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Subword Neural Language Generation with Unlikelihood Training
Salahuddin Muhammad Iqbal,Dae-Ki Kang 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.12 No.2
A Language model with neural networks commonly trained with likelihood loss. Such that the model can learn the sequence of human text. State-of-the-art results achieved in various language generation tasks, e.g., text summarization, dialogue response generation, and text generation, by utilizing the language model’s next token output probabilities. Monotonous and boring outputs are a well-known problem of this model, yet only a few solutions proposed to address this problem. Several decoding techniques proposed to suppress repetitive tokens. Unlikelihood training approached this problem by penalizing candidate tokens probabilities if the tokens already seen in previous steps. While the method successfully showed a less repetitive generated token, the method has a large memory consumption because of the training need a big vocabulary size. We effectively reduced memory footprint by encoding words as sequences of subword units. Finally, we report competitive results with token level unlikelihood training in several automatic evaluations compared to the previous work.
FinFET SRAM Cells with Asymmetrical Bitline Access Transistors for Enhanced Read Stability
Salahuddin, Shairfe Muhammad,Kursun, Volkan,Jiao, Hailong The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.6
Degraded data stability, weaker write ability, and increased leakage power consumption are the primary concerns in scaled static random-access memory (SRAM) circuits. Two new SRAM cells are proposed in this paper for achieving enhanced read data stability and lower leakage power consumption in memory circuits. The bitline access transistors are asymmetrically gate-underlapped in the proposed SRAM cells. The strengths of the asymmetric bitline access transistors are weakened during read operations and enhanced during write operations, as the direction of current flow is reversed. With the proposed hybrid asymmetric SRAM cells, the read data stability is enhanced by up to 71.6% and leakage power consumption is suppressed up to 15.5%, while displaying similar write voltage margin and maintaining identical silicon area as compared to the conventional memory cells in a 15 nm FinFET technology.
FinFET SRAM Cells with Asymmetrical Bitline Access Transistors for Enhanced Read Stability
Shairfe Muhammad Salahuddin,Volkan Kursun,Hailong Jiao 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.6
Degraded data stability, weaker write ability, and increased leakage power consumption are the primary concerns in scaled static random-access memory (SRAM) circuits. Two new SRAM cells are proposed in this paper for achieving enhanced read data stability and lower leakage power consumption in memory circuits. The bitline access transistors are asymmetrically gate-underlapped in the proposed SRAM cells. The strengths of the asymmetric bitline access transistors are weakened during read operations and enhanced during write operations, as the direction of current flow is reversed. With the proposed hybrid asymmetric SRAM cells, the read data stability is enhanced by up to 71.6% and leakage power consumption is suppressed up to 15.5%, while displaying similar write voltage margin and maintaining identical silicon area as compared to the conventional memory cells in a 15 nm FinFET technology.
On the Left and Right Almost Hyperideals of LA-Semihypergroups
Shah Nawaz,Muhammad Gulistan,Nasreen Kausar,Salahuddin,Mohammad Munir 한국지능시스템학회 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.21 No.1
In this paper, we define left almost hyperideals, right almost hyperideals, almost hyperideals, and minimal almost hyperideals. We demonstrate that the intersection of almost hyperideals is not required to be an almost hyperideal, but the union of almost hyperideals is an almost hyperideal, which is completely different from the classical algebraic concept of the ideal theory.
Uniformly Close-to-Convex Functions with Respect to Conju gate Poins
Syed Zakar Hussain Bukhari,Taimoor Salahuddin,Imtiaz Ahmad,Muhammad Ishaq,Shah Muhammad 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2022 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.62 No.2
In this paper, we introduce a new subclass of k-uniformly close-to-convex func tions with respect to conjugate points. We study characterization, coefficient estimates, distortion bounds, extreme points and radii problems for this class. We also discuss inte gral means inequality with the extremal functions. Our findings may be related with the previously known results.
Rafia Rashid,Md. Samsul Arfin,A.S.M. Bazlul Karim,Muhammad Baharul Alam,Salahuddin Mahmud 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been used for more than five decades, its applicability in Bangladeshi children has recently become more common. Therefore, this manuscript aims to describe our experience in performing ERCPs in Bangladeshi children with hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases, focusing on presenting diseases, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Between 2018 and 2021, 20 children underwent 30 ERCP procedures at the Bangladesh Specialized Hospital, Dhaka. A single trained adult gastroenterologist performed all procedures using a therapeutic video duodenoscope. The indications for ERCP, diagnostic findings, therapeutic procedures, and complications were documented. Results: The median age of the study patients was 10 years (range, 1.7–15 years). Successful cannulation of the papilla was achieved in 28 procedures and failed in 2 cases. Repeated ERCP was required in seven patients. Nine patients had biliary indications and 11 had pancreatic indications. Choledocholithiasis was the most common indication for ERCP in patients with biliary disease, while chronic pancreatitis was common among patients with pancreatic indications. Pancreatic divisum was observed in only one patient. Pancreatic and biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 14 and 9 cases, respectively. A single pigtail or straight therapeutic stent was inserted in seven cases and removed in five cases. Stone extraction was performed in six procedures, and balloon dilatation was performed in five procedures. The post-procedural period for these patients was uneventful. Conclusion: We found that ERCP is a practical and successful therapeutic intervention for treating hepatopancreaticobiliary disorders in children when performed by experienced endoscopists.
A New Cytotoxic Compound from Methanol Extract of Koordersiodendron pinnatum Merr. Leaves
Sofa Fajriah,Megawati Megawati,Akhmad Darmawan,Puspa Dewi N. Lotulung,Salahuddin Salahuddin,Muhammad Hanafi 한국생약학회 2020 Natural Product Sciences Vol.26 No.4
Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of Koordersiodendron pinnatum Merr. leaves resulted a new naphthalene derivative, (Z)-4-(tetradec-3-enyl)naphthalene-1,2,7-triol (1), together with three known compounds, b-sitosterol (2), 20-epibryonolic acid (3), and scopoletin (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds (1-4) were tested their cytotoxic activities against the P-388 murine leukemia cell line and compound 1 has highest activity with IC50 1.94 mM.