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Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1
On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.
Lee, Sang-Don,Jung, Kyu-Nam,Kim, Hyeongil,Shin, Hyun-Seop,Song, Seung-Wan,Park, Min-Sik,Lee, Jong-Won Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 ChemSusChem Vol.10 No.10
<P>All-solid-state lithium batteries offer notable advantages over conventional Li-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes in terms of energy density, stability, and safety. To realize this technology, it is critical to develop highly reliable solid-state inorganic electrolytes with high ionic conductivities and adequate processability. Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)(3) (LATP) with a NASICON (Na superionic conductor)-like structure is regarded as a potential solid electrolyte, owing to its high 'bulk' conductivity (ca. 10(-3) S cm(-1)) and excellent stability against air and moisture. However, the solid LATP electrolyte still suffers from a low 'total' conductivity, mainly owing to the blocking effect of grain boundaries to Li+ conduction. In this study, an LATP-Bi2O3 composite solid electrolyte shows very high total conductivity (9.4 x 10(-4) Scm(-1)) at room temperature. Bi2O3 acts as a microstructural modifier to effectively reduce the fabrication temperature of the electrolyte and to enhance its ionic conductivity. Bi2O3 promotes the densification of the LATP electrolyte, thereby improving its structural integrity, and at the same time, it facilitates Li+ conduction, leading to reduced grain-boundary resistance. The feasibility of the LATP-Bi2O3 composite electrolyte in all-solid-state Li batteries is also examined in this study.</P>
Graphene-based crack lithography for high-throughput fabrication of terahertz metamaterials
Won, Sejeong,Jung, Hyun-June,Kim, Dasom,Lee, Sang-Hun,Van Lam, Do,Kim, Hyeon-Don,Kim, Kwang-Seop,Lee, Seung-Mo,Seo, Minah,Kim, Dai-Sik,Lee, Hak-Joo,Kim, Jae-Hyun Elsevier 2020 Carbon Vol.158 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Terahertz (THz) nanoantennas have significant potential for versatile applications in THz spectroscopy because of their capability for strong electromagnetic field localization. Electron-beam lithography or focused ion beam machining is typically employed to fabricate nanoantenna structures. These nanolithography methods present limitations in the widespread utilization of THz nanoantennas because of their high cost and low productivity. In this work, we proposed graphene-based crack lithography as a high throughput fabrication method for nanoantenna structures. A double-layer graphene interface was introduced to enable independent control of the nanoantenna dimensions and provide graphene-based nanoantenna structures. We analyzed the underlying mechanism of graphene-based cracking and developed an analytical model governing the geometric parameters of the fabricated nanostructures. As a vital application of the fabricated nanoantenna structures, we demonstrated the highly sensitive detection of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-Glucose molecules. Graphene-based crack lithography can provide a cost-effective method for generating nanoantenna structures with the desired characteristics and can accelerate the development of practical applications of electromagnetic metamaterials.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nanoantennas of various materials with desired terahertz resonance characteristics can be readily manufactured on a large scale using the graphene-based crack lithography.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
A Hybrid Learning Algorithm : EBP and CMFA
Lee, Jong Chan,Lee, Won Don 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.2
We introduce a new algorithm which combines the characteristics of two training methods, error back propagation(EBP) and continuous mean field annealing(CMFA). Our approach is built on a basic idea that the learning of multi-layer network is the processing of weight adaptation and that the optimal weight is needed to have powerful ability. We can see an effectiveness with the combination of EBP with direct searching technique and random processing based on CMFA, one of the optimization tools. To explain our algorithm, we describe individual weight adjustment process, perturbation scheme and its applied results.
Lee, Su Ui,Kim, Mun-Ock,Kang, Myung-Ji,Oh, Eun Sol,Ro, Hyunju,Lee, Ro Woon,Song, Yu Na,Jung, Sunin,Lee, Jae-Won,Lee, Soo Yun,Bae, Taeyeol,Hong, Sung-Tae,Kim, Tae-Don Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021 Molecules and cells Vol.44 No.1
Airway mucus secretion is an essential innate immune response for host protection. However, overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus, mainly composed of the gel-forming MUC5AC protein, are significant risk factors for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway negatively regulates MUC5AC expression; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we showed that TGFβ significantly reduces the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and its protein in NCI-H292 cells, a human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line. This reduced MUC5AC expression was restored by a TGFβ receptor inhibitor (SB431542), but not by the inhibition of NF-κB (BAY11-7082 or Triptolide) or PI3K (LY294002) activities. TGFβ-activated Smad3 dose-dependently bound to MUC5AC promoter. Notably, TGFβ-activated Smad3 recruited HDAC2 and facilitated nuclear translocation of HDAC2, thereby inducing the deacetylation of NF-κB at K310, which is essential for a reduction in NF-κB transcriptional activity. Both TGFβ-induced nuclear translocation of Smad3/HDAC2 and deacetylation of NF-κB at K310 were suppressed by a Smad3 inhibitor (SIS3). These results suggest that the TGFβ-activated Smad3/HDAC2 complex is an essential negative regulator for MUC5AC expression and an epigenetic regulator for NF-κB acetylation. Therefore, these results collectively suggest that modulation of the TGFβ1/Smad3/HDAC2/NF-κB pathway axis can be a promising way to improve lung function as a treatment strategy for asthma and COPD.
Lee, Jae Eun,Lee, Jung Ryeol,Jee, Byung Chul,Suh, Chang Suk,Kim, Ki Chul,Lee, Won Don,Kim, Seok Hyun The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2012 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.39 No.4
Objective: In 2009 anti-M$\ddot{u}$llerian hormone (AMH) assay was approved for clinical use in Korea. This study was performed to determine the reference values of AMH for predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using the clinical assay data. Methods: One hundred sixty-two women who underwent COH cycles were included in this study. We collected data on age, basal AMH and FSH levels, total dose of gonadotropins, stimulation duration, and numbers of oocytes retrieved and fertilized. Blood samples were obtained on cycle day 3 before gonadotropin administration started. Serum AMH levels were measured at a centralized clinical laboratory center. The correlation between the AMH level and COH outcomes and cut-off values for poor and high response after COH was analyzed. Results: Concentration of AMH was significantly correlated with the number of oocytes retrieved (OPU; r=0.700, p<0.001). The mean${\pm}$SE serum AMH levels for poor ($OPU{\leq}3$), normal ($4{\leq}OPU{\leq}19$), and high ($OPU{\geq}20$) response were $0.94{\pm}0.15$ ng/mL, $2.79{\pm}0.21$ ng/mL, and $6.94{\pm}0.90$ ng/mL, respectively. The cut-off level, sensitivity and specificity for poor and high response were 1.08 ng/mL, 85.8%, and 78.6%; and 3.57 ng/mL, 94.4%, and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Our data present clinical reference values of the serum AMH level for ovarian response in Korean women. The serum AMH level could be a clinically useful predictor of ovarian response to COH.