facilities, visibility, accessibility, continuity, connectivity, openness, and transitionality were derived as a result of analyzing the intermediate space with common elements between it and landscape. The shared attributes were analyzed in detail by connecting concepts between the three areas (access, connection, and core areas) and four elements (interactive relations by context of landscape, spatial continuity, indeterminacy by program, and a natural element aesthetic) of the intermediate space and applying the common elements. As a result of the case study, the common trend of the recently built commercial space of general merchandise retail is that it is planned with an emphasis on openness around the core area by reducing the area of sales space that has served as a main function to secure the quality of the intermediate space in spatial composition. (Conclusions) The intermediate space of the commercial space of general merchandise retail shows a characteristic of landscape composition, and when the common characteristics between the two concepts are harmonized, it will be more entertaining from the user's perspective and the length of stay can be longer. For the establishment of identity and branding of commercial space, the importance of a landscape approach to and various programs for intermediate space is expected to grow.

글로벌 호텔의 브랜드 아이덴티티를 위한 오브제 표현 특성에 관한 연구 - 럭셔리 호텔 등급을 중심으로 -

김면 ( Kim¸ Myun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.7

(연구배경 및 목적) 최근 글로벌 호텔 체인 기업들은 고객의 니즈와 가격대별로 브랜드를 세분화하고 충성 고객들을 만들기 위하여 브랜드 아이덴티티를 강화하며 시장에서 우위를 점하기 위해 노력한다. 소비자들은 럭셔리 호텔로 갈수록 자신의 구매와 브랜드를 동일시하려는 경향이 있다. 이를 위해 호텔은 소비자들의 심상을 끌어낼 수 있는 디자인요소로 브랜드의 고급이미지를 차별화 하고 있다. 이에 호텔의 공간에서 감성적 요소를 끌어내려는 효과적인 방법으로서 오브제 적 특성을 적용한 디자인이 자주 활용된다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국제적 호텔 기업들의 상위 등급인 럭셔리 호텔의 브랜드 포지션을 이해하고 타 호텔과 차별화된 브랜드 아이덴티티를 갖기 위하여 호텔디자인에 나타난 오브제 표현 특성을 연구함으로써 호텔디자인 계획에 실증적인 도움이 되고자 함이다. (연구방법) 럭셔리 호텔의 포지션과 브랜디 아이덴티티에 대해 이해한 후 오브제 본연의 기능에 대해 고찰하였다. 이어서 공간에 나타난 오브제 적 특성과 호텔산업의 특징을 반영하여 럭셔리 호텔브랜드 아이덴티티를 강조하기 위한 오브제 표현 특성을 정리하고 도출하였다. 연구사례는 MKG 컨설팅의 데이터베이스를 근거로 2020년 EBITDA 랭킹 상위 5개 호텔 기업 중에서 시장의 타깃 포지션이 다른 4곳의 럭셔리 호텔 브랜드를 선정하고 호텔 공간과 오브제 적 특성이 잘 결합한 사례를 중심으로 브랜드 아이덴티티에 따른 오브제 특성을 분석하였다. (결과) 오브제는 하나의 대상이 보는 이로 하여금 하나의 심상을 만들어 낸다. 본 연구에서는 벽, 천장, 바닥, 계단 등의 공간구성요소로서의 오브제를 다루기보다는, 브랜드의 이미지와 아이덴티티를 오브제를 통하여 잘 전달하는가에 대해 중점을 두었다. 호텔 공간의 오브제의 요소를 4가지로 나눈 후 그 세부 유형을 도출하였고, 호텔 공간에서 오브제 표현을 자주 활용하고 있음을 사례를 통하여 분석하였다. (결론) 호텔의 브랜드 아이덴티티는 오브제의 요소와 결합하여 바이라인의 메시지를 전달하고, 소비자들은 하나의 심상과 브랜드로서 더욱 깊이 인식한다. 오브제의 공간 표현은 보는 이로 하여금 새로운 해석을 하게 하고 인식으로 수용하여 하나의 이미지를 만든다. 호텔의 오브제 활용은 이런 점에서 효과적 디자인 방법이다. 향후에는 호텔의 세부 공간별 오브제의 표현이 호텔의 서비스 만족도에 미치는 효과에 관하여 연구를 이어 가고자 한다. (Background and Purpose) Recently, global hotel chain companies are segmenting brands according to customer needs and price ranges, strengthening their brand identities to create loyal customers, and trying to gain an edge in the market. As consumers move toward luxury hotels, they equate their purchases with their brands. To this end, hotels differentiate the luxury image of their brand with design elements that can draw out the image of consumers. Therefore, as an effective way to draw out emotional elements from the hotel space, design with objet characteristics is often used. The purpose of this study is to understand the brand position of luxury hotels―the top grades of international hotel companies―and to provide empirical help in hotel design planning by studying the objet expression characteristics in hotel design to have a brand identity differentiated from other hotels. (Method) After understanding the position of the luxury hotel and the brandy identity, the original function of the objet is considered. Then, by reflecting the characteristics of the objet in the space and the characteristics of the hotel industry, the characteristics of the expression of the objet, to emphasize the identity of the luxury hotel brand, are organized and derived. Based on the database of MKG Consulting, the research case selected four luxury hotel brands with different market target positions among the top five hotel companies in the 2020 EBITDA ranking, focusing on the case where hotel space and objet characteristics were well combined, according to the analyzed objet characteristics. (Results) An objet makes a single image for the viewer to see. They are also used to bring out emotional elements to the space. In this study, rather than dealing with objets as spatial components, such as walls, ceilings, floors, and stairs, the focus was on whether the brand's image and identity are well conveyed through the objets. After dividing the elements of the objet in the hotel space into four, the detailed types were derived and the frequent use of objet expressions in the hotel space was analyzed through examples. (Conclusions) The brand identity of the hotel is combined with the elements of the objet to deliver the message of the byline, and consumers perceive it more deeply as a single image and brand. The spatial expression of the objet allows the viewer to make a new interpretation and accept it as a perception to create an image. The use of hotel objets is an effective design method in this respect. In the future, I intent to continue the study on the effect of the expression of objets for each detailed space of the hotel on the service satisfaction of the hotel.

Freud 와 Skinner의 인간성 진단에 관한 비교연구

李冕鎬 호남대학교 1988 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.9 No.-

1. The core of Freud's theory lies in that Id of the unconsciousness controls life instinct of human beings. The term Id consists of Eros which is representing both sexual pleservation of man's life and Thanatos which is distructive and aggressive death instincts, Human behavior thus governed by this two instincts in its root. This theory of Id coined by Freud got some criticism as an theory that could be abused as a material for the defence in social discipline, governing and suppressing the society. However, Freud insists that the social value of the repression and the satisfaction should be accepted and more over, agued that not only the suppression of the human instinctive desire but also the fullfillment of it could lead as to civilisation. After all to emphasize the realm of unconsciousness where Libido is active in the depths of the mind, it minimizing the reason into a trifle one. Thus in this article, it is examined that whether the Freud's theory of unconsciousness that is Id could justify minimizing the reason and the oppression of society. 2. Behaviorism proposed by Skinner means that the liberty of human behavior is denied and could be controled by the contingency of environment. Therefore behaviorism stipulate the man as a mechanical Robot on the premise that human being are passive and dependent existence. These view resulted from the fact that man give up self-administration and give over to environment the control which has been in his power to exercise: individual is only a prism and a passive piece of sculpture without subjecthood. So according to behaviorism human being is considered as the same with animal. Thus man is not free as if it is a machine: also should be mechanical and influenced by determinism. It ignore the activity innate human being and rejected the view which interpretes behavior as a result of human mind and spirit. Therefore Behaviorism is a sort of determinism which declares that human behavior dicided by a certain cause and the cause is a lways external; in short, it is causationism. conclusionaly behaviorism only interested in importance of culture and society, and more interested in environment; it expect that man's environment should be transformed into humanistic one and it considers the role of the human genetic endowment as nothing. However, surely man has his own self control and autonomy with it he can rule the environment, therefore, man behaves with his own determination and desire; there lies a limitation of the theory of behaviorism.

體育系列 學生들의 特性에 關한 調査硏究 : 體育系列 他系列 中心으로

李면榮 德成女子大學校 1988 德成女大論文集 Vol.17 No.-

中世 婦産科의 醫史學的 硏究

조면휘,박현국 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1996 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Obstetrics and Gynecology include gynecology which is concerned with the treatment for the disease based on physiology and pathology of women, and obstetrics which is concerned with pregnancy delivery. These obstetics and gynecology can be said to date from the birth of human beings. This paper has carried on the studies about the generating and developing process of obstetics and gynecology. The results of this study are as follow : Distinction in Northern and Southern Dynasties were much more Obstetrics and Gynecology studying the Obstetrics and Gynecology books in that time, the study about "oncosis" (?瘤) and forma of drug pill, powder, plaster were carried on. The highest distinction in Sui age were research and development on pathogenesis and cause of disease about Obstetrics and Gynecology disease and it was appeared representatively in "Zhubingyuanhoulun"「諸病源候論」 which was special book on cause of disease and pathogenesis and syndrome, And it was explained about abnormal vaginal discharge in this book Obstetrics and Bynecoiogy were developed on theory and clincis in Tang age when "Taiyshu"(太??暑) was established. Taiyshu"(太??暑) taked complete charge of medical operation and education, published much expellent Obstetrics and Gynecology books than the past. Among them specially "Qianjinyaofang"「千金要方」 explained Obstetrics and Gynecology matter first in three volumes and "Qianjinyifang"「千金要方』 explained this matter first in four volumes. This point indicate that Obstetrics and Gynecology's Importance was established in Tang age, so Obstetrics and Gynecology's developmental history, Song age was the acme period. "Taiyju"(太??局) was established in "xining"『??守』 9 year and Obstetrics belonged to one of nine departments under "Taiyju"(太??局), so Obstetrics and Gynecology was separated from the other medical parts and it was prepared of it's progressing bases independentIy and appeared of changes in quality and increase in quantity about theory and prescription of Obstetrics and Gynecology, specially determination of treatment based on the differentiation of symptoms and sighs was taked a serious view. Besides four great physicians in Jing and Yuan dynasies diversified Obstetrics and Gynecology contents through their only medical theory and clinical treatment.

합성 Zeolite A 의 Detergent Builder 로써의 이용

김면섭,국명호 韓陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1986 環境科學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

세제 builder로써의 합성 zeolite A를 하동 고령토로부터 합성하였다. 경도, 염화나트륨의 농도, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate와 합성 zeolite A와 sodium triphosphate의 비율을 달리 하는 세제 용액 중에서 non-finished cotton, resin finished cotton, polyester-cotton blend cloths를 세탁하여 세탁율과 칼슘이온농도를 측정하였다. zeolite A와 sodium triphosphate의 중량비가 1인의 경우의 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 세제의 양이 많을수록 세탁율은 증가하였으나 16˚d에서 3g/1 이상의 세제농도에서는 세탁율은 거의 증가하지 않았다. 세제농도는 경도 8˚d에서는 1.5g/1, 16˚d에서는 3g/1임을 알았으며 세탁율과 제거된 칼슘농도는 염화나트륨의 농도에는 무관하였음을 알았다. Synthetic zeolite A as a laundry derergent builder was prepared from domestic Hadong Kaolin. Non-Finished cotton, resin finished cotton and polyester-cotton blend cloths were washed in the detergent solutions which were containing various hardness, sodium chloride concentration and ratio of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate to zeolite A or to sodium triphosphate, and then cleaning performances and calcium ion concentrations were measured. The followings were the results of experiment in which the weight ratio of zeolite A to sodium triphosphate was 1. The more amount of detergent the more cleaning performance increased, but the performance was almost not inclreased with the concentration of detergent over 3g/1 at 16˚d. It was observed that the concentration of detergent was needed 1.5g/1 at hardness 8˚d and 3g/1 at hardness 16˚d. It was obtained that the cleaning performance and the calcium binding capacity were independent on the concentration of sodium chloride.

外資導入의 現況分析과 多邊化導入方案 : 西歐「유럽」資本市場을 中心으로

유면식 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1975 産業經濟硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The Korean economy had achieved a 9.6% of annual economic growth and 45% of annual export expansion on the average from the early 1960's to 1974, which stemmed from the government's extensive attention to policies supporting export oriented industrialization of our country. This remarkable economic growth rate and the export expansion derived chiefly from the importation of foreign capital totaled 4,883 million dollars from the U.S. and 7,265 million dollars from Japan respectively. But such a lot capital inducement from the above two countries has caused some negative aspects i.e., too much dependence on the U.S. and Japanese Governments has brought about the lapse of economic autonomy of our country and the unbalance of industrialization. For example, the two countries, the United States and Japan, forced Korea accept pollution industries unwillingly, and compelled her economy be under the control of the U.S. and Japanese economic system. These negative aspects must be satisfactorily solved in the process of the third and fourth five-year economic development periods. From the government statistics, our government urgently needs an additional 100 billon dollars from the foreign capital sources throughout the two economic development periods. At this point, it should find other sources of foreign capital inducement. We can easily notice that in 1973 the OPEC and the countries which possess main resources changed the world capital markets quantitatively and qualitatively through the raise of oil prices and main resources. In conclusion, our government should dig out the intensive and extensive ways of inducing foreign capital from the OPEC, OECD, EEC regions, and international financial institutions, which means that our government can import surplus oil dollars and Euro dollars from those countries and organization, keeping pace with the governments of the U.S. and Japan

환경철학의 필요성과 현황, 그리고 전망

한면희 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2003 인문학연구 Vol.7 No.-

Because the environmental disasters have occurred as complex forms, we must explore the solutions interdisciplinary. Generally the environmental problem in the first place appears as the present task of social science, and natural science phenomenally suggests diagnoses and prescriptions of the issues for the purpose of solving. However the environmental philosophy to change the paradigm of current civilization is necessarily required, as people become aware that essential solution of the problems would not be achieved without creating new views about the nature and the world. The environmental philosophy can be divided into the conservative environmentalism and the progressive ecologism. The former will not arrive at the fundamental approach because of a strong anthropocentrism, while the latter, which regards nature as not the instrument but source of life must access the essential. Therefore we should shift a present paradigm according to the progressive ecologism in order to overcome a environmental crisis.

重石鑛의 副産物에서 몰리브덴 황화물 抽出에 關한 硏究

朴冕用,尹昌柱 聖心女子大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

From the by-product obtained from Tungsten ore by floatation, sulfide of molybdenum was extracted. The sulfide was extracted from the nitric acid solution(1.5 equivalents of 3 M HNO) at 60℃ for 2 hours and then 1 M hydrochloric acid solution for 1 hour. The recovery of the sulfide was 73%.

정보시스템 아웃소싱의 서비스 품질과 효과에 관한 탐구적 연구

천면중 울산대학교 1999 경영학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 정보시스템과 마케팅 문헌을 통하여 정보시스템 아웃소싱의 서비스 품질과 아웃소싱 효과간의 탐구적 분석이다. 한국의 500대 기업을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통하여, 아웃소싱을 실시하고 있는 78개의 기업을 대상으로 분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정보시스템 아웃소싱의 전략적 및 기술적 효과는 서비스 품질의 유형성에 의해서 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 아웃소싱의 경제적 효과는 서비스 품질의 감정이입에 의해서 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. An exploratory research of information systems (IS) outsourcing is conducted from the information systems literature and marketing literature in order to assess the following question: Does the IS outsourcing service quality contribute to the effect of IS outsourcing? The research design employs a mail survey questionnaire for gathering data from firms in a number of industries. From a mail survey of 78 top IS managers, the results of analysis provide the following major findings: (1) The strategic and technological effect of IS outsourcing is determined by tangibles of service quality. Elements of tangibles such as up-to-date hardware and software, and visually appealing physical facilities are important for achieving the strategic and technological benefits of IS outsourcing; (2) The economic effect is determined by empathy of service quality. Elements of empathy such as individual attention, operating hours convenient to users, understanding the specific needs of users are important for achieving the economic benefits of IS outsourcing.