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DCMIP2016: the splitting supercell test case
Zarzycki, Colin M.,Jablonowski, Christiane,Kent, James,Lauritzen, Peter H.,Nair, Ramachandran,Reed, Kevin A.,Ullrich, Paul A.,Hall, David M.,Taylor, Mark A.,Dazlich, Don,Heikes, Ross,Konor, Celal,Rand Copernicus GmbH 2019 Geoscientific model development Vol.12 No.3
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper describes the splitting supercell idealized test case used in the 2016 Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP2016). These storms are useful test beds for global atmospheric models because the horizontal scale of convective plumes is O(1&thinsp;km), emphasizing non-hydrostatic dynamics. The test case simulates a supercell on a reduced-radius sphere with nominal resolutions ranging from 4 to 0.5&thinsp;km and is based on the work of <span class='cit' id='xref_text.1'><a href='#bib1.bibx10'>Klemp et al.</a> (<a href='#bib1.bibx10'>2015</a>)</span>. Models are initialized with an atmospheric environment conducive to supercell formation and forced with a small thermal perturbation. A simplified Kessler microphysics scheme is coupled to the dynamical core to represent moist processes. Reference solutions for DCMIP2016 models are presented. Storm evolution is broadly similar between models, although differences in the final solution exist. These differences are hypothesized to result from different numerical discretizations, physics-dynamics coupling, and numerical diffusion. Intramodel solutions generally converge as models approach 0.5&thinsp;km resolution, although exploratory simulations at 0.25&thinsp;km imply some dynamical cores require more refinement to fully converge. These results can be used as a reference for future dynamical core evaluation, particularly with the development of non-hydrostatic global models intended to be used in convective-permitting regimes.</p> </P>
Unstitching the Nanoscopic Mystery of Zeolite Crystal Formation
Brent, Rhea,Cubillas, Pablo,Stevens, Sam M.,Jelfs, Kim E.,Umemura, Ayako,Gebbie, James T.,Slater, Ben,Terasaki, Osamu,Holden, Mark A.,Anderson, Michael W. American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.39
<P>A molecular-scale understanding of crystal growth is critical to the development of important materials such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and catalysts. Only recently has this been possible with the advent of atomic force microscopy that permits observation of nanoscopic features on solid surfaces under a liquid or solution environment. This allows <I>in situ</I> measurement of important chemical transformations such as crystal growth and dissolution. Further, the microscope can access not only an accurate height measurement of surface topography, important to deduce structural elements, but also the forces involved during nanoscopic processes. We have discovered that it is possible to use these features to “illuminate” critical nanoscopic chemical events at crystal surfaces and at the same time extract the associated energies and unstitch the details of the stepwise mechanism of growth and dissolution. This approach has been developed using nanoporous crystals of the heterogeneous catalyst zeolite L; however, in principle the approach could be adapted to many crystal growth problems.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-39/ja105593v/production/images/medium/ja-2010-05593v_0015.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja105593v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
The virtual penetration laboratory: new developments for projectile penetration in concrete
Mark D. Adley,Andreas O. Frank,Kent T. Danielson,Stephen A. Akers,James L. O’Daniel 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2010 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.7 No.2
This paper discusses new capabilities developed for the Virtual Penetration Laboratory (VPL) software package to address the challenges of determining Penetration Resistance (PR) equations for concrete materials. Specifically, the paper introduces a three-invariant concrete constitutive model recently developed by the authors. The Advanced Fundamental Concrete (AFC) model was developed to provide a fast-running predictive model to simulate the behavior of concrete and other high-strength geologic materials. The Continuous Evolutionary Algorithms (CEA) automatic fitting algorithms used to fit the new model are discussed, and then examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new AFC model. Finally, the AFC model in conjunction with the VPL software package is used to develop a PR equation for a concrete material.
Mark S. Roh,Gary R. Bauchan,Charles Murphy,James A. Bunce 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.6
Three different injection molded bioplastic (BP) pots, BP 29, BP 32, and BP 45 pots, containing processed feather fibers, were evaluated. Growth and flowering of Lilium hybrid ‘Triumphator’ and Begonia ‘Bonfire’ were evaluated in new and reused BP pots. Net photosynthesis was measured and macro- and micro-elements were analyzed in ‘Triumphator’ lily. Ultrastructure of epidermis cells of ‘Triumphator’ lily were analyzed using a low temperature-scanning electron microscope (LT-SEM). Surface changes, the weight, and macro- and micro-elements of the BP pots were also analyzed. When lilies were grown in BP 32 pots, root and shoot growth were inhibited, flowering was delayed and the net photosynthesis was negative, grana development, and starch granules were not observed as compared to those in BP 45 pots. Changes in the surface of BP 32 pots after forcing lilies (used once) showed a distinct space between feather fibers and other constituents which could be due to the chemical changes resulting from absorption of water. When BP pots were analyzed for pH and macro- and micro-elements, the pH and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron were significantly higher in the new BP 32 than those of BP 29 and BP 45 pots. Based on the growth and development of lily and begonia and net photosynthesis and grana development of lily, and foliar analysis of begonia grown in three different BP pots, it is concluded that BP 45 is recommended to grow lily and begonia when proper levels of nutrition are maintained during culture. Poor root growth and development of ‘Triumphator’ lily grown in new BP 32 pots could be associated with leaching of toxic substances once the pots absorb water during the culture.
케라틴/PLGA 지지체가 골수간엽줄기세포의 신경분화에 미치는 영향
오아영 ( A Young Oh ),김순희 ( Soon Hee Kim ),김초민 ( Cho Min Kim ),정수현 ( Su Hyun Jung ),전나리 ( Na Ri Jeon ),홍현혜 ( Hyun Hye Hong ),( Sang Jin Lee ),( Mark Van Dyke ),( James J Yoo ),이동원 ( Dong Won Lee ),이종문 ( 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.1
Bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) exhibit multiple traits of a stem cell population, and they can expand many times in vitro and be induced to differentiate into multiple cell types. Keratin is the major structural fibrous protein providing outer covering such as wool, hair, and nail. We think keratins are useful as natural biomaterial. We examined the effect of Keratin/PLGA scaffold on the neural differentiation of rat BMSCs. We developed the keratin loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) scaffolds. Keratin/PLGA 0, 20 and 50 wt% scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting/salt leaching method. BMSCs were harvested from the femurs of adult female Fischer rat. These cells were seeded in prepared Keratin/PLGA scaffold and cultured in Medium 50 ml DMEM, 2 %DMSO, 200 ?M BHA, 25 ?M valproic acid, 10 ?M forskolin, 1 ?M hydro-cotisone, 5?g/ml insulin for 5 day. The effect of Keratin/PLGA scaffold on the neural differentiation of rat BMSCs were assessed in culture using the MTT assay and RT-PCR was conducted to confirm mRNA expression of NSE and Nf for neural marker. We confirmed that effect of Keratin/PLGA scaffold on the neural differentiation of rat BMSCs. According to our results, 20 wt% keratin/ PLGA scaffold have good cell compatibility and the expression of neural markers was higher. In conclusion, Keratin/ PLGA scaffold, on which neural differentiation of rat BMSCs was possible.
케라틴을 함유한 PLGA 지지체가 슈반세포의 증식 및 특성 유지에 미치는 영향
오아영 ( A Young Oh ),김순희 ( Soon Hee Kim ),정수현 ( Su Hyun Jung ),홍현혜 ( Hyun Hye Hong ),전나리 ( Na Ri Jeon ),( Sang Jin Lee ),( Mark Van Dyke ),( James J. Yoo ),이종문 ( John M. Rhee ),강길선 ( Gilson Khang ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2008 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.5 No.4
Keratin is the major structural fibrous protein such as wool, hair, and nail and is useful as natural protein. Schwann cells(SCs) can stimulate tissue sparing and enhance outgrowth of both intact and lesion axons. We were prepared keratin/PLGA(0, 20 and 50 wt%) scaffolds by solvent casting/salt leaching method. Cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by MTT test. Morphology of cellular adhesion were confirmed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). SCs specific protein was assessed staining by s-100 for SCs marker and RT-PCR was conducted to confirm mRNA expression of NF, P-75 and s-100 for SCs marker. In MTT assay results, cell viability in scaffolds impregnated 20 wt% of keratin were higher than other scaffolds. SEM exhibited normal spindle-shaped morphology on 20 wt% of keratin. SC specific mRNA expression and protein could not be observed in scaffold containing 50 wt% of keratin. These results suggest that keratin provide suitable surface to neural cells and proper content affect on culture condition to improve cell adhesion and proliferation.