4대강 물관리 정책의 쟁점과 법적 과제

채영근 한국환경법학회 2022 環境法 硏究 Vol.44 No.2

It draws attention to what changes will be made to the water management policy under the Yun Seok-yeol government. As he has promised to succeed President Lee Myung-bak's four rivers project since his presidential candidacy, the Moon Jae-in administration's policy to re-naturalize the four rivers is highly likely to be abandoned. However, as the new government advocates pragmatism, I expect that it will continue to pursue what is useful for the national interest by weighing the pros and cons of the previous administration's policies. Integrated water management and water management governance reform have been continuously required for the past several decades. The big picture was finally drawn with the enactment of the 「Basic Law on Water Management」. The status of the National Water Management Committee and the Basin Watershed Management Committee, which can be said to be the core of the new structure, should be further strengthened. Since water is a commodity that is directly related to the life and health of the people and is the basis of food production and economic activity, the nation must be able to supply clean water stably, prepare for extreme floods and droughts caused by climate change, and promote biodiversity. In order to conserve the natural ecosystem, consideration should be given to it. These tasks are universal and permanent high-level goals that no government can neglect, and water management policies should maintain consistency based on scientific analysis based on accumulated information, technological feasibility, and economic feasibility considering costs. The 1st National Water Management Master Plan, established by the National Water Management Committee by collecting the opinions of a number of water experts and stakeholders, as well as related organizations such as the government and public institutions, is the highest level national water management policy that transcends partisanship. And regardless of the change of government, the principle should be maintained. Integrated water management does not mean unifying all water management authority to the Ministry of Environment. The goal is to make a more balanced decision by comprehensively considering the various functions and values ​​of water that water management should consider. Therefore, it would be a mistake to assume that integrated water management was completed only with the water management function unified with the Ministry of Environment. There is still a long way to go for integrated management. Since the National Water Management Committee and the Watershed Management Committee are the core contents of the introduction of new governance, they must ensure their legal character as a decision-making body and ensure their independence. As the changed integrated water management policy adopts the watershed management principle rather than the fragmented management of the river, it is necessary to clarify the principle that the water in the watershed should be shared equally by the residents of the watershed. 윤석열정부 물관리정책에 어떠한 변화가 있을지 주목을 끈다. 대통령후보시절부터 이명박대통령의 4대강사업을 계승하겠다고 공약한 만큼, 문재인정부의 4대강 재자연화 정책은 폐기될 가능성이 커 보인다. 그러나 새 정부는 실용주의를 표방한 만큼, 전 정권 정책의 득실을 따져 국익에 도움이 되는 것은 계속 추진해 나갈 것을 기대해 본다. 통합물관리와 물관리거버넌스 개혁은 이미 지난 수십년 동안 지속적으로 요구되어 왔다. 그 큰 그림이 마침내 「물관리기본법」의 제정으로 그려졌다. 새로운 구도의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 국가물관리위원회와 유역물관리위원회의 위상은 더욱 강화되어야 할 것이다. 물은 국민의 생명과 건강에 직결되고 식량생산과 경제활동의 기초가 되는 재화이므로 국가는 깨끗한 물을 안정적으로 공급할 수 있어야 하고, 기후변화로 야기되고 있는 극심한 홍수나 가뭄에 대비하여야 하며, 생물다양성을 보전하기 위해 자연생태계를 배려하여야 한다. 이러한 과제들은 어느 정권이라도 소홀히 할 수 없는 보편적이고 항구적인 상위목표들이라 할 것이며, 물관리정책은 축적된 정보에 기초한 과학적 분석과 기술적 타당성, 그리고 비용을 고려한 경제성을 기초로 일관성을 유지하여야 할 것이다. 국가물관리위원회가 정부 및 공공기관 등 유관기관 뿐만 아니라 다수의 물분야 전문가 및 이해관계자들의 의견을 폭넓게 수렴하여 수립한 제1차 국가물관리기본계획은 당파성을 초월한 최상위 국가 물관리 정책이라 할 수 있고 정권의 변경에 상관없이 그 기조를 유지하여야 할 것이다. 통합물관리는 모든 물관리권한을 환경부로 일원화하는 것을 의미하는 것이 아니다. 물관리가 고려해야 할 여러 다양한 물의 기능과 가치를 종합적으로 고려하여 보다 균형잡힌 결정을 내리자는 것이다. 따라서 환경부로 일원화된 물관리 기능만으로 통합물관리가 완성된 것으로 보는 것은 오산이다. 국가물관리위원회와 유역물관리위원회는 새로운 거버넌스의 핵심적인 내용이므로 의결기구로서의 법적성격을 보장하고 그 독립성을 확실히 보장해야 한다. 변화된 통합물관리 정책은 하천의 분절적 관리가 아니라 유역관리 원칙을 취하는 만큼 유역의 물은 유역의 주민들이 골고루 나눠 써야 한다는 원칙을 분명히 해야 한다.

Does the time interval after bleaching influence the adhesion of orthodontic brackets?

Nascimento, Glaucia Cristina Rodrigues,Miranda, Cyndi Albuquerque De,Machado, Sissy Maria Mendes,Brandao, Gustavo Antonio Martins,Almeida, Haroldo Amorim De,Silva, Cecy Martins The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no difference exists between the effects of at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching on shear bond strength (SBS) with bracket bonding at 4 different time intervals after dental bleaching. Methods: Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 10) according to the bleaching methods used (at-home bleaching and in-office bleaching) and the storage time in artificial saliva (30 min, 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks before bonding). The control group was stored in artificial saliva for 7 days. Brackets were bonded with the Transbond XT adhesive system, and SBS testing was performed. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to assess the amount of resin remaining on the enamel surfaces after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined to be p < 0.05. Results: The SBS of the unbleached group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the bleached groups (except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was not totally rejected. All bleaching groups tested had decreased SBS of the brackets to the enamel, except for the group bonded 30 min after at-home bleaching. The SBS returned to values close to those of the unbleached enamel within 3 weeks following bleaching.

EVALUATION OF ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY BY MCF7 CELL CULTURE BIOASSAY, IN DRINKING WATER FROM DIFFERENT WATERSHEDS IN STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

Ana M. Cristina R.P.F. Martins,Marcio Hipolito,Erna E. Bach,Maria Lucia Z. Dagli,Josete G. Bersano,Luara L. Cassiano,Luciana Boffoni,Cassiana C.M. Raimundo 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Characterization and evaluation of liver fibrosis grade in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and normal transaminases

( San Juan Lopez Cristina ),( Casado Martin Marta ),( Gonzalez Sanchez Mercedes ),( Porcel Martin Almudena ),( Hernandez Martinez Alvaro ),( Vega Saenz Jose Luis ),( Parron Carreno Tesifon ) 대한간학회 2018 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological, laboratory, and serological characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and normal transaminases. The study also aimed to evaluate liver damage by measuring the liver fibrosis (LF) grade and to identify possible factors associated with the presence of fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with chronic HBV infection and classified as inactive carriers or immune-tolerant. Epidemiological variables of age, sex, immigrant, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), as well as virological variables (HBV DNA) and transaminase level were collected throughout the follow-up. The LF grade was evaluated by transient elastography. The cutoff value for significant fibrosis (SF) was liver stiffness ≥7.9 kPa. Results: A total of 214 patients were included in the analysis, and 62% of them had a BMI ≥25 kg/㎡. During follow-up, 4% of patients showed transaminase elevation (<1.5 times normal). Most patients had a viral DNA level <2,000 IU/mL (83%). Data on LF were available in 160 patients; of these, 14% had SF, 9% F3, and 6% F4. The variables associated with the presence of SF were transaminase alteration during follow-up, as 23% of patients with SF had elevated transaminases versus 3% of patients without SF (P<0.005), and BMI, as the vast majority of patients with SF (88%) had a BMI ≥25 kg/㎡ versus 56% of patients without SF (P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, liver damage does not seem to be related to DNA levels, alcohol consumption, or immigrant status. SF seems to be associated with transaminase alteration during follow-up and elevated BMI. It is therefore recommended to measure LF grade with validated non-invasive methods in such patients. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24:384-391)

Proposal for a gingival shade guide based on in vivo spectrophotometric measurements

Cristina Gomez Polo,Javier Montero,Ana Maria Martin Casado 대한치과보철학회 2019 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.11 No.5

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to propose and assess a shade guide for pink gingival aesthetics using a Spanish population sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The L*, C*, h, a* and b* coordinates of 259 participants were measured using a spectrophotometer in 3 standardized points along the attached gingiva of the maxillary central incisors. A hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to obtain separate solutions regarding the number of shade tabs. For each of the solutions obtained, color differences (ΔE*) were calculated using the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas, and the proposed shade guide was selected considering (1) the color differences between tabs and (2) the coverage error of each of the solutions. RESULTS. The proposed shade guide consisted of 8 gingival shade tabs and achieved CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors of less than the respective 50:50% acceptability thresholds (ΔE*=4.6 units and ΔE00=4.1). The coordinates for the various gingival shade tabs were as follows: Tab 1: L*43.3, a*21.9, b*12.3 (1.6); Tab 2: L*42.9, a*34.1, b*19.1; Tab 3: L*46.5, a*25.8, b*10.9; Tab 4: L*46.5, a*27.3, b*15.1; Tab 5: L*49.6, a*23.5, b*16.8; Tab 6: L*51.5, a*19.7, b*13.6; Tab 7: L*55.9, a*22.0, b* 15.0; and Tab 8: L*56.0, a*19.9, b*18.8. CONCLUSION. The CIELab and CIEDE2000 coverage errors for the 8 shade tabs of the proposed gingival shade guide were significantly lower than those of other guides. Therefore, despite the limitations of this study, the proposed guide is more appropriate for matching gingival shade in the Spanish general population.

Poster Session : PS 0467 ; Genetics ; Quality of Life in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

( Cristina Maria Elizondo ),( Carla Scarano ),( Constanza Franceschini ),( Nora Angelica Fuentes ),( Hernan Diego Giunta ),( Liliana Rojas ),( Marcelo Martin Serra ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder that affects 1/5000-8000 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in organs such as lung, liver, central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract (GI); their clinical manifestations and possible complications added, frequently alters quality of life of these patients. Objective: To identify associated factors with lower quality of life in adult patients with HHT. Methods: Cross-sectional study, from 2010 to 2013, of prospectively evaluated patients, from the institutional registry of HHT at Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires. Quality of life (QoL) was measured with the EuroQol and visual analog scale (AVS) validated for the country. Presence of epistaxis, anemia, AVMs in CNS, lung, liver, GI tract, symptoms and related complications were evaluated. Results: 127 patients were included: 33% were men, with a median age of 47 years (IQR:16). Median for QoL measured by the VAS was 69 (ICR:20.3). From the total, 96,1% presented epistaxis, from which 33,9% had severe epistaxis; 60% had anemia, 65,15% pulmonary AVMs, 39,4% were symptomatic; 19,6% had AVMs in CNS; 73,5% had hepatic AVMs and 63% had GI AVMs from which 27,6% presented symptoms. Signifi cant association was found between de median of QoL measured by VAS with: anemia (62 vs. non-anemic 77.8, p=0.001), pulmonary AVMs (62.3 vs. 71.27 without pulmonary AVMs, p=0.056), hepatic AVMs (64.67 vs. 78.15 without AVMs, p=0.012), GI AVMs (60 vs. 70 without AVMs, p=0.043) and correlation coefficient age was -0.349 age (p<0.001). Conclusions: Factors associated to decrease QoL in HHT were anemia and hepatic, pulmonary and GI AVMs. There was no difference in QoL related to epistaxis, but this could be attributed to the low number of patients without epistaxis.

Contribution of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for the Diagnosis of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Luciana Cristina Matos Cunha,Maurício Campelo Tavares,Carlos Julio Tierra Criollo,Ludimila Labanca,Clarissa Cardoso dos Santos Couto Paz,Henrique Resende Martins,Anna Bárbara de Freitas Carneiro-Proie 대한신경과학회 2013 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.9 No.4

Background and Purpose Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a low-cost and safe examination for testing the vestibulospinal pathway. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a slowly progressive disease that affects the vestibulospinal tract early in its course. This study compared the electromyographic (EMG) responses triggered by GVS of asymptomatic HTLV-1-infected subjects and subjects with HAM/TSP. Methods Bipolar galvanic stimuli (400 ms and 2 mA) were applied to the mastoid processes of 39 subjects (n=120 stimulations per subject, with 60 from each lower limb). Both the short latency (SL) and medium latency (ML) components of the EMG response were recorded from the soleus muscles of 13 healthy, HTLV-1-negative adults (56±5 years, mean±SD), and 26 individuals infected with HTLV-1, of whom 13 were asymptomatic (56±8 years) and 13 had HAM/TSP (60±6 years). Results The SL and ML EMG components were 55±4 and 112±10 ms, respectively, in the group of healthy subjects, 61±6 and 112±10 ms and in the HTLV-1-asymptomatic group, and 67±8 and 130±3 ms in the HAM/TSP group (p=0.001). The SL component was delayed in 4/13 (31%) of the examinations in the HTLV-1-asymptomatic group, while the ML component was normal in all of them. In the HAM/TSP group, the most common alteration was the absence of waves.Conclusions A pattern of abnormal vestibular-evoked EMG responses was found in HTLV1-neurological disease, ranging from delayed latency among asymptomatic carriers to the absence of a response in HAM/TSP. GVS may contribute to the early diagnosis and monitoring of nontraumatic myelopathies.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma: False Positive in an I-123 Metaiodobenzylguanedine Scan

Rey, Cristina Rodriguez,Candil, Aida Ortega,Galvan, Eliseo Vano,Martin, Maria Nieves Cabrera,Delgado, Jose Luis Carreras The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2016 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.50 No.2

"Beach Lifeguards' Sun Exposure and Sun Protection in Spain"

de Troya Martin, Magdalena,Sanchez, Nuria Blazquez,Garcia Harana, Cristina,Leiva, Ma Carmen Alarcon,Arjona, Jose Aguilera,Ruiz, Francisco Rivas,de Galvez Aranda, Ma Victoria Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2

Background: Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m², were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively. Conclusion: Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.

Association between immunoglobulin G1 against Tannerella forsythia and reduction in the loss of attachment tissue

Ardila, Carlos Martin,Olarte-Sossa, Mariana,Guzman, Isabel Cristina Korean Academy of Periodontology 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate whether the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to Tanerella forsythia are associated with periodontal status. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were considered candidates for the study; thus 80 chronic periodontitis patients and 28 healthy persons (control group) were invited to participate in this investigation. The presence of T. forsythia was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using primers designed to target the respective 16S rRNA gene sequences. Peripheral blood was collected from each subject to identify the IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies against T. forsythia. All microbiological and immunological laboratory processes were completed blindly, without awareness of the clinical status of the study patients or of the periodontal sites tested. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that lower mean levels of clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth were found in the presence of the IgG1 antibody titers against whole-cell T. forsythia; however, only the difference in CAL was statistically significant. In the presence of the IgG2 antibody titers against whole-cell T. forsythia, the periodontal parameters evaluated were higher but they did not show statistical differences, except for plaque. The unadjusted linear regression model showed that the IgG1 antibody against whole-cell T. forsythia in periodontitis patients was associated with a lower mean CAL (${\beta}=-0.654$; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.27 to -0.28; P<0.05). This statistically significant association remained after adjusting for possible confounders (${\beta}=-0.655$; 95% CI, -1.28 to -0.29; P<0.05). On the other hand, smoking was a statistically significant risk factor in the model (${\beta}=0.704$; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.38; P<0.05). Conclusions: Significantly lower mean levels of CAL were shown in the presence of the IgG1 antibody titers against whole-cell T. forsythia in periodontitis patients. Thus, the results of this study suggest that IgG1 antibody to T. forsythia may have been a protective factor from periodontitis in this sample.