New Third Rail Implementation System for Conventional Railroad Tracks in Service

Laura Montalbán Domingo,Clara Zamorano Martín,Julia I. Real Herráiz,Laura Gómez del Rey 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.2

Two track gauges coexist in Spain, the Iberian gauge (1668 mm) and the international gauge (1435 mm). Solutions applied on the track were considered to improve the interoperability in Spain. First solution proposed was tracks with two-gauge-ready sleepers. This solution allows changing the gauge from Iberian to International gauge or from International to Iberian gauge. The need of two gauges evolved this solution to the third rail system with two-simultaneous-gauge sleepers. In this paper, a new third-rail track solution is proposed. This solution is a novel system based on the introduction of special concrete blocks between the existing sleepers to fasten the third rail. Thus, the conventional railroad track becomes in a double-simultaneous-gauge lines without needing change existing sleepers and make long traffic interruptions of the track like in common third-rail systems. In the present study, threedimensional numerical models are generated using finite-element method. The analysis of the vertical displacements of the top head of the rails, vertical stresses transmitted to the substructure layers and vertical track stiffness, demonstrate the good vertical performance of the new system compared to the conventional lines with dual-gauge-ready sleepers and the common third rail tracks.

On the nature of alternations in phonological acquisition

Laura W,McGarrity 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Dinnsen, Daniel A., and Laura W. McGarrity. 2004. On the nature of alternations in phonological acquisition. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 23. 41. This paper brings first-language acquisition evidence to bear on a guiding principle of phonology, namely the Alternation Condition, and identifies some problems with its integration into both rule-based and constraint-based theories of phonology. It has long been held that neutralization rules apply only in derived environments and that no phonological rule can apply exclusively in a nonderived environment. Three problematic case studies are considered. In the first of these, a process is shown to apply exclusively in a nonderived environment. The second case involves a different process that is also restricted to a nonderived environ-ment but requires an extended notion of what constitutes a (non)derived environment. The third case finds the same process to be restricted to a derived environment, but again requires the extended interpretation of (non)derived environments. Optimality theoretic accounts of these phenomena are formulated to take advantage of developmental changes in morphology and constraint rankings. (Indiana University)

A Case Report of Resection of a Mediastinal Paraganglioma: Why All the Fuss?

Laura Mary Staunton,Laura Casey,Vincent K. Young,Gerard J. Fitzmaurice 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2022 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.55 No.2

Mediastinal paragangliomas are rare tumors that have only been reported in individual cases or limited case series. Surgical resection of these tumors can be challenging, as they are highly vascular and intimately related to the great vessels. Surgery is usually performed via median sternotomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. We present the case of a mediastinal paraganglioma that was resected via a left-sided posterolateral thoracotomy. Histopathology revealed a completely resected 38-mm paraganglioma with a positive station 5 lymph node, indicative of locally aggressive disease. Hereditary paragangliomas are associated with malignant transformation; therefore, genetic testing is important. These tumors do not respond well to chemoradiotherapy, and consequently lifelong surveillance for early detection of recurrence is recommended.

Oral Food Desensitization in Children With IgE-Mediated Cow’s Milk Allergy: Immunological Changes Underlying Desensitization

Laura Perezábad,Marta Reche,Teresa Valbuena,Rosina López-Fandiño,Elena Molina,Iván López-Expósito 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy to induce clinical desensitization to cow’s milk (CM) of an oral immunotherapy (OIT) protocol in a pediatric population with cow’s milk allergy (CMA). In addition, the immune responses against β-casein, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CMA patients, before and after the protocol were evaluated and compared to a nonallergic population. Methods: A group of 20 children with IgE-mediated CMA and 15 nonallergic children were recruited. Allergic subjects underwent an OIT protocol based on weekly doses of commercial semi-skimmed ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) CM, followed by a maintenance phase. Immune profiles and changes in all subjects were investigated by measuring Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokines, transcription factors, and specific IgE and IgG4 levels. Results: The CMOIT protocol enabled to desensitize 70% of the allergic patients. Successful OIT was accompanied by significant increases in casein-specific IgG4 levels, together with a reduction in the concentration of antigen-specific IgE and in IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 production by β-casein-stimulated PBMCs. Baseline significant differences observed between allergic and nonallergic children in IL-13 and IL-5 levels were no longer found once the protocol had finished. Conclusions: The OIT protocol was safe and effective in inducing milk desensitization in 70% of the children with CMA, leading to alterations in their immune profiles toward a nonallergic phenotype.

An Open Letter to Future International English Teachers - A Study of Cross-cultural Differences in Teaching and Learning Styles In South Korea and North America -Suggestions for Activities for the First Week of the Semester that can Make all the Differenc

( Laura J. Gerken ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2004 비교문화연구 Vol.7 No.-

A Multi-dimensional Approach to Support Youth Taekwondo Athletes

( Laura Capranica ),( Salvatore Chiodo ),( Antonio Tessitore ) 국제태권도학회 2017 Journal of the International Association for Taekw Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: Youth Taekwondo competitions vary in relation to age and technical level of the ath-letes. However, the assumption that a scaled-down approach of adult competitions facilitates the development of youth athletes is not necessarily substantiated with field-based research. There-fore, the aim of this study was to present: 1) a multi-dimensional research approach to official youth Taekwondo competitions, including psychophysiological responses and technical-tactical behaviors; 2) aspects relevant to the selection of talented youth athletes; and 3) the best practices to support the holistic development of talented athletes in pursuing high performance sport and academic careers (e.g., dual careers). Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to investigate Italian youth Taekwondo athletes (aged 10-17 years) during official youth competitions and during a selection period. Furthermore, European dual career policies for athletes were analyzed. Results: Despite the high psychophysiological demands of official youth Taekwondo competi-tions, children tend to perceive moderate match-related efforts. During a training camp, selected athletes perceived lower efforts with respect to non-selected camps despite no difference in per-formance and mood between subgroups. Although the European Parliament and Commission pri-oritize the holistic development of elite athletes, different approaches are in place in Europe, rang-ing from state-centric regulations to laisser-faire/no formal structures. Conclusions: The multidimensional research approach to Taekwondo highlighted that the assess-ment of the athlete`s perceived efforts during training and competition could help coaches monitor their training programs and apply effective recovery strategies between matches. Athletes should be supported in their holistic development by combining sport and education.

Understanding the Determinants of Economic Integration in Latin America

( Laura Marquez-ramos ),( Luis Marcelo Florensa ),( Maria Luisa Recalde ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.3

When signing or enhancing trade agreements with Latin America, political and institutional factors play a more important role at present compared with their role in the past. In addition, a better institutional framework increases covered and legally enforceable provisions in Latin America trade agreements. This paper analyzes the determinants of economic integration in Latin America and the institutional quality of signed trade agreements with this region. By focusing on both a discrete choice and a linear framework, the study results prove that economic, geographic, institutional, and political factors influence economic integration. This is because these aspects are key elements in the formation and enhancement of trade agreements both within and outside Latin America. This study considers the role of additional exogenous political facts, such as the September 11 attacks in New York City, and the Revolucion Bolivariana, a leftist movement in Venezuela, which affected economic integration in Latin America.

Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Administration on Glycemic Control, Insulin Secretion, and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Laura Y. Zuniga,Martha C. Aceves-de la Mora,Manuel Gonzalez-Ortiz,Julia L. Ramos-Nunez,Esperanza Martınez-Abundis 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.5

Chlorogenic acid has been described as a novel polyphenol with metabolic effects on glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acid administration on glycemic control, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 30 patients with IGT; 15 patients randomly assigned to oral chlorogenic acid received 400 mg three times per day for 12 weeks, and the other 15 patients received placebo in the same way. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric and metabolic measurements, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c, and a lipid profile, were performed. Area under the curve of glucose and insulin as well as the insulinogenic, Stumvoll, and Matsuda indices were calculated. Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, and chi-square tests were performed, and P £ .05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant decreases in FPG (5.7 – 0.4 vs. 5.5 – 0.4 mmol/L, P = .002), insulinogenic index (0.71 – 0.25 vs. 0.63 – 0.25, P = .028), body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein levels in the chlorogenic acid group, with an increment in the Matsuda index (1.98 – 0.88 vs. 2.30 – 1.23, P = .002). There were no significant differences in the placebo group. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid administration in patients with IGT decreased FPG and insulin secretion, while increasing insulin sensitivity and improving both anthropometric evaluations and the lipid profile.

More Than Just Adolescence: Differences in Fatigue Between Youth With Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Peers

Laura K. Brunton,Elizabeth G. Condliffe,Gregor Kuntze,Leticia Janzen,Shane Esau,Clodagh M. Toomey,Carolyn A. Emery 대한재활의학회 2021 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.45 No.3

Objective To quantify differences in fatigue and disordered sleep between adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically developing peers. A secondary aim was to investigate the association between fatigue and disordered sleep in adolescents with CP. Methods A convenience sample of 36 youth with CP aged 10–18 years was matched for age and sex with 36 typically developing peers. The Fatigue Impact and Severity Self-Assessment (FISSA), the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) fatigue profile, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were collected. Results Higher fatigue was reported in participants with CP than in their typically developing peers based on the FISSA total score (mean paired difference=19.06; 99% confidence interval [CI], 6.06–32.1), the FISSA impact subscale (mean paired difference=11.19; 99% CI, 3.96–18.4), and the FISSA Management and Activity Modification subscale (mean paired difference=7.86; 99% CI, 1.1–14.6). There were no differences between groups in the PROMIS fatigue profile (mean paired difference=1.63; 99% CI, -1.57–4.83) or the SDSC total score (mean paired difference=2.71; 99% CI, -2.93–8.35). Conclusion Youth with CP experienced significantly more fatigue than their peers as assessed by a comprehensive measure that considered both general and diagnosis-specific concerns. Sleep did not differ between youth with CP and their typically developing peers. These findings underscore the need to consider the clinical management of fatigue across the lifespan of individuals with CP to prevent the associated deterioration of functional abilities.

Improving the Legal Accountability of International Institutions to States - Comparing Constitutionalist and Global Administrative Law Approaches -

Laura S. Henry 세계헌법학회한국학회 2016 世界憲法硏究 Vol.22 No.1

In spite of many recent innovations to enhance the accountability of international institutions, there exist few legal mechanisms for a member state of an international institution to hold it legally accountable. Inductively-oriented studies of global or “postnational” governance from the perspectives of Constitutionalism and Global Administrative Law (“GAL”) suggest that, through well-designed forms of independent institutional review, international institutions with a global scope can enhance accountability to Member States while also providing a stable framework for interaction between a regime and its own subjects. This article explores the views of scholars of the Constitutional approach to international law and GAL on forms of legal institutional review with a view to better designing international institutions.