N Region Addition in lmmunoglobulin Kappa Light Chains in B Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthriris Evidence for Over-expression of TDT in B lineage

Lee, Choong Won,S.Louis Bridges,Jr. 침례병원 2003 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.19 No.-

昆蟲組織培養細胞(Antheraea eucalypti Ovarian Cells)에 있어서 日本腦炎바이러스 增殖

李淵台,蘇特 大韓微生物學會 1969 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol. No.

美國 歷史家의 槪觀과 그 展望,1952年(秒譯)

웨레마이아, J.F,李春蘭 이화여자대학교 사학회 1959 梨大史苑 Vol.1 No.-

이글은 1956年 1月 "The American Historical Review"(PP.339-352)에 실린것으로 美國歷史家들의 動態를 여러모로 調査한 統計가 揭載되어 있었으므로 이것을 抄譯으로 紹介하고 史學徒들의 滋味있는 參考로 삼으려고 한다. 現在 新聞과 一般 乃至 學術雜誌에는 1940年以來의 美國 出産率의 急進的 增加와 아울러 高等敎育을 받고저 하는 人口의 繼續的인 增加 그리고 全國에 흐터저 있는 카래지와 유니버시티에 모여 들려고 하는 大學生의 洪水에 關한 記事로 가득 차 있다. 美國歷史協會의 會員들은 當面問題뿐만 아니라 將來問題에 비추어 보아 그들 職業에 關한 槪觀에 對하여 興味를 갖일 것이다. 1952年 「美國學術團體評議會」(The American Council of Learned Society)는 社會科學과 人文科學에 從事하는 人員에 關하여 統計學的 調査를 實施하였다. 23個의 學術團體의 協力으로 作成된 質問書와 專攻分野에 關한 調査書가 同評議會所屬 學術團體會員과 또 그들 會員이 指名한 사람들에게 送付되었다. 質問書와 調査書를 通하여 그들의 年齡, 市民權, 敎育程度, 外國語知識, 外國地域에 關한 知識, 專攻分野, 現在의 職位, 雇傭主, 年收入에 關한 報告를 하게 되어 있었다. 美國歷史協會員 4662名에게 質問書를 보냈으나 그中 56%가 回答을 돌려왔다. 그리고 다른 團體에 屬하나 歷史家로서 分類되는 數百名으로부터 回答이 들어왔다. 總數 2979名의 報告가 들어왔고 그中 2562名이 現職歷史家이며 그中 326名이 女流史學家이다. 한편 282名은 大學院學生이고, 135名이 大學在學生, 隱退者其他 職場을 갖이지 않는 사람들이다.

체위변경이 Furosemide 이뇨중 Aldosterone 배설에 미치는 영향

성호경,고주환,이장규,박기복,이경희,장호조,서성희,안희중,신옥자 주식회사 녹십자 1977 녹십자의보 Vol.5 No.2

Aerosol concentrations and composition in the North Pacific marine boundary layer

Choi, Yongjoo,Rhee, Tae Siek,Collett Jr., Jeffrey L.,Park Jr., Taehyun,Park Jr., Seung-Myung,Seo Jr., Beom-Keun,Park Jr., Gyutae,Park Jr., Keyhong,Lee Jr., Taehyoung Elsevier 2017 Atmospheric environment Vol.171 No.-

<P>Ship-borne measurements of inorganic and organic aerosols, including methanesulfonic acid (MSA), were conducted over the Northern Pacific using a High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). This study, conducted aboard the Korean ice breaker R/V Araon, was part of the SHIP borne Pole-to-Pole Observations (SHIPPO) project. Based on air mass source region, the cruise track could be divided into five sections. Overall, the South Asia and Northern Japan ship transects showed higher aerosol concentrations due to continental pollution and biomass burning sources, respectively. In all five regions, the average mass concentrations of sulfate and organic aerosols (OA) were much higher than concentrations of nitrate and ammonium. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis distinguished two organic aerosol factors as hydrocarbon-like and oxidized OA (HOA and OOA). HOA peaked in South Asia under the influence of anthropogenic pollution source areas, such as China and Korea, and generally decreased with increasing latitude across the full study region. OOA concentrations peaked in Northern Japan near the Tsugaru Strait and appear to reflect fine particle contributions from biomass burning. The mean HOA concentration in the clean marine area (Aleutian Island to Siberia) was 0.06 mu g/m(3) and comprised approximately 8% of the OA mass fraction. The highest MSA concentrations peaked in the Aleutian Islands at nearly 15 mu g/m(3), suggesting influence from higher dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions resulting from biological nutrient uptake during summer. The MSA/sulfate ratio, an indicator of the relative fine particle contributions of DMS and anthropogenic sources, revealed a sharp gradient as the ship approached the clean marine areas where the dominance of DMS increased. The patterns in OOA, HOA, and MSA concentrations found in this study provide a better understanding of the characteristics of inorganic and organic aerosols in the Northern Pacific Ocean. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

A role of low dose chemical mixtures in adipose tissue in carcinogenesis

Lee, Duk-Hee,Jacobs Jr, David R.,Park Jr, Ho Yong,Carpenter Jr, David O. Elsevier 2017 Environment international Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Halifax project recently hypothesized a composite carcinogenic potential of the mixture of low dose chemicals which are commonly encountered environmentally, yet which are not classified as human carcinogens. A long neglected but important fact is that adipose tissue is an important exposure source for chemical mixtures. In fact, findings from human studies based on several persistent organic pollutants in general populations with only background exposure should be interpreted from the viewpoint of chemical mixtures because serum concentrations of these chemicals can be seen as surrogates for chemical mixtures in adipose tissue. Furthermore, in conditions such as obesity with dysfunctional adipocytes or weight loss in which lipolysis is increased, the amount of the chemical mixture released from adipose tissue to circulation is increased. Thus, both obesity and weight loss can enhance the chance of chemical mixtures reaching critical organs, however paradoxical this idea may be when fat mass is the only factor considered. The complicated, interrelated dynamics of adipocytes and chemical mixtures can explain puzzling findings related to body weight among cancer patients, including the obesity paradox. The contamination of fat in human diet with chemical mixtures, occurring for reasons similar to contamination of human adipose tissue, may be a missing factor which affects the association between dietary fat intake and cancer. The presence of chemical mixtures in adipose tissue should be considered in future cancer research, including clinical trials on weight management among cancer survivors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Halifax project hypothesized a carcinogenic potential of chemical mixtures. </LI> <LI> Human adipose tissue is an important internal exposure source for chemical mixtures. </LI> <LI> Obesity with dysfunctional adipocytes can release chemical mixtures to circulation. </LI> <LI> Paradoxically, weight loss can also release chemical mixtures to circulation. </LI> <LI> Interrelated dynamics of adipocytes and chemicals can explain obesity paradox. </LI> </UL> </P>

Senescent Growth Arrest in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Bypassed by Wip1-Mediated Downregulation of Intrinsic Stress Signaling Pathways

Lee, Ji-Seon,Lee, Mi-Ok,Moon, Bo-Hyun,Shim, Sung Han,Fornace Jr., Albert J.,Cha, Hyuk-Jin Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 Stem Cells Vol.27 No.8

<P>Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely studied as a source of primary adult stem cells for cell therapy because of their multidifferentiation potential; however, the growth arrest (also known as 'premature senescence') often found in hMSCs cultured in vitro has been a major obstacle to the in-depth characterization of these cells. In addition, the inability to maintain constant cell growth hampers the development of additional genetic modifications aimed at achieving desired levels of differentiation to specific tissues; however, the molecular mechanisms that govern this phenomenon remain unclear, with the exception of a few studies demonstrating that induction of p16INK4a is responsible for this senescence-like event. Here, we observed that the premature growth arrest in hMSCs occurs in parallel with the induction of p16INK4a, following abrogation of inhibitory phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. These stress responses were concurrent with increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) from mitochondria and increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. The introduction of Wip1 (wild-type p53 inducible phosphatase-1), a well-studied stress modulator, significantly lowered p16INK4a expression and led to p38 MAPK inactivation, although it failed to affect the levels of ROSs. Moreover, the suppression of stress responses by Wip1 apparently extended the life span of hMSCs, compared with control conditions, while maintaining their multilineage differentiation potential. Based on these results, we suggest that senescent growth arrest in hMSCs may result from activation of stress signaling pathways and consequent onset of stress responses, due in part to ROS production during prolonged in vitro culture.</P>

Tophaceous gout of the rotator cuff

Lee WS,Yoon JR,Kim YB,Oh SR,Lee JW,Kim JK 대한견주관절의학회 2013 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.3

Associations between Cigarette Smoking and Total Mortality Differ Depending on Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants among the Elderly

Lee, Yu-Mi,Bae, Sang-Geun,Lee, Seon-Hwa,Jacobs Jr, David R.,Lee, Duk-Hee The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2013 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.28 No.8

<P>There are substantial variations of relative risks (RR) in smoking-related mortality by country and time. We hypothesized the RRs in smoking-related mortality might differ depending on serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). We evaluated the associations of cigarette smoking with total mortality in 610 elderly (aged ≥ 70 yr) (702 elderly for organochlorine pesticides [OCPs]) after stratification by serum concentration of POPs, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 followed through 2006. Summary measures of POPs subclasses showed significant or marginally significant interaction with cigarette smoking on the risk of total mortality. <I>P</I> values for interaction were 0.069 for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 0.008 for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 0.024 for OCPs. The effect of smoking on total mortality showed different patterns according to the serum concentration of some POPs. Former or current smokers had 1.4 to 2.9 times higher mortality rates compared with never smokers among participants with higher serum concentrations of POPs (2nd or 3rd tertiles). However, when the level of PCBs or OCPs were low (1st tertile), there were little positive associations between smoking and mortality. Our study suggests that the background exposure to several POPs may be related to variability in smoking-related total mortality.</P>

Neurotrophic arthritis of the elbow due to syringomyelia

Lee WS,Yoon JR,Kim YB,Oh SR,Lee JW,Kim JK 대한견주관절의학회 2013 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.3