A Study on the Types of Virtual Influencers in China Using Q Methodology

LILI,이종윤,ShanShan LIU,홍장선 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.11 No.2

Modern people live a life connected with the real world and the virtual world by relying on the new media of enterprises and social consumption led by innovative technologies. In this environment, virtual influencers actively communicate with consumers and build relationships through social media, which is a new marketing tool that has attracted widespread attention. From a business perspective, it is necessary to have a solid understanding of this phenomenon, and then explore communication strategies to effectively develop virtual influencers. To investigate followers' preference for virtual influencers, this study employs the Q-method, which studies human subjective attributes, an empirical research effort to uncover complex issues in human subjectivity. To determine the factors that trigger people's voluntary and active practice and the preference degree of virtual influencers, the Q method is implemented to examine human subjectivity, thoughts and attitudes. According to the results of this study, virtual influencers are a new group of idols full of vitality. The interviews found that there are still many virtual influencers who do not know about followers, but each type can be clearly understood through the intuitive understanding of the interviewees. Divided out, type 1 one ego-ideal virtual influencers aim to represent an idealized version of the creator or target audience. Embodies ideal physical characteristics, personality or lifestyle desired by the audience. Type 2 is charismatic and attractive, and has the characteristics of most virtual influencers. It is suggested that it can be developed into a potential type, doing brand cooperation, and content production on social media platforms. Type 3: Game animation, derived from the image of characters in games or comics, with stylized features and energetic personalities, which can be integrated into games or entertainment experiences. Type 4 development potential type is the most successful type among virtual imagers, and it is also the purpose of marketing virtual influencers. It is essential that brand endorsement on social media platforms, integrated marketing, and driving advertising traffic. It is recommended to improve production technology to reduce investment costs.

Communication - Root Vein Connected

Lili 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.8 No.2

Pay Attention to Water Pollution

Lili 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2013 No.-

An Explanation of Waiting for Godot in Quantum Mechanics

LiLi 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.2

On Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, everyone explains the existence of Godot differently, which makes the superposition of Godot. And from the point of view of quantum mechanics, microscopic particles may be in a superposition state, which means things are always in an uncertain state of “superposition” or “collapse” according to the human consciousness. After introducing the concept of quantum mechanics, the paper uses the Schrodinger's cat, a famous experiment of quantum mechanics, to conduct in-depth exploration. In the experiment, cats exist in closed boxes, and no one knows whether they have changed or if they have had quantitative changes. No one knows what's going to happen before the box is opened, and it is uncertain whether there will be changes when the box is opened. The uncertainty of quantum mechanics affects people's thinking. Hence the paper attempts to explore Beckett's Waiting for Godot for the uncertainty of the entanglement waiting process by quantum mechanics by analyzing Godot as a stacked-up cat.

20세기 이래 중국 상고음(上古音) 연구의 성과 및 방향

張莉莉 ( Zhang¸ Lili ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.95

이 글의 목표는 20세기 초부터 지금까지의 중국 上古音에 대한 연구 성과, 특히 최근에 나온 연구에 주목하여 정리하고, 上古音 연구 동향을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 약 백 년 동안의 연구사를 간략하게 살펴본 후, 上古音 연구에 있어서 논쟁거리인 음절 유형, 운미, 모음체계, 介音의 존재 여부, 기본 자음체계, 복자음체계, 그리고 관련된 형태 연구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 최근 주류 입장에 따르면 上古漢語의 陰聲 운미에는 유성 폐쇄운미가 없었고 개음절을 지니며, 또한 성조가 없었고, 후치운미가 중고시기에 성조를 이루게 된다. 모음체계의 경우 대략 ‘i, Щ, u, e, a, o’와 같이 6개 모음으로 이루어진 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 上古漢語에는 모음성 介音이 존재하지 않고 介音 /r/가 많은 역할을 했다. 한편, 기본 자음 체계에서 논의된 來母와 喉音 계열 및 무성 비음과 무성 유음에 대한 관점은 최신 이론에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않지만, 精母 파찰화 등에 관하여는 아직 異論이 존재하며, 자음군의 경우는 대개 전치자음과 후치자음을 통하여 복자음 체계를 해석하고 있다. 또한, 上古漢語의 재구에 있어서 형태의 기능과 음운 형식에의 대응 관계가 최근의 연구에서 관심을 받고 있다. 마지막으로 上古音의 연구 방법, 연구 자료, 연구 범위를 살펴봄으로써 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제시하여 보았다. The goal of this article is to focus on the achievements of Old Chinese from the early 20^th century till the present, especially from current studies and controversial views to identify trends in Old Chinese studies. In this paper, it presented a brief look at the research history of Old Chinese about 100 years, and focused on the study of syllable types, codas, vowel systems, an existence of the medial, simple initials, initial clusters, and related morphological forms. According to the recent mainstream opinions, Old Chinese yīnshēng rhyme group did not have voiced stop, neither the intonation in Old Chinese, while postcodas became intonations in Middle Chinese. In the case of vowel systems, it can be considered to be consist of the six vowels, such as ‘i, Щ, u, e, a, o’, and there was no vocal medial but /-r-/, which played a major role as medial in Old Chinese. The perspectives of initial /r/, uvular initials, voiceless resonants do not differ much in recent research, however, views about the reconstruction of (MC.)/ts/ in Old Chinese, and whether it was an affricative initial are quite different. The system of initial clusters were mainly consist of pre-initial and post-initial. Furthermore, the function of morphological forms and its correspondence to phonetic forms have drawn attention in recent research. Finally, it presented future research directions through looking at the research methods, materials, and scope of the study in Old Chinese.

Suitability of Dialogue Theory for Translation

Li Li 한국동서비교문학학회 2021 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.56

Communication by dialogues is one of the main themes of the world. According to Bakhtin, the expression is a social product constructed by different voices which are ultimately related to each other. We learn our language through others’ voices; in turn our voices are heard by others. This philosophy of language is known as the dialogue, where individual discourse is seen as a positive response to the specific intention followed a dynamic dialogic relationship between the speaker and the listener. In the translation process, various social factors are involved. Since the participation of the social directivity as “other”, multiple dialogues caused by the difference of the source language and target language finally are epitomized on the translation which is made full of different ideological, cultural, aesthetic and practical social overtones.

Preparation and Gene Delivery of Alkaline Amino Acids-Based Cationic Liposomes

Li, Li,Nie, Yu,Zhu, Rong,Shi, Sanjun,Luo, Kui,He, Bin,Yang, Yang,Yang, Junxiao,Gu, Zhongwei 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7

Cationic lipids 1, 2, and 3, based on hydrophobic cholesterol linked to L-lysine, L-histidine or Larginine, respectively, were designed and tested as gene delivery vectors. Physicochemical and biological properties of all liposomes and lipoplexes were evaluated, including lipid-DNA interactions, size, morphology, zeta potential, acid-base buffering capability, protection of DNA from DNase I digestion, and cytotoxity. The efficiency of luciferase gene transfection of lipoplexes 1-3 was compared with that of commercial dioleoyl-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) in 293T cells and HepG2 cells with or without poly(ethylene glycol) PEG stabilizer. The complexation and protection of DNA of liposome 3 was the strongest among the three liposomes. The efficiency of gene transfection of liposomes 1-3 was two-to threefold higher than that of PEI and/or DOTAP in 293T cells. Liposomes 1 and 3 in PEG as stabilizer showed sixfold higher transfection efficiency than that of PEI and/or DOTAP, whereas liposome 2 showed very low transfection efficiency. In HepG2 cells, the transfection efficiency of all the cationic liposomes was much lower than that of DOTAP. In conclusion, lipids 1-3 were efficient and non-toxic gene vectors; the headgroup of cationic lipids and the stabilizer of liposome formulation had an important influence on gene transfection.

Thalidomide Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced lung Cancer

Li, Li,Huang, Xin-En Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5

Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and toxicity in patients with advanced lung cancer, including non-small cell and small cell variants (NSCLC and SCLC), treated with thalidomide plus chemotherapy. Methods: Fourteen patients with advanced lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy combined with thalidomide. All patients in this study received thalidomide (100 mg orally per night before sleeping, produced by Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co.Ltd) after the start of chemotherapy for at least 14 days. Chemotherapy was administered according to the condition of patients. After at least 14 days of treatment, efficacy and toxicity were evaluated. Results: There were 6 female and 8 male patients with advanced lung cancer recruited into this study, including 2 with SCLC and 12 with NSCLC. The median age was 56.7 (44-65) years. Progressive disease was observed in 12 patients (12/14), and stable disease in 2 (2/14). Grade 1 to 2 myelosuppression was observed in 4/14 patients, and Grade 1 to 2 elevation of hepatic enzymes was recorded in 5/14 patients. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract were documented in 2/14 patients, all beingGrade 1. No Grade 3-4 toxicity was recorded. No treatment related deaths occurred. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that thalidomide combined with chemotherapy is mildly effective and safe for treating patients with advanced lung cancer. However, further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

Multilayer-Structured Poly-Vanadium Acid/Polyaniline Composite: Synthesis and Properties for Humidity Sensing

Li Li,Yanan Guo,Chao Zhao,Liyuan Song 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.7

A high-performance humidity sensor based on multilayer-structured poly-vanadium acid/polyaniline (V/PANI) composite was reported in this paper. Two-layer-structured V/PANI composite was fabricated by dip-coating poly-vanadium acid and electrochemically polymerizing PANI onto the interdigitated gold electrode in sequence, and then the process could be repeated to prepare the second two-layer-structured V/PANI composite. The crystalline phase properties and structural characteristics of the poly-vanadium acid, PANI, and V/PANI composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. The morphological characteristics of the first two-layer-structured V/PANI composite and multilayer-structured V/PANI composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, sensors based on the multilayer-structured V/PANI composite showed good humidity sensing properties. For instance, its impedance changed linearly for approximately four orders of magnitude in a wide range of 11-97% RH. Furthermore, it displayed small hysteresis (∼5%RH), fast response (t90% of 8 s and 12 s for adsorption and desorption processes, respectively), good stability. The possible sensing mechanism was analyzed by considering the special multilayer structure and using complex impedance spectra and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the sensor. The measurement results highlight the multilayer-structured V/PANI composite film is a candidate material for constructing humidity sensors.

파레토 최적화와 최소최대 후회도 방법을 이용한 부정류 계산모형의 안정적인 매개변수 추정

LI LI,정은성,전경수 한국수자원학회 2017 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.50 No.3

A robust parameter set (ROPS) selection framework for an unsteady flow model was developed by combining Pareto optimums obtained by outcomes of model calibration using multi-site observations with the minimax regret approach (MRA). The multi-site calibration problem which is a multi-objective problem was solved by using an aggregation approach which aggregates the weighted criteria related to different sites into one measure, and then performs a large number of individual optimization runs with different weight combinations to obtain Pareto solutions. Roughness parameter structure which can describe the variation of Manning’s n with discharges and sub-reaches was proposed and the related coefficients were optimized as model parameters. By applying the MRA which is a decision criterion, the Pareto solutions were ranked based on the obtained regrets related to each Pareto solution, and the top-rated one due to the lowest aggregated regrets of both calibration and validation was determined as the only ROPS. It was found that the determination of variable roughness and the corresponding standardized RMSEs at the two gauging stations varies considerably depending on the combinations of weights on the two sites. This method can provide the robust parameter set for the multi-site calibration problems in hydrologic and hydraulic models. 본 연구에서는 부정류 계산모형의 안정적인 매개변수를 선정하기 위하여, 다수 지점의 관측치를 고려한 모형보정의 결과로부터 얻은 파레토 최적화와 최소최대 후회도 방법(minimax regret approach, MRA)을 결합하는 방법을 제안하였다. 여러 지점의 관측치를 고려한 모형의 보정은 다목적 최적화 문제로서, 통합접근법을 적용하여 최적해를 구하였다. 통합접근법은 여러 지점에 대한 가중치를 결합하여 하나의 목적함수를 얻고, 여러 번의 개별 최적화를 수행함으로써 다수의 파레토 최적해들을 구하는 방법이다. 이때 유량에 따른 조도계수의 가변성을 나타내는 두 개의 매개변수로 구성된 관계식을 이용하여 두 구간에 대한 매개변수들을 모형의 추정 대상 매개변수로서 최적화하였다. 이후 각기 다른 홍수사상에 대해 보정과 검증을 수행하였으며 각각에 대한 평가지표의 후회도를 정량화하였고 이를 결합한 결합후회도를 산정하였다. 이를 기준으로 파레토 최적해들의 순위를 결정하였다. 계산결과 추정된 모형의 가변조도계수와 그로부터 얻은 두 개 지점에서의 표준화된 RMSE들은 두 지점에 대한 가중치의 조합에 따라 선택되는 매개변수 값에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법은 수문 및 수리모형의 다수의 관측지점의 자료를 이용한 매개변수 산정문제에 있어서 안정적인 해를 도출할 수 있다.