http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Michael Kpughe Lang 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2019 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.7 No.1
This article analyzes the role of the Justice and Peace Commission (JPC) of the Archdiocese of Bamenda in the management and prevention of inter-ethnic conflicts in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. It demonstrates that the active participation of this institution in peacebuilding is marked by partial success. There is much belief in the capacity of faith-based institutions to manage conflicts. However, evidence on the role of this Catholic Commission in terms of engagement and mediation in peacebuilding among warring ethnic communities is not encouraging. While its dialogue approach has significantly checked violence, its Peace Education Programme has failed to build an entrenched culture of peace. It operates in a context of significant obstacles and direly needs to beef up its operations.
Galectin-3 Reflects the Echocardiographic Grades of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Uzair Ansari,Michael Behnes,Julia Hoffmann,Michele Natale,Christian Fastner,Ibrahim El-Battrawy,Jonas Rusnak,김승현,Siegfried Lang,Ursula Hoffmann,Thomas Bertsch,Martin Borggrefe,Ibrahim Akin 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.4
Background: The level of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) protein purportedly reflects an ongoing cardiac fibrotic process and has been associated with ventricular remodeling, which is instrumental in the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of Gal-3 in improved characterization of the grades of diastolic dysfunction as defined by echocardiography. Methods: Seventy HFpEF patients undergoing routine echocardiography were prospectively enrolled in the present monocentric study. Blood samples for measurements of Gal-3 and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected within 24 hours pre- or post-echocardiographic examination. The classification of patients into subgroups based on diastolic dysfunction grade permitted detailed statistical analyses of the derived data. Results: The Gal-3 serum levels of all patients corresponded to echocardiographic indices, suggesting HFpEF (E/A, P =0.03 and E/E’, P =0.02). Gal-3 was also associated with progressive diastolic dysfunction, and increased levels corresponded to the course of disease (P =0.012). Detailed analyses of ROC curves suggested that Gal-3 levels could discriminate patients with grade III diastolic dysfunction (area under the curve [AUC]=0.770, P =0.005). Conclusions: Gal-3 demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in the diagnosis of patients suffering from severe grade diastolic dysfunction. Increasing levels of Gal-3 possibly reflect the progressive course of HFpEF, as classified by the echocardiographic grades of diastolic dysfunction.
Zhao, Xueyan Y.,Zi-Qiang Lang,Gyuhae Park,Farrar, Charles R.,Todd, Michael D.,Zhu Mao,Worden, Keith IEEE 2015 IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics Vol.20 No.4
<P>In this paper, a new transmissibility analysis method is proposed for the detection and location of damage via nonlinear features in multidegree-of-freedom (MDOF) structural systems. The method is derived based on the transmissibility of nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs), a concept recently proposed to extend the traditional transmissibility concept to the nonlinear case. The implementation of the method is only based on measured system output responses and by evaluating and analyzing the transmissibility of these system responses at super-harmonics. This overcomes the problems with available techniques, which assume there is one damaged component with nonlinear features in the system and/or require loading on inspected structural systems is measurable. Both numerical simulation studies and experimental data analysis have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and demonstrate the potential practical applications of the new method.</P>
Karol, Meryl H.,Matheson, Joanna M.,Lange, Robert W.,Lemus, Ranulfo,Luster, Michael I. The Korean Society of Toxicology Korea Environment 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is widely used in the manufacture of polyurethanes and is a recognized cause of occupational asthma. Although extensive investigations have been undertaken, the molecular mechanism(s) of the disease is still unclear. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines are required during both the sensitization and elicitation phases of the disease and have utilized TNF-R knock-out (KO) mice to address the hypothesis. Black C57 TNFR knock-out mice were exposed to TDI by sc injection and challenged by inhalation of 100 ppb TDI vapor. Control animals included: wild type C57 animals, sham-exposed animals that were challenged with TDI, and animals that were injected with anti-TNF antibodies prior to sensitization and again prior to challenge. Total IgE was increased in the knock-out animals compared with the wild type sensitized and challenged animals whereas TDI-specific IgG antibodies did not differ significantly in KO and wild type animals. There was less inflammation in the nares and trachea in KO animals compared with the wild type animals exposed to TD1 as well as less goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial damage. Airway reactivity was assessed in animals treated with anti-TNF$\alpha$ antibody and found to be substantially reduced compared with that in sensitized and challenged animals. These results indicate that TNF$\alpha$ plays a role in the immunologic and physiologic responses and in airways inflammation in this animal model and suggests a role for TNF in occupational asthma due to TDI.
Enhanced Critical Temperature in a Dual-Layered Molecular Superconductor
Schlueter, John A.,Wiehl, Leonore,Park, Hyunsoo,de Souza, Mariano,Lang, Michael,Koo, Hyun-Joo,Whangbo, Myung-Hwan American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.46
<P>Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has shown that the high-critical-temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>c</SUB>) phase of the filamentary molecular superconductor (BEDT-TTF)<SUB>2</SUB>Ag(CF<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>(1,1,2-trichloroethane) [BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] contains layers of BEDT-TTF radical cations with alternating κ- and α′-type packing motifs. This molecule-based superconductor with dual BEDT-TTF packing motifs has a <I>T</I><SUB>c</SUB> five times higher than that of its polymorph that contains only κ-type packing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-46/ja105854m/production/images/medium/ja-2010-05854m_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja105854m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja105854m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
( Johannes F. Plate ),( John S. Shields ),( Maxwell K. Langfitt ),( Michael P. Bolognesi ),( Jason E. Lang ),( Thorsten M. Seyler ) 대한고관절학회 2017 Hip and Pelvis Vol.29 No.4
Purpose: The Paprosky classification system of acetabular defects is complex and its reliability has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different radiologic imaging modalities in classifying acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and their value of at different levels of training. Materials and Methods: Bone defects in 8 revision THAs were classified by 2 fellowship-trained adult reconstruction surgeons. A timed presentation with representative images for each case (X-ray, two-dimensional computed tomography [CT] and three-dimensional [3D] reconstructions) was shown to 35 residents from the first postgraduate year of training year of training (PGY-1 to PGY-5), 2 adult reconstruction fellows and 2 attending orthopaedic surgeons. The Paprosky classification of bone defects was recorded. The influence of image modality and level of training on classification were analyzed using chi-square analysis (alpha=0.05). Results: Overall correct classification was 30%. The level of training had no influence on correct classification (P=0.531). Using X-ray led to 37% correctly identified defects, CT scans to 33% and 3D reconstructions to 20% of correct answers (P<0.001). There was no difference in correct classification based defect type (P<0.001). Regardless of level of training or imaging, 64% of observers recognized type 1 defects, compared to only 16% correct recognition of type 3B defects. Conclusion: Using plain X-rays led to an increased number of correct classification, while regular CT scan and 3D CT reconstructions did not improve accuracy. The classification system of acetabular defects can be used for treatment decisions; however, advanced imaging may not improve its utilization.