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Grafting improves salinity tolerance of bell pepper plants during greenhouse production
Blanca E. Orosco-Alcalá,Héctor G. Núñez-Palenius,Fidel Díaz-Serrano,Luis Pérez-Moreno,Mauricio Valencia-Posadas,Libia I. Trejo-Tellez,Nicacio Cruz-Huerta,Juan I. Valiente-Banuet 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.6
Biotic and abiotic stresses aff ect plant growth and productivity. High-salinity stress aff ects crop yield, causing fi nancialloss to growers. The use of salt-tolerant rootstocks is a strategy that has been used to reduce salt damage in crops. A studywas conducted to evaluate the eff ect of salinity-resistant rootstocks on the physiological and morphological characteristicsof bell pepper plants grown under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomizeddesign with two factors. The bell pepper ‘Viper’ cultivar was grafted on two reported salinity-tolerant rootstocks(E21R10144 and E21R10197), and non-grafted (NG) plants were used as the control. Four salinity levels were applied tothe plants (electrical conductivity treatments using NaCl of 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m −1 ) in Steiner nutritive solution (100%). Theresponse to salinity was determined using morphological and physiological plant parameters, including fruit yield. Increasedtolerance to salinity conditions (NaCl) was observed in the ‘Viper’ bell pepper grafted on E21R10144, which allowed greaterplant height, stem diameter, leaf size, as well as fresh and dry biomass of both the roots and canopy. The impacts on plantphysiological response, including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water content, stomatal density, andfoliar area, were also determined. Our results indicate that the use of the salinity-tolerant bell pepper rootstock E21R10144maintained plant homeostasis and minimized the damage caused by salts to the morphology and physiology, as well as eff ectson fruit yield; thus, it is a promising tool for the management of salt stress.
Color assessment of resin composite by using cellphone images compared with a spectrophotometer
de Bragança Rafaella Mariana Fontes,Moraes Rafael Ratto,Faria-e-Silva André Luis 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.2
Objectives: This study assessed the reliability of digital color measurements using images of resin composite specimens captured with a cellphone. Materials and Methods: The reference color of cylindrical specimens built-up with the use of resin composite (shades A1, A2, A3, and A4) was measured with a portable spectrophotometer (CIELab). Images of the specimens were obtained individually or pairwise (compared shades in the same photograph) under standardized parameters. The color of the specimens was measured in the images using RGB system and converted to CIELab system using image processing software. Whiteness index (WID) and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated for each color measurement method. For the cellphone, the ΔE00 was calculated between the pairs of shades in separate images and in the same image. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Linear regression models were used to predict the reference ΔE00 values of those calculated using color measured in the images. Results: Images captured with the cellphone resulted in different WID values from the spectrophotometer only for shades A3 and A4. No difference to the reference ΔE00 was observed when individual images were used. In general, a similar ranking of ΔE00 among resin composite shades was observed for all methods. Stronger correlation coefficients with the reference ΔE00 were observed using individual than pairwise images. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of cellphone images to measure the color difference seems to be a feasible alternative providing outcomes similar to those obtained with the spectrophotometer.
New Relationships involving the Mean Curvature of Slant Submanifolds in $S$-space-forms
Luis M. Fern\'{a}ndez,Mar\'{\i}a Bel\'{e}n Hans-Uber 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Relationships between the Ricci curvature and the squared meancurvature and between the shape operator associated with the meancurvature vector and the sectional curvature function for slantsubmanifolds of an S-space-form are proved, particularizing themto invariant and anti-invariant submanifolds tangent to thestructure vector fields.
Methodology for the Observations of Stellar Occultations by Small Bodies of the Solar System
Luis E. Salazar-Manzano,Edwin A. Quintero 한국우주과학회 2021 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.38 No.1
The observation of stellar occultations constitutes one of the most important techniques for determining the dimensions and establishing the physical parameters of small Solar System bodies. The most substantial calculations are obtained from multiple observations of the same event, which turns the observation of stellar occultations into highly collaborative work and groups teams of observers through international networks. The above situation also requires the participation of both professional and amateur observers in these collaborative networks. With the aim of promoting the participation of professional and amateur groups in the collaborative observation of stellar occultations, we present the methodology developed by the Astronomical Observatory of the Technological University of Pereira (OAUTP) for the observations of occultations due small Solar System bodies. We expose the three fundamental phases of the process: the plan to make observations, the capture of the events, and the treatment of the data. We apply our methodology using a fixed station and a mobile station to observe stellar occultations due to MBAs (354) Eleonora (61) Danae (15112) Arlenewolfe (3915) Fukushima (61788) 2000 QP181 (425) Cornelia (257) Silesia (386) Siegena and (41) Daphne, and due to TNOs 1998BU48 and (529823) 2010 PP81. The positive detections for the objects (257) Silesia (386) Siegena and (41) Daphne allow us to derive lower limits in the diameter of the MBAs of 63.1 km, 166.2 km and 158.7 km and offsets in the astrometric position (Δαc cosδc, Δδc) of 622.30 ± 0.83, 15.23 ± 9.88 mas, 586.06 ± 1.68, 43.03 ± 13.88 mas and –413.44 ± 9.42, 234.05 ± 19.12 mas, respectively.
Dynamic properties of a building with viscous dampers in non-proportional arrangement
Luis E. Suarez,Carlos A. Gaviria 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.55 No.6
Any rational approach to define the configuration and size of viscous fluid dampers in a structure should be based on the dynamic properties of the system with the dampers. In this paper we propose an alternative representation of the complex eigenvalues of multi degree of freedom systems with dampers to calculate new equivalent natural frequencies. Analytical expressions for the dynamic properties of a two-story building model with a linear viscous damper in the first floor (i.e. with a non-proportional damping matrix) are derived. The formulas permit to obtain the equivalent damping ratios and equivalent natural frequencies for all the modes as a function of the mass, stiffness and damping coefficient for underdamped and overdamped systems. It is shown that the commonly used formula to define the equivalent natural frequency is not applicable for this type of system and for others where the damping matrix is not proportional to the mass matrix, stiffness matrix or both. Moreover, the new expressions for the equivalent natural frequencies expose a novel phenomenon; the use of viscous fluid dampers can modify the vibration frequencies of the structure. The significance of the new equivalent natural frequencies is expounded by means of a simulated free vibration test. The proposed approach may offer a new perspective to study the effect of viscous dampers on the dynamic properties of a structure.