http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Alam, M. Zahangir,Lee, Yun-Mi,Son, Hyo-Jung,Hanna, Lauren H.,Riley, David G.,Mannen, Hideyuki,Sasazaki, Shinji,Park, Se Pill,Kim, Jong-Joo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.5
Objective: Conservation and genetic improvement of cattle breeds require information about genetic diversity and population structure of the cattle. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of the three cattle breeds in the Korean peninsula. Methods: Jeju Black, Hanwoo, Holstein cattle in Korea, together with six foreign breeds were examined. Genetic diversity within the cattle breeds was analyzed with minor allele frequency (MAF), observed and expected heterozygosity (HO and HE), inbreeding coefficient (FIS) and past effective population size. Molecular variance and population structure between the nine breeds were analyzed using a model-based clustering method. Genetic distances between breeds were evaluated with Nei's genetic distance and Weir and Cockerham's FST. Results: Our results revealed that Jeju Black cattle had lowest level of heterozygosity (HE = 0.21) among the studied taurine breeds, and an average MAF of 0.16. The level of inbreeding was -0.076 for Jeju Black, while -0.018 to -0.118 for the other breeds. Principle component analysis and neighbor-joining tree showed a clear separation of Jeju Black cattle from other local (Hanwoo and Japanese cattle) and taurine/indicine cattle breeds in evolutionary process, and a distinct pattern of admixture of Jeju Black cattle having no clustering with other studied populations. The FST value between Jeju Black cattle and Hanwoo was 0.106, which was lowest across the pair of breeds ranging from 0.161 to 0.274, indicating some degree of genetic closeness of Jeju Black cattle with Hanwoo. The past effective population size of Jeju Black cattle was very small, i.e. 38 in 13 generation ago, whereas 209 for Hanwoo. Conclusion: This study indicates genetic uniqueness of Jeju Black cattle. However, a small effective population size of Jeju Black cattle indicates the requirement for an implementation of a sustainable breeding policy to increase the population for genetic improvement and future conservation.
Shuo Zhang,Zeng-Jun Sun,Lauren H. Lee 동중앙아시아경상학회 2015 한몽경상학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10
In recent years, with the popularity of smart mobile phone, the arrival of the mobile Internet makes e-commerce got further development, but the development of logistics industry is relatively backward, has become the biggest bottleneck in the development of electronic commerce, this paper first analyzes the development of electronic commerce is then proposed to establish and improve the electronic commerce the distribution system of measures, takes various factors into consideration, take effective methods to make the optimization of the distribution system.