日本語母語話者はどのように断るか ― アンケート結果の親疎関係と状況に焦点を当てて ―

MATSUKI RYOKO,시부야 마사에 한국일어교육학회 2024 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.67

本稿は、日本語母語話者(大学生)を対象に、食事に誘われた際にどのように断るのか、というアンケートを行い、その回答を分析・考察した。友人関係である場合の親疎関係および、断る際の状況に焦点を絞り、1)断る際に「ちょっと…」という理由や結論のない曖昧な断り表現を実際に使用しているのか、2)母語話者が断る際の理由の有無、3)親疎関係や状況によって断り方に異同が見られるのか、という3点について分析を行った。 まず、断る際の「ちょっと…」という表現については、先約はないが行きたくないという状況で、特に相手と親しくない関係においてのみ「断り」として使用することがあるという結果となった。次に、断る際に理由を言うのか否かという点については、状況や親疎関係に係わらず、理由を述べる割合が全体的に高いことが分かった。これまでの先行研究や今回の結果から、理由を述べて断ることは母語話者・学習者の両者にとって好ましい対応であることが示唆された。さらに、理由を述べずに断る場合、「詫び」が親疎関係や状況に係わらず割合が高く、断る際の一種の定型表現になっているということが分かった。最後に、親疎関係や状況によって断り方が異なるのかという点については、特に親しい友人に対して断る際に、状況によって断り方の違いがあることが確認できた。 これらより、「ちょっと…」という断り表現を韓国人学習者に対して指導する際には、安易に断り表現として扱うのではなく、指導法についての工夫が必要であるといえる。 This article surveyed native Japanese speakers (university students) on how they decline dinner invitations and analyzed their responses, focusing on relationship intimacy levels and refusal situations. Three main aspects were examined: 1) the use of the phrase “Chotto...” as an ambiguous refusal expression without providing reasons or conclusions, 2) whether reasons are provided when declining, and 3) differences in refusal strategies based on relationship dynamics and situations. Primarily, the phrase “Chotto...” was revealed that individuals sometimes used it to decline invitations when they were not previously committed and simply did not wish to attend, particularly when they were not close. Subsequently, upon analyzing whether individuals provided reasons for their refusals, it was observed that a high percentage of respondents cited reasons regardless of the situation or relationship closeness. Previous research and the findings of this study indicate that providing reasons for refusal is viewed favorably by both native Japanese speakers and learners. Furthermore, when individuals declined without stating a reason, there was a high prevalence of apologizing, irrespective of relationship dynamics or situational context, which is considered a stereotypical response to refusal. Lastly, an analysis was conducted to determine if the method of refusal varied depending on relationship dynamics and situations. Results confirmed differences in refusal strategies, particularly when declining invitations from close friends. Based on the aforementioned findings, when teaching Korean students learning Japanese the refusal expression “Chotto...”, it is imperative to develop a nuanced teaching approach rather than addressing it superficially.

お悔やみの言葉に関する日韓対照研究 ―表現と発話有無を中心に―

MATSUKI RYOKO,시부야 마사에,도현미 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2021 외국학연구 Vol.- No.57

The purpose of this paper is to clarify what Japanese and Koreans would say or would say nothing when they attend a funeral when they hear the news of someone's death from the bereaved family. As a result, it was found that there were formulaic sequences of condolence used in both Japan and Korea, and that various other expressions are used. In addition, the results showed that expressions that are not stereotyped are more diverse in meaning in Korea than in Japan. One of the reasons for this is the difference in funeral format between Japan and South Korea. In Korea, where there are restrictions on funeral time and flow, it is easy to talk to the bereaved family personally, which is the reason why various language expressions appear. Another factor is the difference in motivation for attending funerals. When deciding whether to attend a funeral or not, Japan places more importance on relations with the deceased, while Korea places more importance on relations with the bereaved family. Therefore, it is presumed that the expression used to tell the bereaved family at the funeral will be more personal and diverse in Korea than in Japan. And In both Japan and Korea, there were cases in which nonverbal behavior, and the reasons almost the same. first, It was in this case that the respondent choose say nothing consciously in consideration of the bereaved family's feelings. Second, It was in this case that the respondent responded in some way through nonverbal behavior instead of saying words for the bereaved family.

韓国在住日本語母語話者の日本語会話に現れる 韓国語のコード・スイッチング -形式的特徴を中心に-

MATSUKI RYOKO 한국일어일문학회 2018 日語日文學硏究 Vol.104 No.1

We can often find that Japanese native speakers residing in Korea speak in both Japanese and Korean in their conversations. In this study, switching multiple languages (codes) in a single sentence or conversation is called code switching. Regarding this phenomenon, we researched how code switching appears in conversations. The survey participants were a total of 20 Japanese native speakers whose second Language is Korean. The data analysis was taken from free conversation in Japanese language. After analyzing the code switching that appeared during the Japanese conversation, most of the findings were in the form of words, phrases, or sentences exchanged during discourse. Among them, we could observe most frequent changes in nouns, such as type of food, geographical names, Korean name and title, and Korean cultural names. This appears to be related to the speaker's choice of topics, what speakers have in common, and to speaker's personal information. Additionally in the case of switching level of words, there are not only nouns but various parts of speech such as adjective, interjection, adverb, postposition. The next most observed is phase of adoption. Code switching, which is quotative without the form of a quote, could be observed even in the switching level of words or sentences. All of the survey participants of this study showed code switching to Korean words during the Japanese conversation. We can confirm that speakers naturally accepted the code switching. 한국에 체류 중인 일본어모어화자가 일본어로 이야기를 나누는 장면을 살펴보면 한국어로 언어를 교체하며 발화(発話)하는 모습을 종종 관찰할 수 있다. 본고는 하나의 문장·담화 내에서 복수의 언어(코드)를 섞어 쓰는 이러한 현상을 ‘코드 스위칭’이라고 하며 이 현상에 주목하여 어떤 형식으로 언어가 교체되는지를 고찰하였다. 조사대상자는 제2언어를 한국어로 하는 총20명의 일본어모어화자이며, 분석 자료는 일본어를 기반으로 이루어진 자유대화이다. 일본어 대화 중에 나타난 한국어 코드 스위칭을 분석한 결과, 발화 중 문장 내에서 단어나 구·절, 문장 단위로 교체되는 형식으로 나타난 것이 대부분이었다. 그 중에서도 명사와 명사구 등의 명사 관련 표현의 교체가 가장 빈번하게 관찰되었으며, 그 내용으로는 음식관련 명사와 지명 외에 호칭, 지칭관련 명사, 한국 문화에 관련된 명사가 출현하였다. 이는 화자가 화제로 택한 것이나, 대화상대와의 공통점이 있는 내용, 그리고 화자 자신의 개인 정보와 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 단어 단위 교체의 경우 명사뿐만 아니라 형용사, 감탄사, 부사, 조사 등 다양한 품사가 등장하였다. 그 다음으로 많이 관찰된 것은 인용절이었다. 인용의 형식을 갖추어지지 않아도 인용적 성격을 가지는 코드 스위칭들은 단어 또는 문장 단위로 나타난 교체에도 관찰할 수 있었다. 본고의 조사 대상자들은 모두 일본어 발화 중에 한국어를 섞어 쓰는 발화 스타일을 선택하고 있어, 화자들이 평소에 이러한 코드 스위칭을 자연스럽게 받아들이고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

On the Minimum Number of Sliding Operations of Palettes in a Two-Dimensional Automatic Warehouse

Shigeo Matsuki,Shuji Tsukiyama,Akio Sakamoto 대한전자공학회 1990 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-

在韓日本語母語話者の日韓コ-ド · スイッチング

松樹亮子(Matsuki, Ryoko) 한국일본문화학회 2018 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.78

Japanese native speakers living in South Korea use both the Korean and Japanese languages in Japanese conversations. This study examined Japanese-Korean code switching, focusing mainly on its functional aspects. The survey was conducted on 20 Japanese native speakers living in South Korea and the analysis was made based on free conversations. We found that one function of code-switching is emphasis, and this study found that speakers frequently engaged in code-switching when they wanted to elaborate on or emphasize the meaning of what they were saying. We also discovered more functions of code switching: making the conversation seem like it was happening in the presence ; making it easier to distinguish objective facts from subjective opinions; and creating a sense of solidarity with other people by using a combination of Korean and Japanese words. Overall, we found that Japanese people who speak Korean as a foreign language effectively used certain Korean words or phrases in free conversation primarily when they felt it would be more accurate to express a thought in Korean than in Japanese. It also helped to enhance a bond between speakers sharing the same cultural and living conditions.

한국 체류 일본어모어화자의 한국어 코드 스위칭 - 형식적 특징을 중심으로 -

마츠키료코 ( Matsuki Ryoko ) 한국일어일문학회 2018 日語日文學硏究 Vol.104 No.1

한국에 체류 중인 일본어모어화자가 일본어로 이야기를 나누는 장면을 살펴보면 한국어로 언어를 교체하며 발화(發話)하는 모습을 종종 관찰할 수 있다. 본고는 하나의 문장·담화 내에서 복수의 언어(코드)를 섞어 쓰는 이러한 현상을 ‘코드 스위칭’이라고 하며 이 현상에 주목하여 어떤 형식으로 언어가 교체되는 지를 고찰하였다. 조사대상자는 제2언어를 한국어로 하는 총20명의 일본어모어 화자이며, 분석 자료는 일본어를 기반으로 이루어진 자유대화이다. 일본어 대화 중에 나타난 한국어 코드 스위칭을 분석한 결과, 발화 중 문장 내에서 단어나 구·절, 문장 단위로 교체되는 형식으로 나타난 것이 대부분이었다. 그 중에서도 명사와 명사구 등의 명사 관련 표현의 교체가 가장 빈번하게 관찰되었으며, 그 내용으로는 음식관련 명사와 지명 외에 호칭, 지칭관련 명사, 한국 문화에 관련된 명사가 출현하였다. 이는 화자가 화제로 택한 것이나, 대화 상대와의 공통점이 있는 내용, 그리고 화자 자신의 개인 정보와 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 또한 단어 단위 교체의 경우 명사뿐만 아니라 형용사, 감탄사, 부사, 조사 등 다양한 품사가 등장하였다. 그 다음으로 많이 관찰된 것은 인용절이었다. 인용의 형식을 갖추어지지 않아도 인용적 성격을 가지는 코드 스위칭들은 단어 또는 문장 단위로 나타난 교체에도 관찰할 수 있었다. 본고의 조사 대상자들은 모두 일본어 발화 중에 한국어를 섞어 쓰는 발화 스타일을 선택하고 있어, 화자들이 평소에 이러한 코드 스위칭을 자연스럽게 받아들이고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FUZZY CONTROL SCHEME APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEM STABILIZATION

Junya MATSUKI,Yasuyuki FUSHIMI,Takao OKADA 제어로봇시스템학회 1990 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Experimental Study on Fuzzy Control Scheme Applied to Power System Stabilization

Junya Matsuki,Yasuyuki Fushimi,Takao Okada 대한전자공학회 1990 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1990 No.01

新型コロナウイルス感染に伴う公式謝罪文の日韓対照

松樹亮子(Ryoko, Matsuki) 한국일본문화학회 2023 日本文化學報 Vol.- No.96

This study notes that in Japan and Korea, if someone is infected with COVID-19, the group issues an official apology. And even though there were no violations or accidents, the group issued a letter of apology, which was used as analysis data. The analysis was conducted on the title of the apology, the sender and the recipient, the expression of apology used in the text, and the object of apology. I then compared these with Japan and Korea. First, I analyzed the title of the apology. It was suggested that Japanese documents tend to reveal the entire contents according to the title of the apology, and that as opposed to Korean documents Japanese documents are more likely to clearly state that they are apologies for the corona infection. Secondly, I checked what kind of recipients the caller indicated in the apology. Sports organizations and schools tend to show more specific recipients than companies, local governments and hospitals. This point was similar in Japan and South Korea, but it was a characteristically only seen in South Korea that administrative agencies and citizens were shown as recipients. Third, I confirmed the use of apology expressions. The use of apology expressions varies considerably depending on the sender, and it was confirmed that apology expressions were used repeatedly in both Japan and Korea, and that apology expressions other than formal apology expressions were used in both Japan and Korea. Finally, I confirmed the contents of the apology in the Corona apology. When I categorized the contents, there were three apologies for the actions of the sender, the damage to the recipient, and the corona infection itself. Among them, Japan and Korea shared the highest number of apologies for the damage caused to the recipients, but it was found that the two sides placed varying emphasis on the details.

在韓日本人の韓国文化の受容意識と行動選択に関する一考察 -インタビュー調査から-

松樹亮子(Ryoko, MATSUKI) 한국일본문화학회 2020 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.85

In this study, we conducted interviews to determine what kind of consciousness Japanese people living in Korea have toward accepting and adapting to Korean culture. Through the interviews, we confirmed that the subjects are adopting the Korean culture and that they continue to have a negative attitude that they cannot accept aspects of Korean culture. In addition, we found that the subjects had a gap between consciousness and choice of action. The cases may differ in terms of whether the subjects do not choose to adapt to Korean culture even if they understand it, choose to adapt to a different culture even if they are negatively motivated, or first adapt even if they do not understand Korean culture. In this survey, subjects gave more answers in cases where there was a gap between consciousness and behavior selection than in those where consciousness and behavior matched. Furthermore, there was a slight difference in the content of the interview responses between students and working adults. In particular, it was found that working adults have a greater resistance to cross-cultural events, which is still not completely understood. On the other hand, more students than working adults answered that they copy the behavior of different cultures even when their understanding is vague, which suggests that they have less resistance to different events. In addition, while students tend to actively choose not to adapt to cross-cultural behavior that does not conform to their beliefs, working adults tend to select such behavior even if they take it slightly negatively.