http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Lopez‐ (검색결과 4 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
Upstream kinases of plant Sn RK s are involved in salt stress tolerance
Barajas‐,Lopez, Juan de Dios,Moreno, Jose Ramon,Gamez‐,Arjona, Francisco M.,Pardo, Jose M.,Punkkinen, Matleena,Zhu, Jian‐,Kang,Quintero, Francisco J.,Fujii, Hiroaki John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 The Plant journal Vol.93 No.1
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Sucrose non‐fermenting 1‐related protein kinases (SnRKs) are important for plant growth and stress responses. This family has three clades: SnRK1, SnRK2 and SnRK3. Although plant SnRKs are thought to be activated by upstream kinases, the overall mechanism remains obscure. Geminivirus Rep‐Interacting Kinase (GRIK)1 and GRIK2 phosphorylate SnRK1s, which are involved in sugar/energy sensing, and the <I>grik1‐1 grik2‐1</I> double mutant shows growth retardation under regular growth conditions. In this study, we established another Arabidopsis mutant line harbouring a different allele of gene <I>GRIK1</I> (<I>grik1‐2 grik2‐1</I>) that grows similarly to the wild‐type, enabling us to evaluate the function of GRIKs under stress conditions. In the <I>grik1‐2 grik2‐1</I> double mutant, phosphorylation of SnRK1.1 was reduced, but not eliminated, suggesting that the <I>grik1‐2</I> mutation is a weak allele. In addition to high sensitivity to glucose, the <I>grik1‐2 grik2‐1</I> mutant was sensitive to high salt, indicating that GRIKs are also involved in salinity signalling pathways. Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS)2, a member of the SnRK3 subfamily, is a critical mediator of the response to salinity. GRIK1 phosphorylated SOS2 <I>in vitro</I>, resulting in elevated kinase activity of SOS2. The salt tolerance of <I>sos2</I> was restored to normal levels by wild‐type SOS2, but not by a mutated form of SOS2 lacking the T168 residue phosphorylated by GRIK1. Activation of SOS2 by GRIK1 was also demonstrated in a reconstituted system in yeast. Our results indicate that GRIKs phosphorylate and activate SnRK1 and other members of the SnRK3 family, and that they play important roles in multiple signalling pathways <I>in vivo</I>.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Significance Statement</B></P><P>Since plants face diverse, often coincidental stresses throughout their lifetime, they have to integrate multiple signals to organize growth, development and stress responses. This work shows that GRIKs, which are essential players in sugar signalling pathway as upstream kinases of SnRK1s, also work in salt tolerance of Arabidopsis and identified SOS2, a SnRK3, as a potential substrate of GRIKs in the salinity signalling pathway.</P></▼2>
-
Ahn, Hye‐,Kyung,Kim, Byoung Chan,Jun, Seung‐,Hyun,Chang, Mun Seock,Lopez‐,Ferrer, Daniel,Smith, Richard D.,Gu, Man Bock,Lee, Sang‐,Won,Kim, Beom Soo,Kim, Jungbae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.107 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An efficient protein digestion in proteomic analysis requires the stabilization of proteases such as trypsin. In the present work, trypsin was stabilized in the form of enzyme coating on electrospun polymer nanofibers (EC‐TR), which crosslinks additional trypsin molecules onto covalently attached trypsin (CA‐TR). EC‐TR showed better stability than CA‐TR in rigorous conditions, such as at high temperatures of 40 and 50°C, in the presence of organic co‐solvents, and at various pH's. For example, the half‐lives of CA‐TR and EC‐TR were 1.42 and 231 h at 40°C, respectively. The improved stability of EC‐TR can be explained by covalent linkages on the surface of trypsin molecules, which effectively inhibits the denaturation, autolysis, and leaching of trypsin. The protein digestion was performed at 40°C by using both CA‐TR and EC‐TR in digesting a model protein, enolase. EC‐TR showed better performance and stability than CA‐TR by maintaining good performance of enolase digestion under recycled uses for a period of 1 week. In the same condition, CA‐TR showed poor performance from the beginning and could not be used for digestion at all after a few usages. The enzyme coating approach is anticipated to be successfully employed not only for protein digestion in proteomic analysis but also for various other fields where the poor enzyme stability presently hampers the practical applications of enzymes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 917–923. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
-
On the Fragile Relationship Between El Niño and California Rainfall
Lee, Sang‐,Ki,Lopez, Hosmay,Chung, Eui‐,Seok,DiNezio, Pedro,Yeh, Sang‐,Wook,Wittenberg, Andrew T. American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical research letters Vol.45 No.2
<P>The failed influence of the 2015-2016 El Nino on California rainfall has renewed interest in the relationship between El Nino and U.S. rainfall variability. Here we perform statistical data analyses and simple model experiments to show that sufficiently warm and persistent sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the far eastern equatorial Pacific are required to excite an anomalous cyclone in the North Pacific that extends to the east across the U.S. West Coast and thus increases rainfall over California. Among the four most frequently recurring El Nino patterns considered in this study, only the persistent El Nino, which is often characterized by the warm SSTAs in the far eastern equatorial Pacific persisting throughout the winter and spring, is linked to such extratropical teleconnection patterns and significantly increased rainfall over the entire state of California. During the last 69 years, only three of the 25 El Nino events (i.e., 1957-1958, 1982-1983, and 1997-1998) are clearly identified as the persistent El Nino. In addition, the monthly rainfall variance explained by El Nino is less than half that caused by internal variability during the 25 El Nino. Therefore, the rarity of persistent El Nino events combined with the large influence of internal variability effectively explains the fragile relationship between El Nino and California rainfall.</P>
-
Safinya, Cyrus R.,Raviv, Uri,Needleman, Daniel J.,Zidovska, Alexandra,Choi, Myung Chul,Ojeda‐,Lopez, Miguel A.,Ewert, Kai K.,Li, Youli,Miller, Herbert P.,Quispe, Joel,Carragher, Bridget,Potter, WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.20
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The review will describe experiments inspired by the rich variety of bundles and networks of interacting microtubules (MT), neurofilaments, and filamentous‐actin in neurons where the nature of the interactions, structures, and structure‐function correlations remain poorly understood. We describe how three‐dimensional (3D) MT bundles and 2D MT bundles may assemble, in cell free systems in the presence of counter‐ions, revealing structures not predicted by polyelectrolyte theories. Interestingly, experiments reveal that the neuronal protein tau, an abundant MT‐associated‐protein in axons, modulates the MT diameter providing insight for the control of geometric parameters in bio‐ nanotechnology. In another set of experiments we describe lipid‐protein‐nanotubes, and lipid nano‐ tubes and rods, resulting from membrane shape evolution processes involving protein templates and curvature stabilizing lipids. Similar membrane shape changes, occurring in cells for the purpose of specific functions, are induced by interactions between membranes and proteins. The biological materials systems described have applications in bio‐nanotechnology.</P>
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
