Protein nanoparticles directed cancer imaging and therapy

Miao Yao,Yang Tao,Yang Shuxu,Yang Mingying,Mao Chuanbin 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.2

Cancer has been a serious threat to human health. Among drug delivery carriers, protein nanoparticles are unique because of their mild and environmentally friendly preparation methods. They also inherit desired characteristics from natural proteins, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, they have solved some problems inherent to inorganic nanocarriers such as poor biocompatibility. Also, the surface groups and cavity of protein nanoparticles allow for easy surface modification and drug loading. Besides, protein nanoparticles can be combined with inorganic nanoparticles or contrast agents to form multifunctional theranostic platforms. This review introduces representative protein nanoparticles applicable in cancer theranostics, including virus-like particles, albumin nanoparticles, silk protein nanoparticles, and ferritin nanoparticles. It also describes the common methods for preparing them. It then critically analyzes the use of a variety of protein nanoparticles in improved cancer imaging and therapy.

Prognostic Value of TP53 Mutation for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Failure/Refractoriness in HBV-Related Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Miao Xue,Yanqin Wu,Wenzhe Fan,Jian Guo,Jialiang Wei,Hongyu Wang,Jizhou Tan,Yu Wang,Wang Yao,Yue Zhao,Jiaping Li 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.3

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features and mutational landscape of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related advanced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Materials and Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, 38 patients newly diagnosed with HBV-related advanced HCC were enrolled in the final analysis. Their pathological tissues and corresponding blood samples before TACE treatment were collected for whole-exome sequencing. Response to TACE was evaluated at 1-3 months after two consecutive use of TACE. Predictive factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses in a bivariate Logistic regression model. Enrichment of related pathways of all driver genes were acquired using the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Among 38 patients, 23 (60.5%) exhibited TACE failure/refractoriness. Patients with TACE failure/refractoriness showed higher frequency of TP53 mutation than their counterparts (p=0.020). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only vascular invasion and TP53mutation were significantly correlated with TACE failure/refractoriness in HBV-related advanced HCC. Of the 16 patients without vascular invasion, eight (50.0%) had TP53 mutations, and TP53mutation was associated with TACE failure/refractoriness (p=0.041). Moreover, GSEA showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis pathways induced by TP53 mutation were possibly associated with TACE failure/refractoriness. Conclusion Our study suggested that TP53 mutation was independently related with TACE efficacy, which may work via mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis pathways. These findings may provide evidence to help distinguish patients who will particularly benefit from TACE from those who require more personalized therapeutic regimens and rigorous surveillance in HBV-related advanced HCC.

VvMYBA6 in the promotion of anthocyanin biosynthesis and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis

Miao Sun,Xin-Xin Feng,Jian-Jie Ga,Ri-He Peng,Quan-Hong Yao,Liang-Ju Wang 한국식물생명공학회 2017 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.11 No.5

Transcription factor MYB is a critical factor involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress resistance of plants. This paper reports the functions of codon-optimized transcription factor VvMYBA6 expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. VvMYBA6 overexpression resulted in significant increase of anthocyanin content, which also enhanced salt and mannitol tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Besides, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that overexpression of VvMYBA6 promoted the expression level of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis, proline synthesis, stress responses and ROS scavenging under salt and mannitol stress. According to further analysis under salt and mannitol stress, overexpression of VvMYBA6 significantly increased ABA and proline content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), as well as reduced the content of H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA). The results demonstrated that the overexpression of VvMYBA6 enhanced salt and mannitol tolerance based on increasing synthetic levels of anthocyanin and ABA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, the overexpression of VvMYBA6 could be widely used in promoting salt tolerance in plants.

Effects of Thermobifida fusca Cutinase-carbohydrate-binding Module Fusion Proteins on Cotton Bioscouring

Yao Zhang,Sheng Chen,Miao He,Jing Wu,Jian Chen,Qiang Wang 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.4

Previously, we presented a novel approach for increasing Thermobifida fusca cutinase adsorption on cotton fibers by fusing cutinase with a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). A preliminary study showed that two fusion proteins,namely cutinase-CBM_(Cel6A) and cutinase-CBM_(CenA),with similar stabilities and catalytic properties, had potential applications in bioscouring. In the present study, an indepth analysis of both cutinase-CBMs in bioscouring was explored. Effects of cutinase-CBMs on cotton bioscouring were investigated by characterizing the chemical and physical surface changes in enzyme-treated cotton fabrics. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the degradation of the cotton fabric cuticle; Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to study changes in the chemical composition of the cotton fabric epidermal layer; and scanning electron microscopy was used to monitor minor changes in the morphology of the fiber surface. Our results indicated that cutinase-CBMs in combination with pectinase had a greater effect on cotton fabric than did cutinase. Following scouring with cutinase-CBMs and pectinase, the performance of cotton fabric in terms of its wettability and dyeability was similar to that following alkali scouring. Our study provides a foundation for the further application of cutinase-CBM to bioscouring.

Research on the Dispersion Coefficient Measurement System based on CCD Imaging Automatic Alignment Technology

Cao Miao,Yao Qinghua 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.6

In order to measure the dispersion coefficient of glass and other transparent material rapidly and accurately, the paper studies the dispersion coefficient measurement system based on CCD imaging automatic alignment technology. On the basis of consideration of the air refractive index impacting on the measurement accuracy of dispersion coefficient, this paper rebuilds the mathematical model by the traditional dispersion coefficient measurement formula. Using the measuring angle technology of precision grating, the paper realizes the digital measurement of deflection angle of refracted ray. Sub-pixel edge detection algorithm is adopted to realize the automatic alignment of double line to single line, which has reduced artificial error of the dispersion coefficient in the measurement process. Finally, the paper combined the multichannel small collimator designed technology and the modern control technology to achieve the high precision measurement of refractive index. Demarcating the measurement system by known dispersion coefficient of optical glass, testing results and error of standard is less than ±2.3×10-6 absolutely.

Separation of Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Broth by Expanded Bed Adsorption with Mixed-mode Adsorbent

Lu Miao-Hua,Lin Dong-Qiang,Wu Yuan-Chun,Yun Jun-Xian,Mei Le-He,Yao Shan-Jing The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.2

Mixed-mode hydrophobic/ionic matrices exhibit a salt-tolerant property for adsorbing target protein from high-ionic strength feedstock, which allows the application of undiluted feedstock via an expanded bed process. In the present work, a new type of mixed-mode adsorbent designed for expanded bed adsorption, Fastline $PRO^{\circledR}$, was challenged for the capture of nattokinase from the high ionic fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis. Two important factors, pH and ion concentration, were investigated with regard to the performance of nattokinase ad-sorption. Under initial fermentation broth conditions (pH 6.6 and conductivity of 10 mS/cm) the adsorption capacity of nattokinase with Fastline PRO was high, with a maximum capacity of 5,350 U/mL adsorbent. The elution behaviors were investigated using packed bed adsorption experiments, which demonstrated that the effective desorption of nattokinase could be achieved by effecting a pH of 9.5. The biomass pulse response experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the biomass/adsorbent interactions between Bacillus subtilis cells and Fastline PRO, and to demonstrate a stable expanded bed in the feedstock containing Bacillus subtilis cells. Finally, an EBA process, utilizing mixed-mode Fastline PRO adsorbent, was optimized to capture nattokinase directly from the fermentation broth. The purification factor reached 12.3, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the mixed-mode EBA in enzyme separation.

A Self-Tuning Notch Filter Based Hybrid Active Damper for LCLType Grid-Tied Inverters with Adaptability to Weak Grids

Zheyu Miao,Sun Long,Wenxi Yao,Zhengyu Lu 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

LCL-filters are widely used in grid-tied converters for improved attenuations and lower costs. To prevent instability, the LCL resonance peak needs to be damped by the active dampers that avoid the dissipations but increase the control complexity. In the weak grid, the harmonic currents and the grid impedance variations make the control become more complicated and difficult. The influence of the harmonic currents and the grid impedance in parallel system is researched in this paper. Then, a selftuning notch filter (STNF) is introduced, and the resonance peak identification process implemented in digital controller is proposed in detailed. The consumption and tracking error of the STNF are analyzed guaranteeing an effective design. By adopting the STNF, the local maximum gain frequency is estimated online in response to the grid inductance variations. The construction as well as optimal design principles of the hybrid active damper are proposed in detail. To further reject the harmonic voltage effects, a PR regulator with a harmonic compensation controller is adopted. A step-by-step example design of the controller is illustrated in detail. The online implementation in DSP controllers and the digitization influence of the proposed method are also amply discussed. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research on the Dispersion Coefficient Measurement System based on CCD Imaging Automatic Alignment Technology

Cao Miao,Yao Qinghua 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.7

In order to measure the dispersion coefficient of glass and other transparent material rapidly and accurately, the paper studies the dispersion coefficient measurement system based on CCD imaging automatic alignment technology. On the basis of consideration of the air refractive index impacting on the measurement accuracy of dispersion coefficient, this paper rebuilds the mathematical model by the traditional dispersion coefficient measurement formula. Using the measuring angle technology of precision grating, the paper realizes the digital measurement of deflection angle of refracted ray. Sub-pixel edge detection algorithm is adopted to realize the automatic alignment of double line to single line, which has reduced artificial error of the dispersion coefficient in the measurement process. Finally, the paper combined the multichannel small collimator designed technology and the modern control technology to achieve the high precision measurement of refractive index. Demarcating the measurement system by known dispersion coefficient of optical glass, testing results and error of standard is less than ±2.3×10-6 absolutely.

Environmental Information Disclosure and Financial Constraint

Sheng Yao,Yuan Hong,Chen-Miao Lin 한국증권학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.48 No.5

Using the introduction of Measures for the Disclosure of Environment Information (MDEI) in China, we investigate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firms’ financial constraints. We find that cash-cash flow sensitivity decreases by 13.33% after the implementation of MDEI and that an increase of one point in the disclosure quality score results in an estimated reduction of 0.86% in cash-cash flow sensitivity. We further find that the negative association between disclosure quality and cash-cash flow sensitivity is more pronounced for high-polluting firms, as well as for firms with effective internal control. Our study highlights the importance of a government environmental policy in emerging markets.

The Design of All Fiber Laser Heterodyne Detection System

Cao Miao,Cui Wenjie,Yao Qinghua 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.5

The traditional method of heterodyne detection is improved in this paper based on the principle of laser heterodyne detection. The laser heterodyne detection system is designed with all-fiber laser radar in all fiber system, and the laser, the optical system, the receiving device and so on are connected via the passive component. The system can mix the local oscillation light with signal light of measured object information in the photodetector surface, and the difference frequency signal is obtained. Then the signal is filtered and amplified by the signal processing technique to eliminate the DC component, and the desired difference frequency signal is obtained. Through the analysis of the performance of all fiber laser heterodyne detection system, the system has a strong ability to detect weak signal, high conversion gain and signal to noise ratio, and has a good filtering effect. The system is very suitable for the application of laser ranging and so on.