자연과학적 데이터를 활용한 풍납토성 백제토기의 분류 방안 연구

문은정 ( Eun Jung Moon ),강희준 ( Hee Jun Kang ),한민수 ( Min Su Han ),이한형 ( Han Hyoung Lee ) 백제학회 2011 백제학보 Vol.0 No.5

본 연구는 풍납토성 출토 백제토기를 대상으로 현장에서 소성온도에 따라 토기를 분류할 수 있는 외형관찰 기준을 마련하는데 자연과학적 데이터를 활용하고자 하는 연구이다. 소성온도는 토기의 경도, 밀도 풍을 포함한 다양한 물리화학적 특성에 영향을 미친다. 이 중 현장에서 측정이 가능하고 유용한 것이 경도이다. 그러므로 우리나라의 발굴현장에서 적용하고 있는 경도 측정기준을 적용하여 토기를 분류하고, 자연과학적 분석을 통하여 이들 토기의 마이크로비커스 경도, 밀도, 흡수율, 조직의 유리질화도, 광물학적 특성 등을 측정하여 현장에서 적용하는 경도분류 기준과의 상관관계를 비교연구하였다. 그 결과, 발굴현장에서 동전의 긁힘에 의해 주로 행해지던 연질과 경질의 이분법적 분류는 연질과 연경질, 경질의 세 단계로 세분됨을 알 수 있었다. 소성 온도 추정 결과, 연질은 1,000˚C 이하, 연경질은 1,000~1,100˚C, 경질은 1,200˚C 이상에서 소성되었을 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 3단계로 분류되는 토기들의 각 단계별 외형적 공통점을 추출하여 자연과학적인 정밀분석 없이 육안관찰만으로 토기를 3단계로 분류할 수 있는 관찰기준의 제시를 시도하였다. 이러한 기준은 파괴분석을 하지 않고도 토기의 외형적 특징을 이용하여 토기의 대략적인 물성과 소성온도 추정을 가능하게 할 것으로 기대된다. 단, 이러한 기준은 풍납토성에서 출토된 한성백제시기의 토기 중에서 배류와 호류 등 색상이 단조로운 제한된 기종을 중심으로 한 결과라는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 추가적으로 여러 기종의 다양한 색상을 가진 토기들을 대상으로 풍납토성 출토 토기의 경도별 분류가 가능하도록 수정·보완하는 연구를 진행할 예정이다. Observation methods of appearance were studied to establish a systemized classification criteria according to the firing temperatures of excavated earthenware from the Pung-Nap Mud Castle. A firing temperature has an impact on various physical and chemical properties including hardness and density of earthenware. Of all the properties, hardness can be measured in situ. Therefore, the earthenware were categorized according to the measurement method of hardness which can be applied and useful method for archaeological sites. In addition, the correlation between the measurement method and micro Vickers hardness, absorptance, degree of vitrescence and mineralogical properties of the earthenware were studied by means of a natural scientific analysis. The result suggests that the dichotomous way of classification based on a scratching method determining whether it is hard or soft should be categorized into three stages; soft, soft/hard and hard. According to the presumption of the firing temperature, it is believed that the earthenware were fired at below 1,000℃, 1,000~1,100℃ and 1,200℃ respectively. The systemized observation method was proposed to enable the earthenware to be categorized into three stages using visual observation without a detailed scientific analysis. The method will make it possible to estimate roughly the physical properties and firing temperature of the earthenware with only visual observation. However, it has limits as it was established focusing on certain types such as Cups and Jars among the Han-Sung Baek-Je earthenware. Therefore, a further study is planned to be carried out on various objects excavated from Pung-Nap Mud Castle in order to enable categorization on the basis of hardness of the earthenware.

한강둔치에서 재배된 농작물 중의 미중금속 함량에 관한 연구

김연천,전옥경,양혜란,최영희,한선희,이강문,Kim, Youn-Choen,Chun, Ock-Kyoung,Yang, Hae-Ran,Choi, Young-Hee,Han, Sun-Hee,Lee, Kang-Moon 한국식품위생안전성학회 2000 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.15 No.3

한강 고수부지 및 지천인 안양천, 탄천, 중랑천변의 경작지에서 채집된 36종 285건의 농작물에 대한 Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu. Hg의 농도를 측정하고 그 결과를 채집 시기, 채집 지역 및 작물별로 비교, 분석한 결과, 작물 중의 중금속 함량은 평균치를 기준으로 볼 때 Fe(34.592 ppm)>Mn(11.071 ppm)>Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm) 순으로 곡류 및 두류에서는 Zn의 함량이 Mn보다 높고, 채소류와 과실류에서는 Mn의 함량이 Zn보다 높은 양상을 나타냈다. 또한 각 지역에서 채취한 작물의 미량금속 함량의 경우 Fe은 0.004∼203.083 ppm, Cu은 0.017∼22.727 ppm. Mn은 0.000∼74.373 ppm. Zn은 0.080∼37.166 ppm으로 비교적 고농도로 존재하고 있는 반면 유해중금속류인 Pb은 0.000∼0.654 ppm, Cd은 0.000∼0.270 ppm, Cr은 0.000∼l.229 ppm, Hg은 0.000∼0.037 ppm으로 비교적 미량으로 존재함을 알수 있었다. 대상 농작물을 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 열매로 분류하여 미량금속 함량을 분석한 결과, 분석 대상 금속의 농도가 잎>줄기>뿌리>열매의 순으로 나타났다. 무등의 뿌리 작물에 있어서 Pb은 잎(0.055 ppm))뿌리(0.035 ppm), Cr은 잎(0.118 ppm))뿌리(0.031 ppm), Cd은 잎(0.004 ppm)1뿌리(0.001 ppm), Hg은 잎(0.004 ppm))뿌리(0.001 ppm)으로 뿌리보다 잎에 많은 것으로 나타났는데 이러한 결과로 보아 뿌리는 금속 이온이 흡수되는 기관일 뿐 축적은 잎에 비해 상대적으로 적게 됨을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to determine the content of trace metals in crops cultivated in Han-riverside, Anyang stream, Tan stream, and Jungryang stream. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Hg) were detected in 36 crops, 285 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Mercury Analyzer. The average concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of Fe (34.592 ppm)>Mn (11.071 ppm)$\geq$Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm). In crop samples, the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which ranges were 0.004-203.083 ppm, 0.017~22.727 ppm, 0.000~74.373 ppm, 0.080~37.166 ppm, respectively, were relatively higher than those of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg, which ranges were 0.000~0.654 ppm, 0.000~0.270 ppm, 0.000~l.229 ppm, 0.000~0.037 ppm, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in crop samples was in the order of leafy vegetables > stem vegetables > root vegetables > fruity vegetables. In the root vegetables, such as radish, the content of Pb was leaf(0.055 ppm)>root(0.035 ppm), that of Cr, leaf (0.118 ppm)>root(0.031 ppm), that of Cd, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm), that of Hg, leaf(0.004 ppm)>root(0.001 ppm). As the results, it could be thought that root is the organ which doesn't accumulate the heavy metal ions, but absorb them.

Application of the Fuzzy Set Theory to Uncertain Parameters in a Countermeasure Model

Moon-Hee Han,Byung-Woo Kim 대한방사선방어학회 1994 방사선방어학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Phosphorylation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerases Ser29 and Ser42 by Protein Kinase C-Related Kinase 2 Regulates Viral RNA Replication

Han, Song-Hee,Kim, Seong-Jun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Tae-Eun,Moon, Jae-Su,Kim, Geon-Woo,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Cho, Kun,Yoo, Jong Shin,Son, Woo Sung,Rhee, Jin-Kyu,Han, Seung Hyun,Oh, Jong-Won American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.19

<P>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is the key enzyme for HCV RNA replication. We previously showed that HCV RdRp is phosphorylated by protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2). In the present study, we used biochemical and reverse-genetics approaches to demonstrate that HCV NS5B phosphorylation is crucial for viral RNA replication in cell culture. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that PRK2 phosphorylates NS5B exclusively at its serine residues <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Using <I>in vitro</I> kinase assays and mass spectrometry, we identified two phosphorylation sites, Ser29 and Ser42, in the Δ1 finger loop region that interacts with the thumb subdomain of NS5B. Colony-forming assays using drug-selectable HCV subgenomic RNA replicons revealed that preventing phosphorylation by Ala substitution at either Ser29 or Ser42 impairs HCV RNA replication. Furthermore, reverse-genetics studies using HCV infectious clones encoding phosphorylation-defective NS5B confirmed the crucial role of these PRK2 phosphorylation sites in viral RNA replication. Molecular-modeling studies predicted that the phosphorylation of NS5B stabilizes the interactions between its Δ1 loop and thumb subdomain, which are required for the formation of the closed conformation of NS5B known to be important for <I>de novo</I> RNA synthesis. Collectively, our results provide evidence that HCV NS5B phosphorylation has a positive regulatory role in HCV RNA replication.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> While the role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) in viral RNA replication is clear, little is known about their functional regulation by phosphorylation. In this study, we addressed several important questions about the function and structure of phosphorylated hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B). Reverse-genetics studies with HCV replicons encoding phosphorylation-defective NS5B mutants and analysis of their RdRp activities revealed previously unidentified NS5B protein features related to HCV replication and NS5B phosphorylation. These attributes most likely reflect potential structural changes induced by phosphorylation in the Δ1 finger loop region of NS5B with two identified phosphate acceptor sites, Ser29 and Ser42, which may transiently affect the closed conformation of NS5B. Elucidating the effects of dynamic changes in NS5B phosphorylation status during viral replication and their impacts on RNA synthesis will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NS5B phosphorylation-mediated regulation of HCV replication.</P>

A New Phenolic Amide from Lycium chinense Miller

Han, Song-Hee,Lee, Hyang-Hee,Lee, Ik-Soo,Moon, Young-Hee,Woo, Eun-Rhan The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2002 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.25 No.4

A new phenolic amide, dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine (1) was isolated from the root bark of Lycium chinense Miller, along with known compounds, trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (2), cis-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), and lyoniresinol $3{\alpha}-Ο-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. A NBT superoxide scavenging assay revealed that three phenolic amides showed potent antioxidative activity.

An investigation of mites in beneficial insects

Moon Hee Han,Wontae Kim,Ji-Young Choi,Eunsun Kim,Kwanho Park 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04

In recent years, interest in edible insects has increased, and the number of farmers that breed insects in large quantities is increasing. As a result of mass breeding of insects, the damage from diseases and mites is also increasing. The chief aims of the investigation reached during some work are briefly stated. In this experiment, the kinds of mites and the environment of mites occurring in beneficial insects were investigated. The species with the highest frequency were Sanacassania sp., Tyrophagus sp., Canestriniidae and Gaeolaelaps sp.. Sanacassania sp. and Canestriniidae of them are reported as parasitic mites on beneficial insects.

Renal manifestations of patients with MYH9-related disorders

Han, Kyoung Hee,Lee, HyunKyung,Kang, Hee Gyung,Moon, Kyung Chul,Lee, Joo Hoon,Park, Young Seo,Ha, Il Soo,Ahn, Hyo Seop,Choi, Yong,Cheong, Hae Il Springer-Verlag 2011 Pediatric nephrology Vol.26 No.4

A Methodology for Determining the Optimal Durations of the Use of Contaminated Crops As Feedstuffs of Cattle Following a Nuclear Accident

Han,Moon-Hee,Hwang,Won-Tae,Choi,Yong-Ho,Cho,Gyuseong 대한방사선 방어학회 1999 방사선방어학회지 Vol.24 No.2

가축의 사료로서 오염 농작물의 이용에 대한 최적기간 결정 방법론을 비용-편익 분석법에 근거하여 모델링하였다. 많은 농작물의 왕성한 성장시기인 8월 15일을 방사성물질의 침적시점 (사고시점)으로 가정하여 잡식성 가축인 돼지에 대해 적용한 결과를 논의하였다. 또한 사료로서 오염 농작물의 이용에 대한 상대적 비용 효과를 고찰하기 위해 오염 농작물을 바로 폐기시켰을 경우와 순이득을 비교·논의하였다. 침적후 농작물내 방사성물질의 농도는 동적섭식경로모델 DYNACON으로 부터 예측되었다. 대응행위에 의한 순이득은 피폭선량의 금전가와 수행에 소요되는 금전적 비용에 의해 정량적으로 평가하였다. 오염 농작물을 사료로 이용함에 대한 순이득은 핵종, 농작물의 공급분율, 공급기간 등에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 사료로서 오염 농작물의 이용은 Cs 침적에 비해 Sr 또는 I 침적의 경우에 비용측면에서 보다 효과적이었다. A methodology for determining the optimal durations of the use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs of cattle was designed based on the cost-benefit analysis method. The results of applocation for pigs, an omnivorous cattle, were discussed for the hypothetical depostion of radionuclides on August 15 when a number of crops are fully developed in Korean agricultural conditions. For investigating the relative cost-effectiveness of the use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs, the net benefit was compared with the case of the direct disposal of contaminated crops. The time-dependent radionuclide concentration in crops after the deposition was predicted using a dynamic food chain model DYNACON. The net benefit from the actions was quantitatively evaluated in terms of cost equivalent of doses and monetary costs of implementing the action. It depended on a number of factors such as radionuclides, variety of crops supplied as feedstuffs and duration of the actions. The use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs was more cost effective for Sr or I deposition than for s deposition.

Quantitative Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for a Comparative Risk Estimation of Nuclear Power Plants in Korea

Han, Moon Hee,Hwang, Won Tae,Jeong, Hyo Joon,Kim, Eun Han Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2008 Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol.45 No.suppl5

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes grown on various substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Han, Jae-hee,Moon, Byung-Sik,Yang, Won-Suk,Yoo, Ji-Beom,Park, Chong-Yun,Han, In-Taek,Lee, Nae-Sung,Kim, Chong-Min,Kim, Tae-Il The Korean Vacuum Society 1999 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.3 No.2

Vertically well aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes were grown on nickel coated different substrates by plasma enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures below 650$^{\circ}C$. Acetylene and ammonia gas were used as the carbon source and a catalyst. The surface roughness of nickel layer increased as NH3 etching time increased. The diameters of the nanotubes decreased and the density of nanotubes increased as NH3 etching time increased. diameter of nanotube was 30 to 70 nm. Nickel cap was observed on the top of the grown nanotube and very thin carbon amorphous layer was fonde on the nickel cap.