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Shim, Ee Le,Lee, Min Ho,Lu, Ming-Yen,Kang, Chi Jung,Lee, Kyu-Wang,Choi, Young Jin American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.12
<P>Boron-doped microcrystalline diamond (BMD) and nanocrystalline diamond (BND) thin films were grown on Si substrates by microwave-assisted chemical vapor deposition, and their field emission properties were evaluated. BND exhibited a lower turn-on field and higher field enhancement factor than BMD. Furthermore, in a long-term emission stability test, BND showed only a 4% increase in the current density after 12 h of emission, whereas the current density of BMD decreased by - 59%. These results indicate that BND is a more stable and viable current emitter than BMD.</P>
Sang-Mok Cha,Jae-Kyoung Shim,Kyeong-Yeoll Le 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family that is specific to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is known as chaperones and signaling regulators that respond to ER stresses in vertebrates. However, its function in invertebrates, including insects, is uncertain. Here we determined a full cDNA sequence and the expression patterns of grp78 of Aphis gossypii, which is a major pest of numerous crop plants worldwide. Its cDNA had highly conserved motifs of the HSP70 family and the C-terminal motif of KDEL characteristic of ER-specific HSPs. It showed 98.5% identity with the GRP78 of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the grp78 level was higher in the fourth instar nymph than in the younger instar and adult stages. Its level was not affected by thermal stress of 10 to 40°C for 1 h. The grp78 level was proportional to the ingestion of a sucrose solution ranging in concentration from 0% to 30% in a Parafilm feeding chamber. In addition, the grp78 level varied among aphids feeding on leaves from 14 different host plants for 24 h; it was higher with eggplant and pepper but lower with pigweed and tobacco than any other plants. Our study suggests that the grp78 level is regulated by nutritional condition of A. gossypii.
Unique Genetic and Survival Characteristics of Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Shim, Hyo Sup,Kenudson, Mari-,Zheng, Zongli,Liebers, Matthew,Cha, Yoon Jin,Hoang Ho, Quan,Onozato, Maristela,Phi Le, Long,Heist, Rebecca S.,Iafrate, A. John Elsevier 2015 JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY Vol.10 No.8
Sequential activation of anticancer therapy triggered by tumor microenvironment-selective imaging
Shim, Gayong,Le, Quoc-Viet,Suh, Juhan,Choi, Sunhee,Kim, Gunwoo,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Young Bong,Macgregor Jr, Robert B.,Oh Jr, Yu-Kyoung Elsevier Science Publishers 2019 Journal of controlled release Vol.298 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The combination of imaging and anticancer therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy. However, nonspecific imaging signals and distribution of anticancer drugs at normal tissues limit the specificity of the combination therapy. To overcome the challenges, we designed a system which can selectively visualize cancer tissues and initiate the subsequent action of therapeutic molecules in tumor microenvironment. Exploiting the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the tumor microenvironment, we designed a graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheet system loaded with a pegylated MMP-cleavable imaging probe and an anticancer peptide shielded under the imaging probe. GO loaded with pegylated imaging probe derivative and anticancer buforin IIb peptide (IPGO/BF) was not fluorescent and BF hidden within pegylated surfaces did not exert anticancer activity. However, in tumor microenvironment, IPGO/BF selectively provided imaging by liberating pegylated fluorescent moiety. The cleavage of MMP-sensitive peptide triggered imaging signal and subsequent exposure of shielded BF on GO and enhanced its therapeutic function. SCC7 tumor-bearing mice treated with IPGO/BF exhibited selective fluorescence in tumor tissues, and greater imaging signal-dependent antitumor effects compared with other groups. The selective imaging-dependent sequential activation of anticancer therapy in tumor microenvironment would be a feasible strategy to reduce the nonspecific false-positive signals of tumor imaging and undesirable side effects of anticancer drugs at normal tissues.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
<i>In Situ</i> Nanoadjuvant-Assembled Tumor Vaccine for Preventing Long-Term Recurrence
Le, Quoc-Viet,Suh, Juhan,Choi, Jin Joo,Park, Gyu Thae,Lee, Jung Weon,Shim, Gayong,Oh, Yu-Kyoung American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.7
<P>Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy, a monotherapy approach is not sufficient. Here, we report an immune checkpoint inhibitor-modified nanoparticle for an <I>in situ</I>-assembled tumor vaccine that can activate immune systems in the tumor microenvironment and prevent the long-term recurrence of tumors. Adjuvant-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by entrapping imiquimod (IQ) in photoresponsive polydopamine nanoparticles (IQ/PNs). The surfaces of IQ/PNs were then modified with anti-PDL1 antibody (PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs) for <I>in situ</I> assembly with inactivated tumor cells and immune checkpoint blocking of PDL1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1). The presence of anti-PDL1 antibodies on IQ/PNs increased the binding of nanoparticles to CT26 cancer cells overexpressing PDL1. Subsequent near-infrared (NIR) irradiation induced a greater photothermal anticancer effect against cells treated with PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs than cells treated with plain PNs or unmodified IQ/PNs. To mimic the tumor microenvironment, we cocultured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with CT26 cells treated with various nanoparticle formulations and NIR irradiated. This coculture study revealed that NIR-inactivated, PDL1Ab-IQ/PN-bound CT26 cells induced maturation of dendritic cells to the greatest extent. Following a single intravenous administration of different nanoparticle formulations in CT26 tumor-bearing mice, PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs showed greater tumor tissue accumulation than unmodified nanoparticles. Subsequent NIR irradiation of mice treated with PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs resulted in tumor ablation. In addition to primary tumor ablation, PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs completely prevented the growth of a secondarily challenged CT26 tumor at a distant site, producing 100% survival for up to 150 days. A long-term protection study revealed that treatment with PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs followed by NIR irradiation inhibited the growth of distant, secondarily challenged CT26 tumors 150 days after the first tumor inoculation. Moreover, increased infiltration of T cells was observed in tumor tissues treated with PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs and NIR-irradiated, and T cells isolated from splenocytes of mice in which tumor recurrence was prevented showed active killing of CT26 cells. These results suggest that PDL1Ab-IQ/PNs in conjunction with NIR irradiation induce a potent, <I>in situ</I>-assembled, all-in-one tumor vaccine with adjuvant-containing nanoparticle-bound, inactivated tumor cells. Such <I>in situ</I> nanoadjuvant-assembled tumor vaccines can be further developed for long-term prevention of tumor recurrence without the need for chemotherapy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Light-switchable systems for remotely controlled drug delivery
Shim, Gayong,Ko, Seungbeom,Kim, Dongyoon,Le, Quoc-Viet,Park, Gyu Thae,Lee, Jaiwoo,Kwon, Taekhyun,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Young Bong,Oh, Yu-Kyoung Elsevier 2017 Journal of controlled release Vol.267 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Light-switchable systems have recently received attention as a new mode of remotely controlled drug delivery. In the past, a multitude of nanomedicine studies have sought to enhance the specificity of drug delivery to target sites by focusing on receptors overexpressed on malignant cells or environmental features of diseases sites. Despite these immense efforts, however, there are few clinically available nanomedicines. We need a paradigm shift in drug delivery. One strategy that may overcome the limitations of pathophysiology-based drug delivery is the use of remotely controlled delivery technology. Unlike pathophysiology-based active drug targeting strategies, light-switchable systems are not affected by the heterogeneity of cells, tissue types, and/or microenvironments. Instead, they are triggered by remote light (i.e., near-infrared) stimuli, which are absorbed by photoresponsive molecules or three-dimensional nanostructures. The sequential conversion of light to heat or reactive oxygen species can activate drug release and allow it to be spatio-temporally controlled. Light-switchable systems have been used to activate endosomal drug escape, modulate the release of chemical and biological drugs, and alter nanoparticle structures to control the release rates of drugs. This review will address the limitations of pathophysiology-based drug delivery systems, the current status of light-based remote-switch systems, and future directions in the application of light-switchable systems for remotely controlled drug delivery.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>