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An Experience of the Early Stage of COVID-19 Outbreak in Nursing Homes in Gyeonggi Province, Korea
Gawon Choi,Na-young Kim,Seon-young Lee,Hae Deun Noh,Heeyoung Lee 대한임상노인의학회 2022 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.23 No.1
Background: We aimed to identify the problems in response and to present the importance of infection control in nursing homes (NHs) through an epidemiological analysis of the first and second COVID-19 outbreaks in Gyeonggi province. Methods: We reviewed the NH’s structural and operational data and in-depth epidemiologic reports for confirmed cases that were obtained as part of an emergency public health response. Results: Two COVID-19 outbreaks in NHs stemmed from infected nursing home workers (NHWs), and cohorting measures were implemented as a method of infection control. However, the outcome of cohorting was unfavorable due to the unexpected spread to NHWs wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during work. As a result, the majority of confirmed cases was nursing home residents with a median age of 86, and they accounted for 72% and 60% of confirmed cases in NH A and NH B, respectively. Moreover, all cases of mortality were nursing home residents, and the case-fatality rates were 44.44% and 33.33%, respectively. Conclusion: We confirmed that NHs and NHWs were closely involved in the process and outcomes of outbreaks. Enhanced infection control techniques for NHs and NHWs should be mandatory to prevent further transmission in addition to external factors such as social measures and medical supplies.
Lee Gawon,Heo Sojeong,Kim Tao,Na Hong-Eun,Park Junghyun,Lee Eungyo,이종훈,정도원 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.8
Bacillus subtilis is a useful bacterium in the food industry with applications as a starter strain for fermented food and as a probiotic. However, it is difficult to discriminate B. subtilis from other Bacillus species because of high phenotypic and genetic similarity. In this study, we employed five previously constructed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods for the discrimination of B. subtilis from other Bacillus species and all five MLST assays clearly distinguished B. subtilis. Additionally, the 17 housekeeping genes used in the five MLST assays also clearly distinguished B. subtilis. The pyruvate carboxylase (pyrA) and shikimate dehydrogenase (aroE) genes were selected for the discrimination of B. subtilis because of their high number of polymorphic sites and the fact that they displayed the lowest homology among the 17 housekeeping genes. Specific primer sets for the pyrA and aroE genes were designed and PCR products were specifically amplified from B. subtilis, demonstrating the high specificity of the two housekeeping genes for B. subtilis. This species-specific PCR method provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable alternative to conventional methods in the detection and identification of B. subtilis.
기포펌프 형상조건에 따른 확산형 흡수식 냉동기의 운전특성에 관한 연구
이가원(Gawon Lee),강용태(Yong Tae Kang) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
확산형 흡수식 냉동 사이클은 냉매와 흡수제가 열원 구동되는 기포펌프에 의해 순환하는 사이클이며 그 외 기계적 구동부는 필요로 하지 않는 특징을 가지고 있다. 확산형 흡수식 냉동기에서 가장 흔히 사용되는 작동 유체는 냉매로 사용되는 암모니아와 흡수제로 사용되는 물이며, 보조가스로는 헬륨이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 확산형 흡수식 냉동기에 Low GWP 대체 냉매인 R1234ze(E)를 냉매로 사용하고 유기화합물인 N, N’-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) 를 흡수제로 사용할 때 기포펌프의 조건에 따라 달라지는 운전 특성을 연구하였다. 기포펌프의 단면적 조건은 7.917mm² - 31.669mm² 범위에서 실험을 진행하여 단면적이 증가할 때 증발기 온도가 감소하지만 지나치게 큰 단면적에서는 다시 증가하는 것을 확인했다. 또한 기포펌프에 대한 입열량을 50W 및 70W 의 조건으로 비교한 결과 더 큰 입열량에서 증발기 온도가 감소했다. 본 연구에서 확인한 확산형 흡수식 냉동 사이클의 최적 운전 조건은 기포펌프 단면적 17.814mm² 및 입열량 70W 인 경우로 나타났다.
Jeonghwan Lee,Jung-Woo Son,Siekyeong Kim,Ji-eun Kim,Seungwon Chung,Hei-Rhee Ghim,Sang-Ick Lee,Chul-Jin Shin,Gawon Ju 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2021 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.32 No.4
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between brain structure and empathy in early adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nineteen early adolescents with ADHD and 20 healthy controls underwent 3T MRI. All the participants were assessed for different aspects of empathy using measures including the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Quotient. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural volume based on T1-weighted scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Results: Cognitive empathy (t=-2.52, p=0.016) and perspective taking (t=-2.10, p=0.043) were impaired in the ADHD group compared with the control group. The cluster encompassing the left posterior insular, supramarginal, and transverse temporal cortices [cluster-wise p-value (CWP)=0.001], which are associated with emotional empathy, was significantly smaller in the ADHD group, and the volume of the left nucleus accumbens was greater than that of the control group (F=10.12, p=0.003, effect size=0.22). In the control group, the left superior temporal (CWP=0.002) and lingual cortical (CWP=0.035) thicknesses were positively associated with cognitive empathy, while the right amygdala volume was positively associated with empathic concern (Coef=14.26, t=3.92, p=0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between empathy and brain structure in the ADHD group. Conclusion: The ADHD group had a smaller volume of the cortical area associated with emotional empathy than the control group, and there was no brain region showing significant correlation with empathy, unlike in the control group.
Ju Gawon,Lee Jeonghwan,Ahn Myung Hee,Lee Joohee,Kim Eun Jeong,Suh Sooyeon,Chung Seockhoon 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.36
Background: This study explored the clinical variables related to public workers' stress and anxiety regarding the viral epidemic, and the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between their depression and anxiety in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A total of 938 public workers answered anonymous questionnaires in May 2020. The survey included rating scales such as the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE9), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 2 items (CD-RISC 2), and subjects also answered whether they were employed in COVID-19 related fields. Results: Married, female, junior, public workers reported a higher level of stress and anxiety in response to the viral epidemic. Furthermore, high levels of stress and anxiety toward the epidemic are defined by high PHQ-9, high GAD-7, and low CD-RISC 2 scores. It could also be seen that resilience mediated the effect of depression in public workers and their stress and anxiety levels toward the epidemic. Conclusion: It is important to reduce the psychological burden of public workers and manage their mental health to help them cope with the epidemic wisely and efficiently. Among many mental health factors, psychological resilience represents an essential target for psychological intervention among public workers.