Effects of Tween 80 on In Vitro Fermentation of Silages and Interactive Effects of Tween 80, Monensin and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Growth Performance by Feedlot Cattle

Wang, Y.,McAllister, T.A.,Baah, J.,Wilde, R.,Beauchemin, K.A.,Rode, L.M.,Shelford, J.A.,Kamande, G.M.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.7

The effects of monensin, Tween 80 and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation and animal performance were studied in vitro and in vivo. In Expt 1, the effects of the surfactant Tween 80 (0.2% wt/wt, DM basis) on ruminal fermentation of alfalfa, corn and orchardgrass silages were investigated using in vitro gas production techniques. Tween 80 did not affect (p>0.05) cumulative gas production at 24 h, but it reduced (p<0.05) the lag in fermentation of all three silages. With corn silage and orchardgrass silage, gas production rates and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were increased (p<0.05) by Tween 80; with alfalfa silage, they were reduced (p<0.05). Tween 80 increased (p<0.05) the proportion of propionate in total VFA, and reduced (p<0.05) acetate to propionate ratios (A:P) with all three silages. In Expt 2, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (E; at 0, 37.5 or 75 g/tonne DM), monensin (M; at 0 or 25 ppm and Tween 80 (T; at 0 or 2 L/tonne DM) were added alone or in combination to backgrounding and finishing diets fed to 320 crossbred steers in a feeding trial with a $3{\times}2{\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The backgrounding and finishing diets contained barley grain and barley silage in ratios of 57.8:42.2 and 93.5:6.5 (DM basis), respectively. Added alone, none of the additives affected DM intake (p>0.1) in the backgrounding or in the finishing period, but interactive $M{\times}T$ effects were observed in the finishing period (p=0.02) and overall (p=0.04). In the finishing period, T without M tended to reduce DM intake (p=0.11), but T with M increased (p=0.05) DM intake. Monensin increased average daily gain (ADG) during backgrounding (p=0.07) and finishing (p=0.01), and this ionophore also improved overall feed efficiency (p=0.02). Warm carcass weight was increased (p<0.001) by M, but dressing percentage was reduced (p=0.07). In the backgrounding period, T increased ADG by 7% (p=0.06). Enzymes increased (p=0.07) ADG by 5 and 6% (low and high application rates, respectively) during backgrounding, but did not affect (p>0.10) ADG during finishing, or overall feed efficiency. Whereas T enhanced the positive effects of M on ADG during backgrounding (p=0.04) and overall (p=0.05), it had no impact (p>0.1) on the effects of E. Interactions between M and T suggest that the surfactant may have potential for enhancing the positive effects of monensin on beef production, but this requires further research.

Is iron unique in promoting electrical conductivity in MOFs?

Sun, L.,Hendon, C.,Park, S.,Tulchinsky, Y.,Wan, R.,Wang, F.,Walsh, A.,Dinca, M. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.6

<P>Identifying the metal ions that optimize charge transport and charge density in metal-organic frameworks is critical for systematic improvements in the electrical conductivity in these materials. In this work, we measure the electrical conductivity and activation energy for twenty different MOFs pertaining to four distinct structural families: M-2(DOBDC)(DMF)(2) (M = Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+); H4DOBDC = 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; DMF = N, N-dimethylformamide), M-2(DSBDC)(DMF)(2) (M = Mn2+, Fe2+; H4DSBDC = 2,5-disulfhydrylbenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid), M2Cl2(BTDD)(DMF)(2) (M = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+; H2BTDD = bis(1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b],[40,50-i]dibenzo[1,4]dioxin), and M(1,2,3-triazolate)(2) (M = Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+). This comprehensive study allows us to single-out iron as the metal ion that leads to the best electrical properties. The iron-based MOFs exhibit at least five orders of magnitude higher electrical conductivity and significantly smaller charge activation energies across all different MOF families studied here and stand out materials made from all other metal ions considered here. We attribute the unique electrical properties of iron-based MOFs to the high-energy valence electrons of Fe2+ and the Fe3+/2+ mixed valency. These results reveal that incorporating Fe2+ in the charge transport pathways of MOFs and introducing mixed valency are valuable strategies for improving electrical conductivity in this important class of porous materials.</P>

The Effect of High CO₂ Treatment and MA Packaging on Asparagus Quality and Shelf Life during Cold Storage

( Wang,L. X. ),( I. L. Choi ),( J. H. Lee ),( H. M. Kang ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2019 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.31 No.2

Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) films of 1,300 and 10,000 cc/m²/day/atm, perforated (P), micro-perforated (MP), and vacuum (V) films were investigated for suitability in maintaining the quality and prolonging shelf life of asparagus during cold storage. An additional investigation using 60% (v/v) carbon dioxide treatment (V + 60% CO₂) was also performed. All samples lost fresh weight over time, P and V + 60% CO₂ had the highest and lowest fresh weight loss rate by the last day. Only 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR films kept the asparagus at a marketable value, the least off-odor was detected in P, and the worst was in V + 60% CO₂ in final day. The V + 60% CO₂ resulted in lower firmness in asparagus tips, and the V resulted in the lowest firmness in stems. Although, little color changes happened in all treatments, the V + 60% CO₂ treatment had greater soluble solids content and hue angle. The highest ethylene concentration was detected in the V film. The CO₂ and O₂ levels of the 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR treatments were more suitable for asparagus storage. In general, based on the visual quality, 1,300 cc and 10,000 cc OTR films were more effective for asparagus cold storage. To some extent, high CO₂ treatment exhibited a positive effect on maintaining internal quality, fresh weight and color of asparagus.

Fabrications and dielectric performances of novel composites: Calcium copper titanate / Polyvinylidene fluoride

Wang J.J.,Deng Q.J.,He Y.Y.,Feng Y.N.,Kang M.P.,Duan X.L.,Yang Y.L. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.39 No.-

CCTO (Calcium copper titanate) powder as inorganic filler was synthesized by the Sol-gel method firstly. CCTO/ PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) composite was fabricated by solution mixing based on high temperature resistance of PVDF and insulated property of CCTO. The composite of CCTO/PVDF were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and impedance analysis. The results showed that the addition of CCTO and increasing in its content did not affect the phase- and microstructure of the composites,but the increase of CCTO content can induce the generation of C–F new bonds. PVDF/CCTO composites were enhanced in performance of thermal and frequency-depended stability with increasing in the fraction of CCTO. The dielectric constant of CCTO/PVDF composite materials with 50% CCTO achieved to a maximum value of 50 almost, which is 5 times higher the pure PVDF. The conductivity felled into 10-8 to 10-1 S m-1 during the frequency of 102–108 Hz. The composite material would be expected to be applied in the field of integrated circuit.

Effect of magnesium carbonate on microstructure and rolling behaviors of AZ31 alloy

Wang, L.,Kim, Y.M.,Lee, J.,You, B.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2011 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.528 No.3

The present study aims at investigating grain refinement and rolling behavior of a magnesium carbonate (MgCO<SUB>3</SUB>) added AZ31 alloy. MgO particles produced by decomposition of MgCO<SUB>3</SUB> in an AZ31 melt act as effective heterogeneous nuclei, and decrease the grain size of the ingot from 310 to 117μm. Grain refinement alters the hot deformation mechanism of AZ31 alloy from TDRX-dominance to CDRX-dominance. The twinned regions provide easy crack propagation routes and thus deteriorate workability. As a result, workability in hot rolling especially up to the intermediate stage is improved.

CaMKIIα interacts with M4 muscarinic receptors to control receptor and psychomotor function

Guo, M. L.,Fibuch, E. E.,Liu, X. Y.,Choe, E. S.,Buch, S.,Mao, L. M.,Wang, J. Q. Nature Publishing Group 2010 The EMBO journal Vol.29 No.12

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Optical Power-Limiting Application

재태 서,A. Wang,A. Mott,C. Pompey,D. Temple,J. Anderson,J. H. Kim,J. L. Qu,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,Q. Wang,S. Creekmore,S. S. Jung,W. Yu,X. Peng 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III

Nonlinear optical properties of cadmium telluride semiconductor nanocrystals were investigated for optical power self-limiting application. The semiconductor nanocrystals were synthesized through colloidal methods. The nonlinear refraction and the nonlinear figure of merit of CdTe nanocrystals in toluene ($\sim$8 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ mol/L) were estimated to be $\sim$ -1 $\times$ 10$^{-13}$ m$^2$/W and $\sim$200, respectively. The optical power limiting through CdTe nanoscale materials was mainly by the nonlinear refraction because of the high nonlinear FOM.

The Expression of Genes Related to Egg Production in the Liver of Taiwan Country Chickens

Ding, S.T.,Ko, Y.H.,Ou, B.R.,Wang, P.H.,Chen, C.L.,Huang, M.C.,Lee, Y.P.,Lin, E.C.,Chen, C.F.,Lin, H.W.,Cheng, Winston Teng Kuei Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to detect expression of genes related to egg production in Taiwan Country chickens by suppression subtractive hybridization. Liver samples of mRNA extraction from two Taiwan Country chicken strains (L2 and B), originated from the same population but with very distinct egg production rates after long-term selection for egg and meat production respectively. Two-way subtraction was performed. The hepatic cDNA from the low egg production chickens (B) was subtracted from the hepatic cDNA from the high egg production strain (L2). The reversed subtraction (L2 from B) was also performed. The resulting differentially expressed gene fragments were cloned and sequenced. We sequenced 288 clones from the forward subtraction and 96 clones from the reverse subtraction. These genes were subjected to further screening to confirm the differential expression between the two genetic breeds of chickens. The apolipoprotein B (apoB) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the L2 than in the B line chickens. The 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (PURH) was expressed to a greater extent in the liver of the B than in the L2 strain chickens. We demonstrated that both apoB and PURH were more highly expressed in the liver than that in other tissues (muscle, ovary, and oviduct) in laying Taiwan Country chickens. Taken together, these data suggest that after the selection for egg production, expression of apoB and PURH genes were also changed. Whether the changed expression of these genes is directly related to egg production is not known, but these two genes may be useful markers for egg laying performance in Taiwan Country chickens.

Effects of Brazing Temperature on Microstructure and High-Temperature Strength of Joints Using a Novel Fourth-Generation Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy

Z. P. Zhang,J. D. Liu,K. Q. Qiu,Y. Y. Huang,J. G. Li,X. G. Wang,J. L. Liu,M. Wang,M. K. Zou,Y. Z. Zhou 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

A novel fourth-generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy was bonded by vacuum brazing at 1230 °C, 1260 °C and1290 °C for 60 min using a new type of Co-based filler alloy. The effects of the brazing temperature on the microstructureand mechanical properties of the brazed joint were investigated. The brazed joint was mainly composed of the non-isothermalsolidification zone (M3B2 type-boride, CrB boride, Ni3Bboride and MC carbide), isothermal solidification zone (γ and γ'Phase) and base metal. With the increase of brazing temperature, the volume fraction of borides and γ' phase in the centerof the joint decreased and increased, respectively. The high-temperature tensile test results show that the tensile strength ofthe joints was improved with increasing brazing temperature, and the maximum tensile strength of the joint was 766 MPaafter brazing at 1290 °C for 60 min. Fracture observation shows that the fracture modes of the joints were the same, whichbelongs to the typical quasi cleavage fracture. The element distribution in the joint was homogenized to a certain extent at1290 °C. The segregation of Si and Ru was found, but they were still dissolved in the γ solid solution. The experimentalresults help to better understand the microstructure characteristics of the novel fourth-generation nickel-based single crystalsuperalloy and provide guidance for further optimizing the process parameters of the brazed joint.

The Effect of Trifluoroethanol on Tyrosinase Activity and Conformation: Inhibition Kinetics and Computational Simulations

L체, Z. R.,Shi, L.,Wang, J.,Park, D.,Bhak, J.,Yang, J. M.,Park, Y. D.,Zhou, H. W.,Zou, F. HUMANA PRESS INC 2010 Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol.160 No.7