Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations on Moringa peregrina (Forssk) Fiori

Seham A. Elbatran,Omar M. Abdel-Salam,Khaled A. Abdelshfeek,Naglaa M. Nazif,Shams I. Ismail,Faiza M. Hammouda 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.4

Investigation of M. peregrina aerial parts revealed the isolation and identification of 4-flavonoidalcompounds, quercetin, quercetin-3-0-rutinoside (rutin), chrysoeriol-7-0-rhamnoside and 6,8,3/,5/-tetramethoxyapigenin. The compounds were identified by TLC, PC, MS, and H1-NMR. The fatty acids and unsaponifiablematter were studied. The LD50 for M. peregrina was 113.4 mg/100 g b.wt. Repeated intraperitoneal injection of 1/20 and 1/10 LD50 (5.67 mg and 11.34 mg/100 g b.wt.) of defatted alcoholic extract of M. peregrina for 30 daysinduced significant decrease in serum glucose, liver enzymes and lipid components. M. peregrina administeredi.p., 30 min prior to carrageenan at the above doses significantly inhibited the rat paw oedema response. In acuteM. peregrina exhibited markedanalgesic properties. In addition, M. peregrina administered at time of indomethacin injection inhibited thedevelopment of gastric lesions in rats.

Citric Acid Effects on Brain and Liver Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Mice

Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam,Eman R. Youness,Nadia A. Mohammed,Safaa M. Youssef Morsy,Enayat A. Omara,Amany A. Sleem 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.5

Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in the greatest amounts in citrus fruits. This study examined the effect of citric acid on endotoxin-induced oxidative stress of the brain and liver. Mice were challenged with a single intraperitoneal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200 lg/kg). Citric acid was given orally at 1, 2, or 4 g/kg at time of endotoxin injection and mice were euthanized 4 h later. LPS induced oxidative stress in the brain and liver tissue, resulting in marked increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and nitrite, while significantly decreasing reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) showed a pronounced increase in brain tissue after endotoxin injection. The administration of citric acid (1–2 g/kg) attenuated LPS-induced elevations in brain MDA, nitrite, TNF-a, GPx, and PON1 activity. In the liver, nitrite was decreased by 1 g/kg citric acid. GPx activity was increased, while PON1 activity was decreased by citric acid. The LPS-induced liver injury, DNA fragmentation, serum transaminase elevations, caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were attenuated by 1–2 g/kg citric acid. DNA fragmentation, however, increased after 4 g/kg citric acid. Thus in this model of systemic inflammation, citric acid (1–2 g/kg) decreased brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a type-I neurotensin receptor (NTR) and a novel NTR from the bullfrog brain.

Li, J H,Sicard, F,Salam, M A,Baek, M,LePrince, J,Vaudry, H,Kim, K,Kwon, H B,Seong, J Y Journal of Endocrinology (Ltd. by Guarantee) 2005 Journal of molecular endocrinology Vol.34 No.3

<P>Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the nervous system. To date, three different types of NT receptor (NTR), NTR1, NTR2 and NTR3, have been identified only in mammalian species. In the present study we isolated the cDNAs for an NTR1 and a novel NTR in the bullfrog brain, designated bfNTR1 and bfNTR4 respectively. bfNTR1 and bfNTR4 encode 422- and 399-amino acid residue proteins respectively. bfNTR1 has a 64% amino acid identity with mammalian NTR1, and 34-37% identity with mammalian NTR2. bfNTR4 exhibits 43% and 45-47% identity with mammalian NTR1 and NTR2 respectively. Both receptors are mainly expressed in the brain and pituitary. bfNTR1 triggers both CRE-luc, a protein kinase A (PKA)-specific reporter, and c-fos-luc, a PKC-specific reporter, activities, indicating that bfNTR1 can activate PKA- and PKC-linked signaling pathways. However, bfNTR4 appears to be preferentially coupled to the PKA-linked pathway as it induces a higher CRE-luc activity than c-fos-luc activity. bfNTRs exhibit different pharmacological properties as compared with mammalian NTRs. Mammalian NTR1 but not NTR2 responds to NT, whereas both bfNTR1 and bfNTR4 show a high sensitivity to NT. SR 48692 and SR 142948A, antagonists for mammalian NTR1 but agonists for mammalian NTR2, function as antagonists for both bfNTR1 and bfNTR4. In conclusion, this report provides the first molecular, pharmacological and functional characterization of two NTRs in a non-mammalian vertebrate. These data should help to elucidate the phylogenetic history of the G protein-coupled NTRs in the vertebrate lineage as well as the structural features that determine their pharmacological properties.</P>

Role of extruded texture on fatigue crack growth in a high strength aluminum alloy thick-walled cylinder

M. A. Malik,I. Salam,W. Muhammad,N. Ejaz 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.5

In present study, as a basic step for modeling the fatigue behavior of an extruded Al alloy cylinder, the fatigue crack growth data of the alloy was collected in two orientations. Microstructural analysis revealed that the material had recrystallized grains and clusters of constituent particles aligned in the direction of extrusion. Fatigue life of the samples revealed a shorter fatigue life representing a higher fatigue crack growth rate in transverse direction. The Paris constants C and m were found to be 4 x 10-11 and 3.4 for the transverse orientation. The same constants were found to be 2 x 10-10 and 2.6 for the longitudinal direction. Post fracture analysis revealed that the topographical appearance of the fractured surfaces in two orientations was different. The mechanism of crack growth was the formation of striations. The present study revealed that the texture of the constituent particles created during extrusion process has a pronounced effect on the crack growth rate in two orientations.

Assessment of N-16 activity concentration in Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission TRIGA Research Reactor

M. Ajijul Hoq,M.A. Malek Soner,M.A. Salam,Salma Khanom,S. M. Fahad 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.1

An assessment for determining N-16 activity concentrations during the operation condition ofBangladesh Atomic Energy Commission TRIGA Research Reactor was performed employing severalgoverning equations. The radionuclide N-16 is a high energy (6.13 MeV) gamma emitter which is predominatelycreated by the fast neutron interaction with O-16 present in the reactor core water. Duringreactor operation at different power level, the concentration of N-16 at the reactor bay region may increasecausing radiation risk to the reactor operating personnel or the general public. Concerning thesafety of the research reactor, the present study deals with the estimation of N-16 activity concentrationsin the regions of reactor core, reactor tank, and reactor bay at different reactor power levels under naturalconvection cooling mode. The estimated N-16 activity concentration values with 500 kW reactor powerat the reactor core region was 7:40 105 Bq=cm3 and at the bay region was 3:39 10 5 Bq=cm3. At3 MW reactor power with active forced convection cooling mode, the N-16 activity concentration in thedecay tank exit water was also determined, and the value was 4:14 10 1 Bq=cm3.

Dietary Manipulation and Increase in Plasma Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Sheep

Rajion, M.A.,Goh, Y.M.,Dahlan, I.,Salam Abdullah, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.8

Forty three 7-month old, Barbados Black $Belly{\times}Malin$ crossbred sheep were used for the trial. They were allotted into three treatment groups fed varying levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) frond pellets and commercial sheep pellets. Treatment diets were 80% commercial pellet+20 % (% w/w) oil palm frond pellet (CON group, n=15), 50% commercial pellet+50% oil palm frond pellet (% w/w) (HAF group, n=14) and 80% oil palm frond pellet+20% (% w/w) commercial pellet (OPF group, n=14). The plasma fatty acid profiles from these animals were compared before and after 14 weeks of feeding. Results showed that total unsaturated fatty acid content in the CON group had increased by 10% (p<0.01) from the pre-treatment values. All three treatment groups had significantly different plasma n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents at the end of the trial. In fact, the CON group had significantly (p<0.01) more n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to its own initial values, and also the values from the HAF and OPF groups. However there was a significant (p<0.01) decline in plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in all groups. The final total unsaturated to saturated fatty acid content ratio was significantly (p<0.01) highest in the CON group, demonstrating the high plasma unsaturated fatty acid content in these animals. This study shows the plasma unsaturated fatty acids in sheep can be increased by dietary manipulation.

Distinct Properties of Tungsten Austenitic Stainless Alloy as a Potential Nuclear Engineering Material

E. Salam,M.M. Eissa,A.S. Tageldin 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.3

In the present study, a series of tungsten austenitic stainless steel alloys have been developed byinterchanging the molybdenum in standard SS316 by tungsten. This was done to minimize the long-liferesidual activation occurred in molybdenum and nickel after decommissioning of the power plant. Themicrostructure and mechanical properties of the prepared alloys are determined. For the sake ofincreasing multifunction property of such series of tungsten-based austenitic stainless steel alloys,gamma shielding properties were studied experimentally by means of NaI(Tl) detector and theoreticallycalculated by using the XCOM program. Moreover, fast neutrons macroscopic removal cross-section beencalculated. The obtained combined mechanical, structural and shielding properties indicated that themodified austenitic stainless steel sample containing 1.79% tungsten and 0.64% molybdenum has preferableproperties among all other investigated samples in comparison with the standard SS316. Theseproperties nominate this new composition in several nuclear application domains such as, nuclearshielding domain.

An Offline Signature Verification Technique Using Pixels Intensity Levels

Abdul Salam Shah,M.N.A. Khan,Fazli Subhan,Muhammad Fayaz,Asadullah Shah 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.8

Offline signature recognition has great importance in our day to day activities. Researchers are trying to use them as biometric identification in various areas like banks, security systems and for other identification purposes. Fingerprints, iris, thumb impression and face detection based biometrics are successfully used for identification of individuals because of their static nature. However, people’s signatures show variability that makes it difficult to recognize the original signatures correctly and to use them as biometrics. The handwritten signatures have importance in banks for cheque, credit card processing, legal and financial transactions, and the signatures are the main target of fraudulence. To deal with complex signatures, there should be a robust signature verification method in places such as banks that can correctly classify the signatures into genuine or forgery to avoid financial frauds. This paper, presents a pixels intensity level based offline signature verification model for the correct classification of signatures. To achieve the target, three statistical classifiers; Decision Tree (J48), probability based Naïve Bayes (NB tree) and Euclidean distance based k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), are used. For comparison of the accuracy rates of offline signatures with online signatures, three classifiers were applied on online signature database and achieved a 99.90% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 99.82% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 98.11% with K-Nearest Neighbor (with 10 fold cross validation). The results of offline signatures were 64.97% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 76.16% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 91.91% with k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk) (without forgeries). The accuracy rate dropped with the inclusion of forgery signatures as, 55.63% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 67.02% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 88.12% (with forgeries).

Antihypertensive and Cardioprotective Effects of Pumpkin Seed Oil

Aliaa E.M.K. El-Mosallamy,Amany A. Sleem,Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam,Nermeen Shaffie,Sanaa A. Kenawy 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.2

Pumpkin seed oil is a natural product commonly used in folk medicine for treatment of prostatic hypertrophy. In the present study, the effects of treatment with pumpkin seed oil on hypertension induced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nx-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) (50 mg /kg/day) in rats were studied and compared with those of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine. Pumpkin seed oil (40 or 100 mg/kg), amlodipine (0.9 mg/kg), or vehicle (control) was given once daily orally for 6 weeks. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes,levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) (the concentrations of nitrite/nitrate), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), blood glutathione,and erythrocytic superoxide dismutase activity were measured. Histopathological examination of heart and aorta was conducted as well. l-NAME administration resulted in a significant increase in BP starting from the second week. Pumpkin seed oil or amlodipine treatment significantly reduced the elevation in BP by l-NAME and normalized the l-NAME-induced ECG changes—namely, prolongation of the RR interval, increased P wave duration, and ST elevation. Both treatments significantly decreased the elevated levels of MDA and reversed the decreased levels of NO metabolites to near normal values compared with the l-NAME-treated group. Amlodipine also significantly increased blood glutathione content compared with normal (but not l-NAME-treated) rats. Pumpkin seed oil as well as amlodipine treatment protected against pathological alterations in heart and aorta induced by l-NAME. In conclusion, this study has shown that pumpkin seed oil exhibits an antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects through a mechanism that may involve generation of NO.

Assessment of the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Sudan: a case-control study

Adel Hussein Elduma,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan Ali,Asrar M A,Salam Elegail,Asma Elsony,Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-

OBJECTIVES: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major challenge for the global control of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB in Sudan. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2019. Patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB were selected as cases, and controls were selected from TB patients who responded to first-line anti-TB drugs. A questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from study participants. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between risk factors and MDR-TB infection. The best multivariate model was selected based on the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: A total of 430 cases and 860 controls were selected for this study. A history of previous TB treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 54.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 30.48 to 98.69) was strongly associated with MDR-TB infection. We identified interruption of TB treatment (aOR, 7.62; 95% CI, 3.16 to 18.34), contact with MDR-TB patients (aOR, 5.40; 95% CI, 2.69 to 10.74), lower body weight (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91), and water pipe smoking (aOR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.73 to 6.04) as factors associated with MDR-TB infection. CONCLUSIONS: Previous TB treatment and interruption of TB treatment were found to be the main predictors of MDR-TB. Additionally, this study found that contact with MDR-TB patients and water pipe smoking were associated with MDR-TB infection in Sudan. More efforts are required to decrease the rate of treatment interruption, to strengthen patients’ adherence to treatment, and to reduce contact with MDR-TB patients.