Evaluation of Bio-Control Efficacy of Trichoderma Strains against Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Blight of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]

Md. Ahsanur Rahman,Md. Arifur Rahman,Zakiah Rahman Moni,Mohammad Anisur Rahman 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2020 Journal of Forest Science Vol.36 No.3

Ashwagandha is an important ancient medicinal crops, being affected with many diseases, among which leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become the constraint resulting in huge yield losses. Continuous usage of chemical methods leads to environment, soil and water pollution. Whereas biological control of diseases is long lasting, inexpensive, eco-friendly and harmless to target organisms. In this context, it is aimed to evaluate five Trichoderma strains viz. Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 as bio-control efficacy against A. alternata and growth promoting effect in Ashwagandha. All the Trichoderma strains had varied antagonistic effects against the pathogen. In dual culture technique, the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 showed maximum percentage inhibition of mycelial growth (54.89%) followed by T. harzianum IMI-392432 (53.83%), T. harzianum IMI-392434 (48.94%) and T. virens IMI-392430, (43.62%) against the pathogen, while the least inhibition percentage was observed with the T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (36.60%). The culture filtrate of the Trichoderma strain, T. harzianum IMI-392433 recorded highest inhibition on the mycelial growth (39.05%) and spore germination (80.77%) of pathogen and the lowest was recorded in T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (20.45 and 50%). Moreover, seeds treated with spore suspension of the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 reduced the percentages of disease severity index significantly. The strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 also significantly increased seed germination %, seedling vigor and growth of Ashwagandha. The correlation matrix showed that root yield per plant of Ashwagandha had significant and positive correlation with plant height (r=0.726**), number of leaf (r=0.514**), number of primary branch (r=0.820**), number of secondary branch (r=0.829**), fresh plant weight (r=0.887**), plant dry weight (r=0.613**), root length (r=0.824**), root diameter (r=0.786**), root dry weight (r=0.739**) and fresh root weight (r=0.731**). The significant and negative correlation (r=-0.336**) was observed with the root yield and percentages of disease severity index. The study recognized that the T. harzianum IMI-392433 strain performed well in inhibiting the mycelial growth and reduced the percentages of disease severity index of pathogen as well as increased the plant growth in Ashwagandha.

An in-silico approach to design potential siRNAs against the ORF57 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Rahman, Anisur,Gupta, Shipan Das,Rahman, Md. Anisur,Tamanna, Saheda Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.4

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the few human oncogenic viruses, which causes a variety of malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus patients. The currently available treatment options cannot always prevent the invasion and dissemination of this virus. In recent times, siRNA-based therapeutics are gaining prominence over conventional medications as siRNA can be designed to target almost any gene of interest. The ORF57 is a crucial regulatory protein for lytic gene expression of KSHV. Disruption of this gene translation will inevitably inhibit the replication of the virus in the host cell. Therefore, the ORF57 of KSHV could be a potential target for designing siRNA-based therapeutics. Considering both sequence preferences and target site accessibility, several online tools (i-SCORE Designer, Sfold web server) had been utilized to predict the siRNA guide strand against the ORF57. Subsequently, off-target filtration (BLAST), conservancy test (fuzznuc), and thermodynamics analysis (RNAcofold, RNAalifold, and RNA Structure web server) were also performed to select the most suitable siRNA sequences. Finally, two siRNAs were identified that passed all of the filtration phases and fulfilled the thermodynamic criteria. We hope that the siRNAs predicted in this study would be helpful for the development of new effective therapeutics against KSHV.

Characteristics of bovine pulmonary parasites in Bangladesh

Rahman, A. K. M. Anisur,Begum, Nurjahan,Rahman, Md Siddiqur,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

In a cross-sectional abattoir survey of bovine pulmonary diseases in Mymensingh, during September 2001 to April 2002, subclinical Dictyocaulus viviparous infection was found in mesoendemic level in Bangladeshi adult zebu cattle. The number of mature lung worms varied from $1{\sim}18$ in individual lungs. One to five mature lung worms were most frequent (74.2%) followed by 6 to 10(19.3%) and $11{\sim}18$ (6.5%). Of the total 123 mature worms collected from 31 lungs, there were 50 (40.7%) male and 73 (59.3%) female worms. The female lungworms (mean length 14.41mm) were significantly (P<0.01) larger than the male lungworms (mean length 11.28mm). The number of hydatid cysts varied from $1{\sim}80$ in individual lungs. One to five ($1{\sim}5$) cysts were recorded most commonly (76.0%) followed by $11{\sim}80$ (20.0%) and $6{\sim}10$ (4%). The size (diameter) of the hydatid cysts ranged from $2{\sim}12cm$. Of the total 203 hydatid cysts collected from 31 lungs 45 (22.2%) cysts were fertile and 158 (77.8%) cyst were sterile.

Hollow silica nanosphere having functionalized interior surface with thin manganese oxide layer: nanoreactor framework for size-selective Lewis acid catalysis

Anisur, Rahman Md,Shin, Jongmin,Choi, Hyung Ho,Yeo, Kyung Min,Kang, Eun Joo,Lee, In Su Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.47

<P>A novel selective nanoscale etching process that generated a well defined hollow nanostructure was developed by treating manganese oxide nanoparticles with a hydroxylamine solution. This selective etching process was used for exploiting a novel method of differentially functionalizing the internal surface of a hollow silica shell with a catalytically active Mn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> layer and creating a novel nanoreactor framework. The nanoreactor fabricated by the newly developed method catalyzed the cyanosilylation reactions of various aromatic aldehydes with size and shape selectivity. Moreover, the substrate selectivity in the cyanosilylation reactions was efficiently tuned by modifying the outer silica shell with silane coupling reagents.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Nanoscale etching process generated a nanoreactor framework, consisting of a hollow and porous silica shell and a functionalized interior surface with Mn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> layer, which catalyzes cyanosilylation reactions with size selectivity. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm02647f'> </P>

Pulmonary diseases in slaughtered cattle 4. Pathology of pulmonary lesions

Rahman Akm Anisur,Nooruddin Md,Hossain M Mokbul,Rahman M Siddiqur,Hossain Mohammad Arif,Song Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2006 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

A study of pulmonary diseases in the slaughtered cattle (n = 125) of Mymensingh town was conducted to study pathological findings using the standard methods from September 2001 through April 2002. The pulmonary lesions observed in this study included congestion, emphysema, anthracosis, pleuritis abscess and hemorrhage. The histopathological findings of congestion were characterized by hemorrhage, a large number of leukocytes infiltration in the lumen of the alveoli, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelia. Histopathologically, emphysema was identified by the distended alveoli with thin and atrophied alveolar walls. In anthracosis, carbon particles were found in stroma and alveolar lumen. In pleuritic lesions, there was a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue along with the infiltration of mononuclear reactive cells. Abscesses were characteristic of the accumulation of neutrophils surrounded by immature fibroblasts forming a capsule like structure.

Seroprevalence of specific Brucella infection of cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinics and its surrounding areas

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Alam, Nur,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Huque, A.K.M. Fazlul,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinics, in BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali from June 2008 to November 2008. A total of 200 serum samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, from BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali. Among the serum samples 143 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, 42 serum samples from BAU Dairy Farm and 15 serum samples from Vabokhali. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with specific Brucella abortus antigen (BAA) test and B. melitensis antigen (BMA) test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% in BAA and 0.5% in BMA. It was observed that, a significant higher prevalence of B. abortus was found in female than male. An insignificant higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult cattle (aged above 5 years), in cross breed cattle, in cattle with grazing, cattle breed by natural breeding, and in pregnant cows. Although insignificant but a higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in aged cattle than young cattle, cross bred cattle, pregnant cattle than non pregnant cattle, cattle with grazing. A higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in female cattle than male.

Tube agglutination test is superior than other serological tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in small ruminants

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Jahan, Nusrat,Hossain, Mohammad Arif,Uddin, M.J.,Shil, Niraj Kanti,Islam, KBM Saiful,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Brucella spp. are small, non-motile Gram-negative coccobacilli known to cause disease in a number of vertebrate species including humans and brucellosis is one of the world's major zoonoses, alongside bovine tuberculosis and rabies. There are about 33.55 million goats and 1.16 million sheep in Bangladesh. The sheep and goats can significantly play an important role in the economic well being of the resource-poor farmer in Bangladesh. Sexually matured 362 female small ruminants(300 goats and 62 sheep) were examined. Approximately 3-5 ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein of each animal and sera samples were prepared. Samples were then tested for brucellosis by using Rose Bengal test(RBT), plate agglutination test(PAT) and tube agglutination test(TAT). Among 362 small ruminants, irrespective of species(sheep or goat), diagnosed highest in TAT, 2.21%(n=8) and lowest both by RBT & PAT, 1.93%(n=7) and it is concluded that TAT is superior than RBT and PAT.

Prevalence of Canine Influenza Infection in Pet Dogs and Canine Parvovirus Infection in Street Dogs of Bangladesh

Md. Kumrul Hassan,Faizul Wasima Nahat,Palash Kumar Bhattacharjee,Md Siddiqur Rahman,A K M Anisur Rahman,Md Ariful Islam,Mahmuda Akter Mele,채준석 한국임상수의학회 2017 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.34 No.3

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of canine influenza (CI) infection in pet dogs and canine parvovirus (CPV) infection in street dogs of different age and sex by collecting rectal and nasal swab samples from three districts, Dhaka, Mymensingh and Sirajgonj, in Bangladesh using a RapiGEN® Canine Influenza Virus Ag Test kit and RapiGEN® Canine Parvovirus Ag Test Kit. Out of 114 rectal swabs and 115 nasal swab samples, the overall prevalence of CI and CPV was found to be 11.30% and 32.45%, respectively. The prevalence of parvovirus infection was found to be significantly higher in puppies and dogs 6 months of age (50.0%) than those > 24 months of age (p = 0.005). The prevalence was also higher in males (34.42%) than females (30.18%). The prevalence of CI was higher (30.43%) in dogs up to 6 months of age (p = 0.011) than 6-12 month (7.93%) and 12-18 month (6.66%) old dogs. Moreover, the prevalence of CI was found to be higher in males (16.10%) than females (5.66%). The prevalence of CPV infection also varied significantly in different study areas (p = 0.0029), with 12.72%, 12.5% and 7.14% of dogs found to be CI positive in Dhaka, Mymensingh and Sirajgonj, respectively. Overall, the highest prevalence of CI was found in local breeds (6.08%) followed by German shepherds and Keeshonds (1.73%), and Bloodhounds and Terriers (0.86%). Additionally, there were more positive CI found in unvaccinated dogs (14.81%) than vaccinated (2.94%) dogs. Dogs with flu-like symptoms were more positive (19.23%) for CI relative to those without flu-like symptoms (4.76%) samples. Overall, the results of this study indicate that canine vaccination should be initiated to prevent the occurrence of diseases and that regular monitoring should be continued in Bangladesh.

Seroprevalence of specific Brucella infection of cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinics and its surrounding areas

( Md Siddiqur Rahman ),( Nur Alam ),( AKM Anisur Rahman ),( AKM Fazlul Huque ),( Md Shamim Ahasan ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국가축위생학회 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinics, in BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali from June 2008 to November 2008. A total of 200 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, from BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali. Among the sera samples 143 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, 42 sera samples from BAU Dairy Farm and 15 sera samples from Vabokhali. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with specific Brucella abortus antigen (BAA) test and B. melitensis antigen (BMA) test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was found in cattle is 5% in BAA and 0.5% in BMA. It is observed that, a significant higher prevalence of B. abortus was found in female than male. An insignificant higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult cattle (aged above 5 years), in cross breed cattle, in cattle with grazing, cattle breed by natural breeding, in pregnant cows. Although insignificant but a higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in aged cattle than young, cross bred cattle, pregnant cattle than non pregnant cattle, cattle with grazing. A higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in female cattle than male.

Short communication : Tube agglutination test is superior than other serological tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in small ruminants

( Md. Siddiqur Rahman ),( Nusrat Jahan ),( Mohammad Arif Hossain ),( M. J. Uddin ),( Niraj Kanti Shil ),( KBM Saiful Islam ),( Md. Shamim Ahasan ),( A. K. M. Anisur Rahman ),( Hee Jong Song ) 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Brucella spp. are small, non-motile Gram-negative coccobacilli known to cause disease in a number of vertebrate species including humans and brucellosis is one of the world`s major zoonoses, alongside bovine tuberculosis and rabies. There are about 33.55 million goats and 1.16 million sheep in Bangladesh. The sheep and goats can significantly play an important role in the economic well being of the resource-poor farmer in Bangladesh. Sexually matured 362 female small ruminants (300 goats and 62 sheep) were examined. Approximately 3-5ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein of each animal and sera samples were prepared. Samples were then tested for brucellosis by using Rose Bengal test(RBT), plate agglutination test(PAT) and tube agglutination test(TAT). Among 362 small ruminants, irrespective of species(sheep or goat), diagnosed highest in TAT, 2.21%(n=8) and lowest both by RBT & PAT, 1.93%(n=7) and it is concluded that TAT is superior than RBT and PAT.