Effect of dietary lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers

Zhao, P.Y.,Li, H.L.,Mohammadi, M.,Kim, I.H. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.1

<P>A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lactulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. A total of 816 1-day-old male Ross broilers (40.2 +/- 0.4 g) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments using 12 cages with 17 chicks per cage. Treatments were: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) L05, CON + 0.05% lactulose; 3) L10, CON + 0.10% lactulose; and 4) L15, CON + 0.15% lactulose. Higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet during d 22 to 35. During d 0 to 35, BWG was higher (P < 0.05) and FCR was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed lactulose diets than those fed the CON diet. Additionally, broilers fed L15 diets had the highest BWG (P < 0.05) and lowest FCR (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and nitrogen (N) was increased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed the L15 diet compared with those fed the CON diet. Drip loss was decreased (P < 0.05) in L10 and L15 treatments compared with CON treatment on d 1, d 3, and d 5. On d 3, lowest (P < 0.05) drip loss was observed in the L15 treatment. Excreta E. coli counts in the L15 treatment were decreased (P < 0.05) on d 14, but Lactobacillus counts in the L15 treatment were increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 and d 35 compared with the CON diet. A linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on BWG (d 22 to 35), FCR (d 0 to 35), the ATTD of DM and N, drip loss, E. coli (d 14), and Lactobacillus (d 14 and d 35) counts. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.15% lactulose can improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility; as well as increase the proliferation of Lactobacillus and decrease E. coli counts in excreta.</P>

Effects of L-tryptophan, Fructan, and Casein on Reducing Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Skatole in Fermented Swine Manure

Q.K. Sheng,Z.J. Yang,H.B. Zhao,X.L. Wang,J.F. Guo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine (50.0±0.5 kg) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a 3×3 orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, H2S, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, H2S, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced H2S production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in H2S production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and H2S.

Effects of L-tryptophan, Fructan, and Casein on Reducing Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Skatole in Fermented Swine Manure

Sheng, Q.K.,Yang, Z.J.,Zhao, H.B.,Wang, X.L.,Guo, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

The effects of daily dietary Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and adding L-tryptophan, fructan, or casein to fecal fermentation broths were investigated as means to reduce the production of noxious gas during manure fermentation caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), and 3-methylindole (skatole). Eighty swine ($50.0{\pm}0.5kg$) were equally apportioned to an experimental group given Bs in daily feed, or a control group without Bs. After 6 weeks, fresh manure was collected from both groups for fermentation studies using a $3{\times}3$ orthogonal array, in which tryptophan, casein, and fructan were added at various concentrations. After fermentation, the ammonia, $H_2S$, L-tryptophan, skatole, and microflora were measured. In both groups, L-tryptophan was the principle additive increasing skatole production, with significant correlation (r = 0.9992). L-tryptophan had no effect on the production of ammonia, $H_2S$, or skatole in animals fed Bs. In both groups, fructan was the principle additive that reduced $H_2S$ production (r = 0.9981). Fructan and Bs significantly interacted in $H_2S$ production (p = 0.014). Casein was the principle additive affecting the concentration of ammonia, only in the control group. Casein and Bs significantly interacted in ammonia production (p = 0.039). The predominant bacteria were Bacillus spp. CWBI B1434 (26%) in the control group, and Streptococcus alactolyticus AF201899 (36%) in the experimental group. In summary, daily dietary Bs reduced ammonia production during fecal fermentation. Lessening L-tryptophan and increasing fructan in the fermentation broth reduced skatole and $H_2S$.

A Damage Model for Assessing Pipeline Safety in Corrosion Environments

Zhao, X. W.,Luo, J. H.,Zheng, M.,Lu, M.X.,Li, H.L 대한금속학회 2002 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.8 No.5

Considering such practical pipeline service conditions in the petroleum transportation field as corrosion from harmful media (H_2S, CO_2 etc.) and load from the pressure of flowing petroleum as key factors, the degradation of the mechanical properties of pipeline steels and the corresponding variations in stress states are studied. A damage variable is introduced to reflect the degradation in the mechanical properties of the pipeline due to corrosion. A diluted solution approach is proposed to model the corrosion process of harmful media within the pipeline and the distribution of the damage variable along the radial direction of the pipeline is derived. An approach to the safety evaluation of damaged pipeline is proposed by comparing the instant properties of pipeline steels with servicing conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization of hollow Fe_3O_4 submicrospheres by a Simple Solvothermal Synthesis

L. F. Duan,S. S. Jia,T. H. Wang,L. J. Zhao 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.5

Hollow single crystal Fe_3O_4 submicrospheres, which exhibit excellent magnetic properties, have been synthesized by a simple solvothermal process. These Fe3O4 particles have nanocrystallites with an average diameter of about 300 nm and are constructed with a hollow sphere structure that has an inside diameter of about 70 nm. The growth of the hollow Fe_3O_4 submicrospheres involves the cooperation of Ostwald ripening and oriented re-aggregation with increasing reaction time. As the oriented aggregation continues, adjacent nanocrystals fuse together along the (311) direction and the final product is formed as hollow spheres. Optional re-aggregation of the Fe3O4 hollow spheres may happen in the EG and N_2H_4·H_2O solution. The synthesized Fe_3O_4 particles show different magnetic properties and can be adjustable with morphological variation.

Paeonia japonica root extract protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress through inhibition of AMPK-mediated GSK3β

Ko, H.L.,Jung, E.H.,Jung, D.H.,Kim, J.K.,Ku, S.K.,Kim, Y.W.,Kim, S.C.,Zhao, R.,Lee, C.W.,Cho, I.J. ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V.; AMSTERDAM 2016 JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS Vol.20 No.-

Paeonia japonica root has been widely used for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. This research investigated the effects of P.japonica root extract (PJE) on hepatotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. PJE blocked the arachidonic acid (AA)@?+@?iron-induced hepatotoxicity of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PJE inhibited H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production, and decreased GSH levels and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AA@?+@?iron in HepG2 cells. The cytoprotective effects of PJE were found to be associated with AMPK-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β. More importantly, based on the histopathological observations, 300@?mg/kg PJE showed marked hepatoprotective effects against phenylhydrazine-induced peripheral hepatic damage and inhibited nitrotyrosine and 4-HNE immunoreactivity in hepatocytes. This finding provides evidence that PJE exerts beneficial hepatoprotective effects through activation of an anti-oxidative pathway. Thus, PJE would be a promising nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders.

Preparation and characterization of glass-ceramics with α-cordierite as the main crystalline phase from bluestone tailings

C.H. Li,W. Zhao,J.L. Zhang,W. Lu,P. Li,B.J. Yan,H.W. Guo 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.4

The bluestone tailings are quickly expanded in China with the continuous utilization and mining of bluestone resources. Theincremental recycling of bluestone tailings is important to solve the resources waste and environmental pollution. This studyaims to reuse the bluestone tailings as the main material to prepare α-cordierite glass-ceramics based on melting process. Theresults show that the nucleation temperature, crystallization peak temperature and the activation energy for crystallizationdecreased gradually with increasing the percentage of bluestone tailings. The complete preparation parameters of α-cordieriteglass-ceramics include a bluestone tailings percentage of 70%, a heating rate of 5 oC·min^-1, a crystallization duration of 1.5h, a crystallization temperature of 970 oC, a nucleation temperature of 830 oC, and a nucleation duration of 1.0 h. Theperformances analyses reveals that the α-cordierite glass-ceramics based on the optimized parameters exhibits high densityand Vickers hardness, low dielectric loss and water absorption, and strong chemical resistance.

Effect of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age

R.X. Zhao,C.H. Cai,P. Wang,L. Zheng,J.S. Wang,K.X. Li,W. Liu,X.Y. Guo,X. A. Zhan,K.Y. Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Methods: A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting [CL], 24 L:0 D and intermittent lighting [INL], 17 L:3 D:1 L:3 D)×2 light intensities (10 lx and 30 lx). A total of one thousand six hundred and eighty 1-d-old Lingnan Yellow broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (70 birds per replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results: Photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chickens (p>0.05). The INL had a significant effect on average daily feed intake (p<0.05) of broiler chickens compared with CL. Photoperiod and light intensity had an interactive effect on melatonin (MT) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, reducing light intensity increased MT concentration; INL birds had higher MT but MT concentration was not affected by light intensity. There was an interactive effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in serum and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in liver between photoperiod and light intensity. With the decrease of light intensity, the activities of GPx and CAT in serum and T-AOC in liver increased in CL group (p<0.05). Broiler chickens reared under INL had better antioxidant status and 10 lx treatments had higher activities of CAT in serum than 30 lx (p<0.05). Different photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on malondialdehyde. There was an interaction between photoperiod and light intensity on serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, the elevated light intensity resulted in an increase in CK content; INL birds had lower CK concentration especially in low light intensity group. Besides, INL and low light intensity significantly reduced the concentration of serum corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M contents were increased in broiler chickens reared under the INL compared with CL group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results above suggest that the night light regimen of INL and 10 lx could be beneficial to the broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age due to the better health status and electricity savings.

Emergence and Persistence of NS5A and NS3 Resistance-Associated Substitutions in HCV Genotype 1b Patients Treated with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir

( F. Mcphee ),( D. Hernandez ),( N. Zhou ),( F. Yu ),( B. Kienzle ),( Y. Zhao ),( M. Linaberry ),( S. Noviello ),( M. L. Yu ),( S. H. Ahn ),( Y. Karino ),( K. Chayama ),( H. Kumada ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: A pooled analysis of emergent RAS was performed in HCV genotype (GT-)1b-infected patients receiving daclatasvir and asunaprevir (DCV+ASV) and the persistence of DCV- and ASV-resistant substitutions through ≥post-treatment Week (PTWK)192 was assessed to understand the RAS profile and help guide potential retreatment options. Methods: HCV GT-1b-infected patients without a sustained virologic response (SVR) and with HCV RNA ≥1000 IU/mL on or after DCV+ASV treatment were included from 5 Phase 2 and 3 studies. Baseline and post-baseline plasma samples were sequenced at a sensitivity cut-off ł20%. To determine the persistence of emergent RAS, samples at the end of study (up to PTWK48) and/or from a 3-year long-term follow-up rollover study were sequenced (sensitivity cut-off ≥20%, and ≥1% for select samples). Results: 152 DCV+ASV-treated patients without SVR met the resistance testing criteria: 89% (136/152) had NS5A and 95% (145/152) had NS3 sequences at both baseline and virologic failure (VF). NS5A and NS3 RAS emerged in 99% (134/136) and 89% (129/145), respectively, at VF (Table). Overall, 93% (142/152) of patients with VF had both NS5A and NS3 sequence data at failure, of which 77% (109/142) had RAS at L31, Y93 and D168. Emergent NS5A RAS persisted at PTWK96 (92%;24/26) and ≥PTWK192 (100;7/7compared with 22% (6/27) and 14% (1/7), respectively, for emergent NS3 RAS. Replacement of emergent NS5A and NS3 RAS observed at VF occurred in 8% (2/26) of NS5A and 74% (17/23) of NS3 sequences at PTWK96 and in 0% (0/7) of NS5A and 86% (6/7) of NS3 sequences at ≥PTWK192. Conclusions: NS5A and NS3 RAS emerged in most patients treated with DCV+ASV who experienced VF, and NS5A RAS persisted post-treatment. Therapy options for DCV+ASV treatment failures may depend on the timing of retreatment: an NS3 inhibitor-containing regimen may be possible if NS3 RAS are no longer observed, while regimens not impacted by the NS5A-L31+Y93 and NS3-D168 RAS combination would offer an immediate alternative.

Separation dynamics of hydrogen isotope gas in mesoporous and microporous adsorbent beds at 77 K: SBA-15 and zeolites 5A, Y, 10X

Chu, X.Z.,Cheng, Z.P.,Xiang, X.X.,Xu, J.M.,Zhao, Y.J.,Zhang, W.G.,Lv, J.S.,Zhou, Y.P.,Zhou, L.,Moon, D.K.,Lee, C.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.9

The separation of a hydrogen isotope mixture on porous materials was studied using equilibrium and breakthrough experiments. The adsorption equilibria of H<SUB>2</SUB> and D<SUB>2</SUB> on SBA-15 with mesopores and molecular sieves 5A, Y, and 10X with micropores were measured at 77 K using the volumetric method. The breakthrough experiments of a H<SUB>2</SUB> and D<SUB>2</SUB> mixture in each adsorbent bed were carried out at various conditions of flow rate and pressure. The equilibrium ratio of D<SUB>2</SUB> to H<SUB>2</SUB> on mesoporous molecular sieves was larger than the ratio on microporous molecular sieves (SBA-15 > 10X > Y > 5A), but the difference among the adsorbents decreased with increases in pressure. On the other hand, the order of breakthrough separation factor showed the opposite result (SBA-15 < 10X < Y < 5A). The breakthrough separation factors for zeolite 10X was approximately equal to the equilibrium ratio of D<SUB>2</SUB> to H<SUB>2</SUB> at the corresponding partial pressures, whereas zeolites 5A and Y showed higher breakthrough separation factors than their equilibrium ratios. In SBA-15, the separation factors from breakthrough results were even smaller than the corresponding equilibrium ratio. In the microporous adsorbent with a limited pore size (zeolite 5A in the study), the diffusion mechanism contributed to the separation of hydrogen isotope gases as one of key factors.