감자를 이용한 제초제저항성유전자의 형질전환 및 형질전환체의 선발체계확립

하영민,유재주,이민경,김경희,김은주,이철호,이신우 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2004 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.17 No.-

A CULTURALAND SOCIALIZATION UNDERSTANDING OF CONSUMER SHOPPING MOTIVES IN THE CREATION OF STORE ATTACHMENT

Jong-Kuk Shin,MinKyung Moon,Min-Sook Park,Corey Allen Ross,Yong Ju 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07

Socialization agents are an important aspect of a consumer's tool set for determining how they interact with the market environment. These agents are traditionally thought to be members of one's family, peers, and mass media (Bush, Smith, and Martin 1999; John 1999). Research as shown how socialization agents play an important role in marketing research and how they affect attitude formation (Shin, Ross, and Moon, 2015) and brand/store switching behaviors (Shin, Park, and Ross, 2012). Culture defines social norms and forms what are acceptable or even desirable consumption goods within a society (Kaltcheva and Weitz, 2006). Through this definition, one can assume that culture likely has significant influences on a consumer’s shopping motives. Previous researches have attempted to divide culture into dimensions of vertical/horizontal and collectivism/individualism; where vertical individualism is made up of individuals who attempt to stand out from others in their uniqueness via competitive natures, a focus on success and achievements, and acquisition of power; horizontal individualism consists of individuals who tend to shun successful people as boasters and consider values of modesty respectable while retaining their individuality and personal goals apart from comparing to others around them; vertical collectivists are those who recognize a hierarchal form of society and seek to maintain the consistency of traditional authority structures within it; and horizontal collectivists hold views less related to hierarchal recognition and more related to values of equal cooperation with an honest and direct demeanor (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, and Torelli, 2006; Kurman and Sriram, 2002; Triandris and Gelfland, 1998). However, the operational items utilized in research surveys, while successful in the west, such as in the U.S., have struggled to stand out and show significance in the Korean society. This research attempts to provide more useful survey items that embrace each aspect of culture type more clearly in order to reach levels of significance and distinction that are sorely needed in this field. In South Korea, which is thought to be a predominantly collectivist culture (Hofstede, 2001; Rhee, Uleman, and Lee, 1996), a study of discount shoppers found they are inclined to shop for the purpose of socialization either because they enjoy being in a crowd or to compare their current social status level with other shoppers in the same store (Jin and Kim, 2003). Collectivist consumers tend to shop with others among their social circles and spend more time shopping (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Consumers that spend more time shopping are more proactive in obtaining information while they are shopping (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980). Risk averse shoppers attempt to increase their market knowledge (Mano and Elliott, 1997), and collectivists are thought to be more risk averse and attempt to avoid risk through various methods, such as price signaling (Shannon and Mandhachitara, 2008). In China, a largely collectivist society, consumers are quite price conscious and focused on thrifty spending habits (Kim, Forsythe, Gu, and Moon, 2002; Zhang, 2001; Weidenbaum, 1996), and they are more likely to engage in obtaining product information during shopping ventures than their individualist American counterparts (Ackerman and Tellis, 2001). Jin and Kim (2003) suggested that Korean shoppers are socially motivated to shop in order to compare their levels of accomplishments with other shoppers in the same venues. This falls in line with a competitive nature distinct in vertical culture types. Verticality in culture values is related to competition and moving up the social latter, while horizontal cultural values denote a more cooperative and passive stance on standing out (Triandis and Gelfand, 1998). It seems logical to assume that vertical culture values tend toward more hedonistic values rather than utilitarian. Utilitarian shoppers are more concerned about price competitiveness and convenience when shopping (Jin and Kim, 2003), implying that individuals of a horizontal cultural nature are more concerned with price comparison and the places that conveniently provide them with information needed to make purchase decisions in the store rather than through external information search, such as through social interactions. When shoppers lack socialization agents or collective cultures to help them make purchase decisions, they must turn to the stores themselves for assistance and information acquisition. Studies have shown that a lack of social interaction creates feelings of loneliness in elderly shoppers, whom will then turn to various mall shopping motivations, such as service consumption and diversion, in order to alleviate their loneliness (Kim, Kang, and Kim, 2005). This suggests that the shopping motivation to interact with service personnel in stores acts as a substitute for situations where socialization agents are lacking. Shopping malls have been shown to be help mitigate feelings of social isolation and emotional disconnect from society (Forman and Sriram, 1991; Mochis, 1996; Kang and Ridgway, 1996). As collectivists tend to highly desire social interactions for a variety of reasons, it is quite likely that such interactions will be a driving factor for their motivation to shop, especially when they lack the appropriate socialization agents that will provide the means to give such interactions outside of the market. Customer satisfaction leads customers to stronger emotional attachments to the stores they are satisfied with, implying that individuals form social bonds with the stores themselves; and this, in turn, increases the likelihood of these individuals becoming regular patrons (Shin and Park, 2014). There are a variety of shopping motives that have been used for studies in previous researches. In this research, we take a look at the motivations of social interaction (Tauber, 1972), information seeking (Bellenger and Korgaonkar, 1980), and price comparison (Groeppel-Klein, Thelen, and Antretter, 1999), and how they are affected by socialization agents, both personal and non-personal, as well as culture type and how they influence an individual's likelihood of emotional attachment to stores.

Mild Heating and Ultra-Sonication for High-Amylose Maize Starch to Reduce Its Gelatinized Temperature

Minkyung Shin,Chen Zhang,Seung-Taik Lim 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Measurement of contact resistance in CdSe-single-walled carbon nanotube hybrids.

Shin, Minkyung,Ahn, Juwon,Park, Taehee,Yi, Whikun American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.8

<P>The CdSe-single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) hybrids are synthesized for measuring contact resistance between CdSe quantum dots and SWNTs in two hybrid samples, i.e., spray-deposited CdSe on SWNTs, and pyrene-self assembled CdSe on SWNTs. Currents are measured through indium-tin oxide (ITO), CdSe-SWNT hybrids and the tip of conductive AFM (c-AFM) with and without light at 532 and 655 nm.</P>

Approach for Higher Education Reform by International Organizations and the Reaction of Latin America

Minkyung Shin 한국국제협력단 2022 국제개발협력 Vol.17 No.2

Higher education (HE) in Latin America has experienced explosive growth over the past half century, and countries have made their own efforts to reform HE. However, with the intervention of international organizations since the 1980s, HE in Latin America has been influenced by neoliberal ideology. In view of the gap between what Latin American society actually wanted and what international organizations required, this study examines the overall HE reform direction advocated by the latter and how Latin American countries actually accepted or rejected it, especially during the 1990s. However, since this is an introductory study, future research will need to investigate the mechanism of HE reform through external pressures and internal reactions in more depth, considering the contexts and circumstances of each country.

STAT3 Potentiates SIAH-1 Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of β-Catenin in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells

Shin, Minkyung,Yi, Eun Hee,Kim, Byung-Hak,Shin, Jae-Cheon,Park, Jung Youl,Cho, Chung-Hyun,Park, Jong-Wan,Choi, Kang-Yell,Ye, Sang-Kyu Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.11

The ${\beta}$-catenin functions as an adhesion molecule and a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of the Wnt ligand, ${\beta}$-catenin is constantly phosphorylated, which designates it for degradation by the APC complex. This process is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of ${\beta}$-catenin. The level of ${\beta}$-catenin is also controlled by the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase SIAH-1 via a phosphorylation-independent degradation pathway. Similar to ${\beta}$-catenin, STAT3 is responsible for various cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, little is known about how these molecules work together to regulate diverse cellular processes. In this study, we investigated the regulatory relationship between STAT3 and ${\beta}$-catenin in HEK293T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF-4 transcriptional activity was suppressed by phosphorylated STAT3; furthermore, STAT3 inactivation abolished this effect and elevated activated ${\beta}$-catenin levels. STAT3 also showed a strong interaction with SIAH-1, a regulator of active ${\beta}$-catenin via degradation, which stabilized SIAH-1 and increased its interaction with ${\beta}$-catenin. These results suggest that activated STAT3 regulates active ${\beta}$-catenin protein levels via stabilization of SIAH-1 and the subsequent ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of ${\beta}$-catenin in HEK293T cells.

Autophagy activation decreases AGEs in skin cells in vitro and ex vivo

( Kayoung Shin ),( Yeonjae Kim ),( Sungwoo Kim ),( Sekyoo Jeong ),( Hwa-jee Chung ),( Keedon Park ),( Sungha Hwang ),( Dayeon Song ),( Minkyung Shin ),( Dabin Jeong ),( Jeong Ho Park ) 한국피부장벽학회 2023 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.25 No.2

While the initial generation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) usually takes place in a time-lapse of hours, it is reported that the complete formation of AGEs after the rearrangement and cross-liking with other proteins requires weeks to years under physiological conditions. However, in pathological conditions such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and higher temperature, it can be accelerated up to hour-scale reaction. While AGEs can mechanically and/or biochemically alters the protein and tissue structures and functions, AGEs can also elicit downstream cellular signaling through binding to the RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). Activation of RAGE induces NF-κB and MAPK pathways and results in the release of various cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In skin, along with the direct ultraviolet irradiation, exposure to particulate matters (PMs) or smoking can also accelerate the formation of AGEs, which subsequently induces irregular pigmentation, wrinkle formation, and skin barrier dysfunction. Based on the deleterious effects of AGEs on skin aging, significant efforts have been exerted to develop anti-AGE molecules. Most of the currently available anti-AGE molecules, however, focus on the prevention of AGEs through the anti-oxidant property of molecules. Autophagy is a cellular mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis role by removing dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins. Recently, it was reported that AGEs removal can be stimulated by autophagy activator treatment in human epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, using a newly developed compound derivative with autophagy stimulating activity and anti-oxidant capacity, we investigated the modulation of AGEs formation and elimination by autophagy activator in vitro and ex vivo. In cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, high glucose- or glyoxal-induced AGEs formation was attenuated by autophagy activator treatment. Removal of BSA-AGE by keratinocytes was also accelerated by autophagy activator. Similar activities were also observed in ex vivo human skin explant model. Interestingly, epidermal expression of RAGE was also down-regulated by autophagy activator treatment. These results suggest that autophagy signaling is closely related to AGEs formation and elimination, and stimulation of autophagic flux can be a new regimen for anti-AGEs therapeutics.

1인가구의 특성에 따른 재무구조의 특징

신민경(MinKyung Shin) 한국FP학회 2014 Financial Planning Review Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 2012년도 가계금융?복지조사 자료를 이용해 우리나라 1인 가구의 특징에 따른 재무구조를 조사하고 이러한 재무구조에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성 1인 가구주가 많았으며 사별의 형태가 가장 많았고 다음으로 미혼, 이혼의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 1인 가구의 경우 자가 거주 비율은 선행 연구들을 살펴보아도 40% 미만으로 월세 등의 비율이 높아 크게 개선되지 않은 것으로 1인 가구의 주거 상태의 불안정이 계속되고 있음을 보여주었다. 셋째, 43.2%가 비취업자인 것으로 나타났는데 1인 가구의 취업상태는 매우 중요하지만 개선되지 못하고 근로빈곤화 경향이 지속되고 있다. 특히 노년층의 문제가 가장 심각한데, 노후소득보장시스템도 미비하여 노인 1인 가구가 겪게 되는 경제적 어려움은 가중되고 있는 상황이다. 넷째, 1인 가구의 다양한 형성요인은 그에 따른 다양한 복지수요를 생성하게 된다. 기존 2세대 4인 가족 중심의 정책기조는 변화해야 하는 중요한 현대 복지정책의 과제이다. 다인 가구 중심의 주거공급 정책에서 벗어난 소형주택공급 및 1인 가구의 주거비 지원정책이나 1인 가구의 취업 취약계층을 위한 정책 등을 강구해야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 1인 가구의 자산 배분구조는 금융기관의 금융상품 개발 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 소득계층에 따른 금융자산 투자목적에서 기본적인 노후 및 주거 대책이 목적이었지만 하위계층일수록 사고질병대비가 목적이었고 상위계층 중 결혼자금마련이 투자 목적으로 나타난 것과 같이 1인 가구내 계층별 특별한 요구를 찾아낼 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 다인 가구들의 선행연구들에서의 실물자산과 금융자산 비중의 기준과 1인 가구의 기준은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 실물자산의 비중이 60%미만을 기준으로 하여 안정집단으로 분류되는 다인 가구와 달리 1인 가구는 40%선 미만에서 안정 집단에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 다인 가구의 경우는 금융자산의 비중이 40% 정도여도 되지만, 1인 가구는 60%선이 금융자산으로 구성되어 있어야 안정집단에 속하는 상태이다. 따라서 향후 1인 가구 특성별로 합리적 자산배분을 통해 재무안전성을 도모하는 방안의 수립이 요구된다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 금융 시장의 마케팅 측면에서 경제력을 갖춘 1인 가구를 타겟으로 하는 전략을 세우는데 기초자료가 될 것이며, 1인 가구가 갖는 다양한 문제를 인식하여 그에 따라 변화해야 하는 정책의 수립?결정?집행의 기초자료로도 활용이 될 것이라 기대한다. This study is to study on the financial structure of one person households in Korea and on what kinds of factors affect this financial structure using the data from the 2012 survey of Household Finances and Welfare. The results of this study are as follows. First, the most of the one person households were female-headed households whose heads were widowed, followed by households whose heads were single, and were divorced. Second, as the previous study on one person households suggested, not many households owned their home, indicating that less than 40% own their home. Third, as many as 43.2% of one person households were unemployed. Although the employment is critical for one person households, their employment status has not been improved so their poverty rate remained unchanged. Especially, this situation is more severe for old people. Korea does not have sufficient social safety net, thus, the elderly one person households suffer from economic difficulties. Fourth, since the factors contributing to forming one person households are various, this requires diverse kinds of demand for welfare systems. The current government policy focusing on a conventional form of household with two generations and 4 people should be changed for fulfilling more diversified modern welfare needs. The government should put more emphasis on the supply of small houses to accommodate the needs for one person households and on employment policy to support for those households. Fifth, the results on the structure of assets of one person households can be used for basic data when the financial institutions develop financial instruments. According to the results on the purpose of investment, most households invested their money for house and for wellbeing for their later life. However, the purpose of investment was totally different by the income segmentations. For those in the lower income bracket, most households invested their money for preparing for future accident or disease. For those in the higher income bracket, the purpose of investment was mainly for funding for marriage. Thus, financial institutions should know these information and develop financial instruments that are appropriate for the different income segmentations. Sixth, the results showed that the composition of real assets and financial assets was different between one person households and multiple person households. The multiple person households were classified to a financially stable group if the proportion of real assets were below 60% of the total assets but the one person households were deemed to fall on a stable group if real assets were below 40% of the total assets. Therefore, in the future, policies to support the financial stability of one person households are needed that accommodate the different characteristics of one person households. The results of this study would provide the basic information for financial institutions when they make strategies targeting one person households. The results also would be beneficial for government for establishing, deciding and implementing the financial policies for one person households.

WO₃/NiO 상호 보완적인 구조의 전고체 전기변색 필름

신민경 ( Minkyung Shin ),이선희 ( Sun Hee Lee ),서인태 ( Intae Seo ),강형원 ( Hyung-won Kang ),한승호 ( Seung Ho Han ) 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.35 No.3

An all-solid-state electrochromic film was fabricated by laminating tungsten oxide (WO₃) and nickel oxide (NiO) thin films deposited by a reactive DC magnetron sputtering on flexible ITO films. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the crystal structure, microstructure, optical properties, and electrochromic properties of WO₃ and NiO thin films were investigated. WO₃ and NiO films showed the best electrochromic properties under the flow of Ar:O₂=80:20 and Ar:O₂=90:10, respectively. The EC film fabricated with an optimized WO₃ and NiO films showed a high coloration efficiency, a fast response time, and a stable optical modulation. It is expected that flexible EC window films will pave the way for the next-generation energy-saving windows.

Protective Effects of a New Phloretin Derivative against UVB-Induced Damage in Skin Cell Model and Human Volunteers

Shin, Seoungwoo,Kum, Hyunwoo,Ryu, Dehun,Kim, Minkyung,Jung, Eunsun,Park, Deokhoon MDPI 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.10

<P>The phenolic compound phloretin is a prominent member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones. Phloretin is specifically found in apple and apple juice and known for its biological properties. We were particularly interested in its potential dermo-cosmetic applications. However, practical limitations of phloretin do exist due to its poor water-solubility. Phloretin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid (98%, wt) and mixed with saturated salt water to produce phloretin 3',3-disulfonate in order to increase its water-solubility. Here we reported the photoprotective effect of phloretin 3',3-disulfonate (PS), a new semi-synthetic derivative of phloretin. Results showed that PS attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). The photoprotective effect of PS is tightly correlated to the enhancement of nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene expression. Furthemore, PS had inhibitory effects on UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E<SUB>2</SUB>. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of PS on human skin. Overall, the results demonstrated significant benefits of PS on the protection of keratinocytes against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.</P>