Determination of Optimal Toxic Concentration and Accumulation of Cadmium in Broiler Chicks

Fazli Subhan,Ayaz Khan,Fazli Wahid,Adeeb Shehzad,Amin Ullah Jan 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.3

Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) in broiler chicks. CdCl₂ was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In spectral analysis, CdCl₂ treatment caused a significant increase in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine and uric acid levels in all treated groups. Intriguingly, the GPT, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly higher at 75 ㎎/㎏ as compared to the groups treated with high doses (100, 125 and 150 ㎎/㎏) of CdCl₂. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of Cd accumulation in kidney, liver and Breast muscles. AAS analysis revealed that Cd accumulation is increased in breast muscles as compared to liver and kidney at higher doses of Cd than 75 ㎎/㎏.

Determination of Optimal Toxic Concentration and Accumulation of Cadmium in Broiler Chicks

Subhan, Fazli,Khan, Ayaz,Wahid, Fazli,Shehzad, Adeeb,Jan, Amin Ullah Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.3

Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic, non biodegradable heavy metal for the human and animals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and accumulation of cadmium in various tissue caused by various levels of dietary cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) in broiler chicks. $CdCl_2$ was administered through drinking water to broiler chicks. In spectral analysis, $CdCl_2$ treatment caused a significant increase in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine and uric acid levels in all treated groups. Intriguingly, the GPT, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly higher at 75 mg/kg as compared to the groups treated with high doses (100, 125 and 150 mg/kg) of $CdCl_2$. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the determination of Cd accumulation in kidney, liver and Breast muscles. AAS analysis revealed that Cd accumulation is increased in breast muscles as compared to liver and kidney at higher doses of Cd than 75 mg/kg.

Hybrid Indoor Position Estimation using K-NN and MinMax

( Fazli Subhan ),( Shakeel Ahmed ),( Sajjad Haider ),( Sajid Saleem ),( Asfandyar Khan ),( Salman Ahmed ),( Muhammad Numan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.9

Due to the rapid advancement in smart phones, numerous new specifications are developed for variety of applications ranging from health monitoring to navigations and tracking. The word indoor navigation means location identification, however, where GPS signals are not available, accurate indoor localization is a challenging task due to variation in the received signals which directly affect distance estimation process. This paper proposes a hybrid approach which integrates fingerprinting based K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) and lateration based MinMax position estimation technique. The novel idea behind this hybrid approach is to use Euclidian distance formulation for distance estimates instead of indoor radio channel modeling which is used to convert the received signal to distance estimates. Due to unpredictable behavior of the received signal, modeling indoor environment for distance estimates is a challenging task which ultimately results in distance estimation error and hence affects position estimation process. Our proposed idea is indoor position estimation technique using Bluetooth enabled smart phones which is independent of the radio channels. Experimental results conclude that, our proposed hybrid approach performs better in terms of mean error compared to Trilateration, MinMax, K-NN, and existing Hybrid approach.

Fish Scale Collagen Peptides Protect against CoCl ₂ /TNF- <i>α</i> -Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation via Inhibition of ROS, MAPK, and NF- <i>κ</i> B Pathways in HaCaT Cells

Subhan, Fazli,Kang, Hae Yeong,Lim, Yeseon,Ikram, Muhammad,Baek, Sun-Yong,Jin, Songwan,Jeong, Young Hun,Kwak, Jong Young,Yoon, Sik Hindawi 2017 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2017 No.-

<P>Skin diseases associated with inflammation or oxidative stress represent the most common problem in dermatology. The present study demonstrates that fish scale collagen peptides (FSCP) protect against CoCl<SUB>2</SUB>-induced cytotoxicity and TNF-<I>α</I>-induced inflammatory responses in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Our study is the first to report that FSCP increase cell viability and ameliorate oxidative injury in HaCaT cells through mechanisms mediated by the downregulation of key proinflammatory cytokines, namely, TNF-<I>α</I>, IL-1<I>β</I>, IL-8, and iNOS. FSCP also prevent cell apoptosis by repressing Bax expression, caspase-3 activity, and cytochrome c release and by upregulating Bcl-2 protein levels in CoCl<SUB>2</SUB>- or TNF-<I>α</I>-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, the inhibitory effects of FSCP on cytotoxicity and the induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression were found to be associated with suppression of the ROS, MAPK (p38/MAPK, ERK, and JNK), and NF-<I>κ</I>B signaling pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that FSCP are useful as immunomodulatory agents in inflammatory or immune-mediated skin diseases. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the potential therapeutic use of FSCP in the prevention and treatment of various oxidative- or inflammatory stress-related inflammation and injuries.</P>

Epidermal growth factor-like domain 8 inhibits the survival and proliferation of mouse thymocytes

SUBHAN, FAZLI,YOON, TAE-DEUK,CHOI, HEE JUNG,MUHAMMAD, IKRAM,LEE, JIEUN,HONG, CHANGWAN,OH, SAE-OCK,BAEK, SUN-YONG,KIM, BONG-SEON,YOON, SIK Spandidos Publications 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.32 No.4

<P>Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a critical role in T-cell development through their intercellular interactions and by producing various soluble proteins, such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we report a new role for epidermal growth factor-like domain 8 (EGFL8) in the regulation of the survival and proliferation of mouse thymocytes. Mouse recombinant EGFL8 (rEGFL8) protein was produced using an E. coli system and its biological role in mouse thymocytes was determined. The injection of rEGFL8 in mice in vivo resulted in a decrease in the weight of the thymus, as well as in the number of total thymocytes; rEGFL8 also inhibited thymocyte proliferation and induced thymocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, rEGFL8 suppressed the expression of the Notch downstream targets, Hes1 and Hey1, in mouse thymocytes and TECs, indicating that EGFL8 negatively regulates the Notch signaling pathway in these cells. The identification of the role of EGFL8 in thymocytes may aid in the determination of the fate of thymocytes during T-cell development.</P>

Advances in colon-targeted nano-drug delivery systems: challenges and solutions

Muhammad Naeem,Uzma Azeem Awan,Fazli Subhan,Jiafu Cao,Shwe Phyu Hlaing,이주호,임은옥,YunJinJung,유진욱 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.1

Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) for colontargeteddrug delivery are an active area of research onlocal diseases aff ecting the colon, such as ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease, colon cancer, and for the delivery of peptideor protein drugs and vaccinations. In particular, targetednano-drug delivery to the colon is advantageous for colonspecific diseases because nanoparticles can accumulate indiseased parts, improve the effi cacies of therapeutics, andenable localized treatments, which reduces systemic toxicity. However, there are many hurdles, such as burst drug release,enzyme and acidic degradation of drug and carrier in thestomach, pH variations, mucus entrapment, and systemicuptake in the upper small intestine, which could challengeand compromise the successful delivery of NDDS to thecolon. With advancements in NDDS, it may be possible toovercome these challenges leading to effi cient drug deliveryfor colon-specifi c disorders. This review describes a fewof the potential colon-specifi c drug delivery areas and thechallenges faced by colon-targeted orally administered deliverysystems, and provides an updated summary of recentadvances in the development of orally administered NDDSfor colon targeting, and the future advances in this research.

An Offline Signature Verification Technique Using Pixels Intensity Levels

Abdul Salam Shah,M.N.A. Khan,Fazli Subhan,Muhammad Fayaz,Asadullah Shah 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.8

Offline signature recognition has great importance in our day to day activities. Researchers are trying to use them as biometric identification in various areas like banks, security systems and for other identification purposes. Fingerprints, iris, thumb impression and face detection based biometrics are successfully used for identification of individuals because of their static nature. However, people’s signatures show variability that makes it difficult to recognize the original signatures correctly and to use them as biometrics. The handwritten signatures have importance in banks for cheque, credit card processing, legal and financial transactions, and the signatures are the main target of fraudulence. To deal with complex signatures, there should be a robust signature verification method in places such as banks that can correctly classify the signatures into genuine or forgery to avoid financial frauds. This paper, presents a pixels intensity level based offline signature verification model for the correct classification of signatures. To achieve the target, three statistical classifiers; Decision Tree (J48), probability based Naïve Bayes (NB tree) and Euclidean distance based k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), are used. For comparison of the accuracy rates of offline signatures with online signatures, three classifiers were applied on online signature database and achieved a 99.90% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 99.82% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 98.11% with K-Nearest Neighbor (with 10 fold cross validation). The results of offline signatures were 64.97% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 76.16% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 91.91% with k-Nearest Neighbor (IBk) (without forgeries). The accuracy rate dropped with the inclusion of forgery signatures as, 55.63% accuracy rate with decision tree (J48), 67.02% with Naïve Bayes Tree and 88.12% (with forgeries).

Decursin and decursinol angelate: molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases

Shehzad, Adeeb,Parveen, Sajida,Qureshi, Munibah,Subhan, Fazli,Lee, Young Sup Springer-Verlag 2018 Inflammation research Vol.67 No.3

<P>Epidemiological studies have shown that inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various chronic diseases, including cancers, neurological diseases, hepatic fibrosis, diabetic retinopathy, and vascular diseases. Decursin and decursinol angelate (DA) are pyranocoumarin compounds obtained from the roots of Angelica gigas. Several studies have described the anti-inflammatory effects of decursin and DA. Decursin and DA have shown potential anti-inflammatory activity by modulating growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cellular enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases cyclooxygenase, and protein kinases such as extracellular receptor kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and protein kinase C. These compounds have the ability to induce apoptosis by activating pro-apoptotic proteins and the caspase cascade, and reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2 and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large. Interaction with multiple molecular targets and cytotoxic effects, these two compounds are favorable candidates for treating various chronic inflammatory diseases such as cancers (prostate, breast, leukemia, cervical, and myeloma), rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, hepatic fibrosis, osteoclastogenesis, allergy, and Alzheimer's disease. We have summarized the preliminary studies regarding the biological effects of decursin and DA. In this review, we will also highlight the functions of coumarin compounds that can be translated to a clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of various inflammatory ailments.</P>

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of mouse epidermal growth factor-like domain 8.

Song, Ik-Jin,Ikram, Muhammad,Subhan, Fazli,Choi, Da-Jeong,Lee, Ja-Rang,Kim, Heui-Soo,Lim, Young-Tak,Yoon, Sik D.A. Spandidos 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.36 No.2

<P>Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like (EGFL) domain, a common structural module in numerous secreted or transmembrane proteins, is generally involved in protein-protein interactions. To date, several EGFL proteins have been identified and characterized, but little is known about EGFL domain 8 (EGFL8). The present study reported the molecular characterization and expression analysis of EGFL8 in mice. Mouse EGFL8 amplified using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction approach was sequenced and characterized. Mouse EGFL8 encodes a protein of 293 amino acids with two EGFL domains, an Emilin-like domain and a Ca(2+)-binding EGFL domain, which has a molecular mass of 32 kDa. The coding sequence has a high degree of amino acid sequence identity across species, and the EGFL domain has been highly conserved in various species during evolutionary radiation. A phylogenetic tree calculated using the neighbor-joining method revealed that EGFL8 and EGFL7 are more closely associated with each other than either is to EGFL3, and they cluster with EGFL6. It was found that mouse EGFL8 protein was highly expressed in diverse mouse tissue types, including the thymus, lymph nodes, testis, ovaries, epididymis, ductus deferens, ileum, colon, stomach, esophagus, lung, uterus, urinary bladder, skin, spleen, adrenal glands and penis. These results are of great use in understanding the biological roles of mouse EGFL8 for further study.</P>