The Flow of Art as the Flow of Social Energy: A Contribute to the Relationship between Art and Social and Political Areas

( Michael Mayer ) 국제문화&예술학회 2020 국제문화예술 Vol.1 No.1

The German artist Caspar Walter Rauh (1912-1983) starts his painting in the 1930's while the threat of National Socialism began to grow. Rauh continued painting as a German Soldier in the Second World War to digest the cruelty of the war. Also in the time after the war he stays on that topic. His paintings and drawings show often fantastic landscapes with moving fantastic creatures in it. The function of Rauhs fantastic elements is to visualize the cruelty of the war. But the viewer needs a little time to identify the social and political topic of war in Rauhs paintings. But the influence of his social-political experiences in the war is designed in his works and can be seen as a flow from reality to fictional art. Those flowlines are very complex in Rauhs paintings and drawings. In this way, Art can be seen as “fields of force, place of dissension and shifting interests, occasions for the jostling of orthodox and subversive impulse [.]” like Stephen Greenblatt says it in his book “Shakespeare Negotiations”. To understand art and literatures as fields of force and discussion helps the interpretation also to involve the contemporary historical background of the knowledge about art. Therefore it is not possible to see Art and Literature as nice arts without any use for a society - a meaning, which is often discussed in the public. Against this meaning this paper will highlight the hyper thesis that there is a big influence of the social on art and literature like also a big influence of art and literature on the social. This influence shall be named after Greenblatt as “flow of social energy” between those mentioned areas. Greenblatts term will be useful in this case. This method equates all areas of society and a flow of (cultural) takes energy between them. Greenblatt's basic idea is precisely to regard art and literature as a network of different social, cultural and political discourses and thus the overall pictur3e as one of the “poetics of culture” to make it readable. Greenblatt's method allows to analyses the complex structure of relationships between art, literature, society, politics and other social or scientific disziplines. The paper will highlight those points by the example of the German artist Casapar Walter Rauh to show, how lines of social energy cross his works and how the get modified by the flow of his art.

Neurospine Endoscopic Spinal Surgery, 2nd Issue

Michael Mayer 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.sup.

Structures of Public Administrations in the age of the European Colonialism

Michael Mayer 행정언어와 질적연구학회 2013 행정언어와 질적연구 Vol.4 No.2

Simulation of Ultrasonic Stress During Impact Phase in Wire Bonding

Mayer, Michael The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2013 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.20 No.4

As thermosonic ball bonding is developed for more and more advanced applications in the electronic packaging industry, the control of process stresses induced on the integrated circuits becomes more important. If Cu bonding wire is used instead of Au wire, larger ultrasonic levels are common during bonding. For advanced microchips the use of Cu based wire is risky because the ultrasonic stresses can cause chip damage. This risk needs to be managed by e.g. the use of ultrasound during the impact stage of the ball on the pad ("pre-bleed") as it can reduce the strain hardening effect, which leads to a softer deformed ball that can be bonded with less ultrasound. To find the best profiles of ultrasound during impact, a numerical model is reported for ultrasonic bonding with capillary dynamics combined with a geometrical model describing ball deformation based on volume conservation and stress balance. This leads to an efficient procedure of ball bond modelling bypassing plasticity and contact pairs. The ultrasonic force and average stress at the bond zone are extracted from the numerical experiments for a $50{\mu}m$ diameter free air ball deformed by a capillary with a hole diameter of $35{\mu}m$ at the tip, a chamfer diameter of $51{\mu}m$, a chamfer angle of $90^{\circ}$, and a face angle of $1^{\circ}$. An upper limit of the ultrasonic amplitude during impact is derived below which the ultrasonic shear stress at the interface is not higher than 120 MPa, which can be recommended for low stress bonding.

Authors on the global Market

Michael Mayer 전북대학교 국제문화교류연구소 2013 전북대학교 국제문화교류연구소 심포지움 Vol.2013 No.12

Explaining Nondestructive Bond Stress Data From High-Temperature Testing of Au-Al Wire Bonds

McCracken, Michael James,Koda, Yusuke,Hyoung Joon Kim,Mayer, Michael,Persic, John,June Sub Hwang,Jeong-Tak Moon IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.3 No.12

<P>The application of an alternative method of bond monitoring during high-temperature aging is reported using a custom made test chip with piezoresistive integrated CMOS microsensors located around test bond pads. The sensor detects radial stresses originating from the bond pad and can resolve changes because of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation, voiding, or crack formation at the bond interface. Optimized Au ball bonds are aged for over 2000 h at 175 °C. It is found that stress sensors next to the bonds are capable of showing the stages of IMC growth, consumption of pad Al layers, and monitoring the formation of low-density and Al-rich IMC (AuAl<SUB>2</SUB>) which shows an advanced stage of aging. In particular, a first stress signal increase corresponds to the conversion of all Al above the diffusion barrier into IMCs. The second increase in stress signal after a period of stability corresponds to conversion of all Al below the barrier into IMCs. The IMC formation in these periods causes shear strength increase. After complete bond Al consumption, the bond, however, reaches maximum strength. As bond degradation starts, e.g., by lateral IMC formation, voiding, and oxide formation, as well as because of lateral pad Al transformation to IMC, the signal exhibits a strong decrease. The findings are corroborated by results obtained from classical methods such as interruptive or destructive testing including visual inspection, shear testing, cross sectioning, and by bond resistance monitoring.</P>

Pinwheel Stability in a Non-Euclidean Model of Pattern Formation in the Visual Cortex

J. Michael Herrmann,Minoru Asada,Norbert Michael Mayer,Theo Geisel 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.1I

The structure of neural maps in the primary visual cortex arises from the problem of representing a high-dimensional stimulus manifold on an essentially two-dimensional piece of cortical tissue. In order to treat the problem theoretically, stimuli are usually represented by a set of features, such as centroid position, orientation, spatial frequency, phase etc. Inputs to the cortex are, however, activity distributions over aerent nerve .bers; i.e., they require, in principle, a description as high- dimensional vectors. We study the relation between high-dimensional maps, which can be assumed to rely on a Euclidean geometry, and low-dimensional feature maps, which need to be formulated in Riemannian space in order to represent high-dimensional maps to a good accuracy. We show numerically that the Riemannian framework allows for a suggestive explanation of the abundance of typical structural units (\pinwheels") in feature maps emerging in the course of the adaptation process from an initially unstructured state.0

Authors on the global Market

진상범,Michael Mayer 차세대컨버전스정보서비스학회 2013 차세대컨버전스정보서비스기술논문지 Vol.2 No.2

The relationship between literature and Globalization becomes more and more important. But is not easy to say, how literature can deal with those global problems. The paper wants to focus and describe the mentioned relationship by being concentrated on the movements of the literary works in the global field and on the strategies behind the works. To reach this aim the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu (1992) shall be used. The theory allows to generate a new perspective on literature in the global field, because the author will be seen as a salesman how offers his products (texts) on the global market. Therefore the paper will first have a look on Johann Wolfgang Goethes Term “Weltliteratur” (“world literature”) and go on with the contemporary German poets Ingrid Drewing, Hasan Özdemir, the German novelist Alexander Campus and Korean novelists Mirok Lee and Kyung-sook Shin. All of the authors give special contributes to the relationship between literature and globalization. It is not the aim of this writing to give detailed analyses of the literary works furthermore it is about to describe, how writers and literary texts find its place on a global market.

Local Signs and Symptoms in Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection: A Single Centre Cohort Study

Lukas Mayer,Christian Boehme,Thomas Toell,Benjamin Dejakum,Johann Willeit,Christoph Schmidauer,Klaus Berek,Christian Siedentopf,Elke Ruth Gizewski,Gudrun Ratzinger,Stefan Kiechl,Michael Knoflach 대한뇌졸중학회 2019 Journal of stroke Vol.21 No.1

.

Analysis of Postoperative Pain at the Anterior Iliac Crest Harvest Site: A Prospective Study of the Intraoperative Local Administration of Ropivacaine

Juliane Zenner,Wolfgang Hitzl,Michael Mayer,Heiko Koller 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.1

Study Design: This was a prospective randomized comparative study. Purpose: The aim of this study was to objectify donor site-related pain following anterior iliac crest graft harvesting, in patients who have undergone multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDFP); and to assess the effect of an intraoperative local single injection of ropivacaine on postoperative pain. Overview of Literature: Multilevel ACDFP can be associated with a high non-union rate. Autogenous iliac bone has been used to increase union rates, although a high incidence of donor site-related pain has been reported. Methods: Forty consecutive patients who required 3-level or 4-level ACDFP were prospectively assessed for donor site-related pain. Pain levels were assessed daily for five days postoperative using the visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were randomly assigned to group A or B. In group A patients, 7–10 mL of ropivacaine (0.2%) was injected into the iliac crest after iliac crest graft harvesting. Morphine usage via patient controlled analgesia was calculated. At six months postoperative, patient complaints at the harvest site were documented. Results: Patients were randomly assigned to group A or B. In group A, ropivacaine was locally administered at the site of the iliac crest graft harvest after fascia closure. In group B, no additional treatments were administered. The average patient age in group A was 56±7.6 years, whereas the average age of patients in group B was 52.6±10.4 years. Group A had an average of 0.6±0.7 previous surgeries per patient, whereas group B had an average of 0.8±1.0 previous surgeries per patient. The average number of levels fused in group A was 3.6±0.7, whereas the average number of levels fused in group B was 3.7±0.9 (all p >0.05). In group A, the mean ropivacaine volume administered was 8.4±1.5 mL. No patient complaints regarding chronic pain, were reported six months postoperatively. No complications were encountered from the harvest site, and all patients underwent successful 3-level and 4-level ACDFP. Statistical analysis showed significant differences for VAS on postoperative day 1 (p =0.004) and day 2 (p =0.005). Conclusions: VAS assessment showed overall moderate perioperative morbidity in terms of donor site-related pain, which was reduced by administering ropivacaine.