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The Development of the Korean Medication Algorithm for Major Depressive Disorder
MinSoo Lee,SeWon Lim,JiHyun Cha,SangKeun Chung,KwangSu Kim,Siegfried Kasper,the Executive Committee for the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major Depressive Disorder 대한신경정신의학회 2005 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.2 No.2
There are many differences in the biological characteristics, clinical situations, and medical insurance systems between ethnic groups or countries. Consequently, there is a need for a specific Korean algorithm for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Therefore, the Korean society of depressive and bipolar disorder decided to develop the Korean Medication Algorithm for Major Depressive Disorder (KMA-MDD). The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major Depressive Disorder (KMAP-MDD) was designed with the goal of developing: 1) ideal algorithm, 2) Korean algorithm, 3) medication algorithm, 4) evidence-based and formal consensus algorithm. After collecting and reviewing many articles and reports by the evidence-based rule, we constructed a survey questionnaire designed to obtain the formal consensus of Korean experts. By employing panels of experts to review the collected evidences and survey results thoroughly, we used evidence based algorithm development as a component of the formal consensus development process. The KMA-MDD consists of two algorithms: one for major depressive disorder without psychotic features and the other for major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Clinical guidelines for the implementation of KMA-MDD were also developed. The KMA-MDD provides specific treatment strategies for each stage. The KMA-MDD is the first Korean algorithm for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is based on evidence supporting the efficacy of each treatment modality and has obtained the consensus of Korean experts. We hope that the KMAMDD will be a good practical tool for clinicians who treat major depressive disorder in Korea.
Volume Adaptation Controls Stem Cell Mechanotransduction
Major, Luke G.,Holle, Andrew W.,Young, Jennifer L.,Hepburn, Matt S.,Jeong, Kwanghee,Chin, Ian L.,Sanderson, Rowan W.,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Aman, Zachary M.,Kennedy, Brendan F.,Hwang, Yongsung,Han, Dong-Wook American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.49
<P>Recent studies have found discordant mechanosensitive outcomes when comparing 2D and 3D, highlighting the need for tools to study mechanotransduction in 3D across a wide spectrum of stiffness. A gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel with a continuous stiffness gradient ranging from 5 to 38 kPa was developed to recapitulate physiological stiffness conditions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were encapsulated in this hydrogel, and their morphological characteristics and expression of both mechanosensitive proteins (Lamin A, YAP, and MRTFa) and differentiation markers (PPARγ and RUNX2) were analyzed. Low-stiffness regions (∼8 kPa) permitted increased cellular and nuclear volume and enhanced mechanosensitive protein localization in the nucleus. This trend was reversed in high stiffness regions (∼30 kPa), where decreased cellular and nuclear volumes and reduced mechanosensitive protein nuclear localization were observed. Interestingly, cells in soft regions exhibited enhanced osteogenic RUNX2 expression, while those in stiff regions upregulated the adipogenic regulator PPARγ, suggesting that volume, not substrate stiffness, is sufficient to drive 3D stem cell differentiation. Inhibition of myosin II (Blebbistatin) and ROCK (Y-27632), both key drivers of actomyosin contractility, resulted in reduced cell volume, especially in low-stiffness regions, causing a decorrelation between volume expansion and mechanosensitive protein localization. Constitutively active and inactive forms of the canonical downstream mechanotransduction effector TAZ were stably transfected into ASCs. Activated TAZ resulted in higher cellular volume despite increasing stiffness and a consistent, stiffness-independent translocation of YAP and MRTFa into the nucleus. Thus, volume adaptation as a function of 3D matrix stiffness can control stem cell mechanotransduction and differentiation.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
중국의 군사 개혁에 대한 미국의 평가와 한미동맹의 대응 방향
( Army Major General ),신경수 ( Shin Kyoung-soo ) 한국군사학회 2018 군사논단 Vol.94 No.-
China`s military build-up through the reforms increase its capability to influence in the Asia-Pacific region. The United States takes this phenomenon as a mid to long term threat to the stability of the present world order. The United States is paying attention to China`s emphasis on developing A2/AD and power projection capabilities and investing in cutting edge military technologies. The United States developed the ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy’ to counter China`s challenges. The United States has focused on developing the integrated Joint Forces, strengthening alliance and partnership, and pursuing innovation. The ROK government should express its will to respond China`s military expansion affecting the sovereignty. The coordinated efforts by the ROK and US Alliance could be an effective measure to counter China`s coercive activities. The Alliance needs to develop a combined strategy and prepare for any potential conflict regarding the West Sea and Iodo(Socotra Rock).
Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal
Igbmno Major Jane,Khalid Mohammad,Raju Gunasunderi,Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar,Walvekar Rashmi,Ratnam Chantara Thevy,Chaudhary Vishal,Rani Gokana Mohana 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.4
This study investigated durian (Durio zibethinus) peels to produce powdered activated carbon (DPAC). The influence of process variables such as carbonization temperature, activation time, contact time, CO2 flow rate, and adsorption dosage was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A six-factor and two levels Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the parameters. The independent variables were activation temperature (°C), duration (min), CO2 flow rate during the activation process (L/min), irradiation of adsorbent (kGy), irradiation duration (min), and adsorbent dosage (g) while phenol removal (mg/L) was the dependent variable (response). Following the observed correlation coefficient values, the design was fitted to a quadratic model (R2 = 0.9896). The optimal removal efficiency (97.25%) was observed at an activation temperature of 900 °C, activation time of 30 min, CO2 flow rate of 0.05 L/min, irradiation dose of 100 kGy, contact time of 35 min and adsorption dosage of 0.75 g. The optimal DPAC showed a BET surface of 281.33 m2/g. The removal efficiency was later compared with a commercially available activated carbon which shows a 98.56% phenol removal. The results show that the durian peel could be an effective precursor for making activated carbon for phenol removal, and irradiation can significantly enhance surface activation.
Chris Major Ncho,Akshat Goel,Vaishali Gupta,Chae-Mi Jeong,Ji Young Jung,하시영,양재경,최양호 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.5
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing solubles from shredded, steam-exploded pine particles (SSPP) on growth performances, plasma biochemicals, and microbial composition in broilers. The birds were reared for 28 days and fed basal diets with or without the inclusion of SSPP from 8 days old. There were a total of three dietary treatments supplemented with 0% (0% SSPP), 0.1% (0.1% SSPP) and 0.4% (0.4% SSPP) SSPP in basal diets. Supplementation of SSPP did not significantly affect growth or plasma biochemicals, but there was a clear indication of diet-induced microbial shifts. Beta-diversity analysis revealed SSPP supplementation-related clustering (ANOSIM: r = 0.31, p < 0.01), with an overall lower (PERMDISP: p < 0.05) individual dispersion in comparison to the control group. In addition, the proportions of the Bacteroides were increased, and the relative abundances of the families Vallitaleaceae, Defluviitaleaceae, Clostridiaceae, and the genera Butyricicoccus and Anaerofilum (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the 0.4% SSPP group than in the control group. Furthermore, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) also showed that beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus albus and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum were identified as microbial biomarkers of dietary SSPP inclusion (p < 0.05; | LDA effect size | > 2.0). Finally, network analysis showed that strong positive correlations were established among microbial species belonging to the class Clostridia, whereas Erysipelotrichia and Bacteroidia were mostly negatively correlated with Clostridia. Taken together, the results suggested that SSPP supplementation modulates the cecal microbial composition of broilers toward a “healthier” profile.