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Korean Studies in the Russia of the Soviet Period
( Andrei Lankov ) 대한민국역사박물관 2014 Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies Vol.1 No.1
This article traces the history of Korean Studies in Tsarist Russia and the USSR and the major driving forces that influenced Russia’s approach to Korea. It demonstrates that, on the one hand, Korean Studies was created by the state and that its existence would be impossible without consistent state support driven by government policy. The exact goals of such policy changed over time: from imperial expansion and revolutionary activism to managing a rather unreliable semi-ally in an important but unstable region next to the Soviet Union’s Far Eastern frontier. Scholars embraced government policy with varying degrees of enthusiasm, and in the post-1953 period, it became possible to avoid excessive involvement with politics if such was an individual scholar’s inclination. At the same time, the non-market nature of the Soviet economy often provided scholars with rather unique opportunities.like the room to concentrate on classical and pre-modern studies.
The North Korean Workers in Russia: Problematizing the “Forced Labor” Discourse
Andrei Lankov,Peter Ward,Jiyoung Kim 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2020 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.44 No.1
In recent years, North Korean workers overseas have begun to attract increasing attention of the international media, human rights activists, and academics. They are often depicted as being “modern-day slaves,” but the present article challenges this approach. It relies on a number of sources, including interviews with former workers (currently residing outside North Korea) and their Russian employers. In many regards, overseas North Korean workers face problematic circumstances. Nonetheless, workers compete for the op portunity to go overseas, since the overseas work, in spite of all hardships, is much preferable to all jobs they can re alistically have at home. Rather than seeing themselves as victims, more or less all our interviewees perceive themselves as active and entrepreneurial individuals who succeeded in securing work that, in spite of hard conditions, opens ave nues for upward social mobility. They faced constraints and difficulties, of which they are all too aware, but also had agency to act within these constraints. We offer a critical ex amination of the “forced labor” claim and the applicability of the International Labour Organization’s Forced Labour Convention to the issue.
Making Money in the State: North Korea's Pseudo-State Enterprises in the Early 2000s
Andrei Lankov,Peter Ward,유호열,김지영 동아시아연구원 2017 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.1
In the 1990s, a part of the North Korean economy underwent a process of marketization and defacto privatization. While largely spontaneous, this process was eerily reminiscent of developments in other post-Communist countries in Eastern Europe. One of the results was the emergence of a new entrepreneurial class, a nascent bourgeoisie. In order to overcome the obstacles that arose from the lack of any legal framework for their activities, they often chose to register their enterprises with state agencies, creating what we call Pseudo-state Enterprises (PSEs). Utilizing an agency theory approach, with particular emphasis on property rights and contracting problems, this article traces the origin of the PSE, their interaction with the state, how they are managed and the challenges they face. The article is based on refugee interviews with five North Koreans involved with the PSE-related activities in nine entities covering a range of different sectors.
The Destruction of Non-Communist Parties in D.P.R.K.(1945-1959) and its Impact on Industries
Andrei, Lankov 明知大學附設 中小企業經營硏究所 1995 中小企業論集 Vol.9 No.-
조선민주주의인민공화국은 여타의 사회주의 국가와 마찬가지로 공식적으로는 다당제이다. 막강한 권력을 가진 노동당 이외에 민주당과 청운당이 오래 전부터 괴뢰기관으로써 북한에 존재해 오고 있다. 소련의 경우, 비공산주의 정당이 공산주자들과 군부에 상당한 영향력을 행사했었지만, 북한의 정당제도에서는 주변의 사회주의 국가와는 특별히 다른 점을 보여왔다. 본 논문에서는 북한의 비공산주의 정당들이 해외선전용 혹은 일당체제 실형을 위한 도구로써 이용되어 왔음을 1948-58년 사이의 평양 주재 소련 대사관의 자료를 통하여 입증하는 한편, 이러한 북한 체제의 특성이 기업에 미치는 영향을 분석한다.