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Similarity Between Computer Control Systems and Community Planning
Light,Richard A,Johnson,R Curtis 한국화학공학회 1973 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.11 No.5
The planning of a community's development and operations, whether for a small town or an international project, requires the allocation of resources to various areas of endeavor. This can best be done if a reasonably accurate estimate is made of the needs for corrective action and the effectiveness of it as a function of type and amount of expenditure. An estimate may be made of the amount of pollution and social conflict which may develop and of the effectiveness of various physical and human countermeasures (sewage disposal facilities, air pollution control, police, hospitals, etc.); on this basis a reasonable allccation may be made. Such a procedure forces one to establish value systems in order to ascertain social costs on comparable bases with each other. This is difficult. Few planners understand the philosophical implications of their actions. This approach, which bears great similarity to optimal process control by computer, will not solve the problems unless value systems can be established. Even when values cannot be adequately established, however, this approach to examining community problems allows decision makers to understand better the implications of their actions. This approach helps educators to better plan programs different from the traditionally narrow engineering curricula, and introduce the concept that technical tools and techniques have important applications at political and philosophical levels.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Gimatecan against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zhao, Youna,Lau, Lit-Fui,Dai, Xiangrong,Li, Benjamin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11
Objective: Gimatecan is a new camptothecin (CPT) analogue that inhibits tumor growth by targeting DNA topoisomerase I (TOP I) and introducing strong and persistent DNA cleavage. Anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated with a wide range of solid tumors in previous preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we investigated for the first time the effects of gimatecan on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Anticancer efficacy of gimatecan were evaluated in a panel of HCC cell lines and corresponding mouse xenograft models. Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by CellTiter-Glo cell viability assay. In vivo, gimatecan and control preparations were orally administered every four days, for a total of four times. Tumor volume and body weights of the mice were measured twice weekly. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed that gimatecan inhibited the proliferation of a large panel of HCC cell lines in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging between 12.1~1085.0 nM. In vivo evaluation in mouse xenograft models showed significant antitumor effects of gimatecan at 0.8mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study suggested that gimatecan may have the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.
Being Adaptive to Pain Enhances Sham Acupuncture Analgesia: A Crossover Healthy Human Study
Zhen Zheng,Dawn Wong Lit Wan,Lars Arendt-Nielsen,Dong Y. Yao,Genevieve Iversen,Charlie C. Xue,Kelun Wang 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.6
We have reported a model that distinguishes pain adaptive individuals (PA) from those who are pain non-adaptive (PNA). The present randomised, cross-over, participant-assessor blinded study aimed to determine the impact of pain adaptability on individuals’ response to real and sham acupuncture. Healthy volunteers (nine PA and 13 PNA) were randomly allocated to receive real and sham acupuncture on the left hand and forearm in two separate acupuncture sessions. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured at bilateral forearms and right leg before, immediately after and 20 minutes after the end of acupuncture. Ratings to pinprick and suprathreshold PPT were also recorded. The two groups were comparable in their demographic and baseline data. Analgesia induced by real or sham acupuncture did not differ on any outcome measures. PA responded to acupuncture needling better than PNA, and to sham needling (20% increase in PPT) better than to real acupuncture (7.9%). Those differences were at 20 min after end of acupuncture in the areas distant to the needling sites. PNA reported little changes in PPT. Being adaptive to pain was associated with enhanced distant analgesia in response to sham acupuncture. Our finding might partly explain varied acupuncture analgesia in clinical practice and trials.
Variation in some characters of the genus Sceliphron (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in the Philippines
Kristine O. Abenis,Ireneo L. Lit Jr.,최병태,DOO-SANG PARK 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.2
The observed morphological and color variations for Sceliphron species in the Philippines are herebyreported. Sceliphron madraspatanum conspicillatum and Sceliphron rufopictum laticinctum have severalvariations in propodeal maculation pattern and in pronotal collar and petiole of the former. Postmortemcolor changes were also observed in S. r. laticinctum. A single yellow band on the third tergite of S. r. laticinctum is distinct when it is alive, and an additional yellow band develops on the posterior part ofabdominal tergites 2-5 after death. Mandibles may either be sharp or blunt, and clypeus may be lobed orflat for S. r. laticinctum and Sceliphron javanum aemulum. However, newly emerged adults of these specieshave sharper mandibles and lobed clypeus. DNA barcoding was used to address intraspecific color andmorphological variation of the Philippine Sceliphrini, but not all specimens were successfully barcodedbecause most of the specimens were very old and contaminated by fungi. However, this study came upwith a new primer that has successfully barcoded 3% of the specimens.
Glial Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and Emerging Interventions
Jo, Daehyun,Chapman, C. Richard,Light, Alan R. The Korean Pain Society 2009 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.22 No.1
Neuropathic pain is often refractory to intervention because of the complex etiology and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms behind this type of pain. Glial cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes, are powerful modulators of pain and new targets of drug development for neuropathic pain. Glial activation could be the driving force behind chronic pain, maintaining the noxious signal transmission even after the original injury has healed. Glia express chemokine, purinergic, toll-like, glutaminergic and other receptors that enable them to respond to neural signals, and they can modulate neuronal synaptic function and neuronal excitability. Nerve injury upregulates multiple receptors in spinal microglia and astrocytes. Microglia influence neuronal communication by producing inflammatory products at the synapse, as do astrocytes because they completely encapsulate synapses and are in close contact with neuronal somas through gap junctions. Glia are the main source of inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system. New therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain are emerging such as targeting the glial cells, novel pharmacologic approaches and gene therapy. Drugs targeting microglia and astrocytes, cytokine production, and neural structures including dorsal root ganglion are now under study, as is gene therapy. Isoform-specific inhibition will minimize the side effects produced by blocking all glia with a general inhibitor. Enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokines could prove more beneficial than administering proinflammatory cytokine antagonists that block glial activation systemically. Research on therapeutic gene transfer to the central nervous system is underway, although obstacles prevent immediate clinical application.
Long-Range Guided Wave Inspection of Structures Using the Magnetostrictive Sensor
Kwun, He-geon,Kim, Sang-Young,Light, Glenn M. 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Long-Range guided wave inspection is a new emerging technology for rapidly and globally inspecting a large area of a structure from a single test location. This paper describes a general overview of the guided wave properties and its application for long-range inspection of structures, the principle and instrument system for a guided wave inspection technology called "magnetostrictive sensor (MsS)" that generates and detects guided waves electromagnetically in the material under testing,and examples of long-range guided wave inspection of structures that can be accomplished using the MsS.