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형사절차상 성폭력 피해아동의 2차 피해에 대한 보호방안 연구
곽대경(Kwack Dae Gyung),곽영길(Kwack Young Kil) 한국공안행정학회 2006 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.24 No.-
오랜 세월에 걸쳐 아동ㆍ소년범죄자에 대해서는 소년법이나 그 밖의 법(절차법)에 의하여 특별한 대책이 강구되어 왔다. 그러나 범죄피해자와 증인이 된 아동ㆍ소년은 전통적으로 성인과 구별이 없이 성인의 형사절차를 따라야만 하는 것이 현실이었다. 그러나 근래 아동범죄피해자에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 형사사법절차에서 피해아동을 어떻게 보호해야 할 것인지가 중요한 관심사가 되고 있다. 밀양 여중생 성폭행 사건에서 보듯이 경찰이 각고의 노력 끝에 범인을 검거하더라도 피해자의 보호와 인권에 대한 고려가 미흡할 경우에는 국민들로부터 수사기관 뿐만 아니라 형사사법제도 전반에 대한 비난을 초래할 수 있다는 것은 이미 입증된 사실이다. 또한, 형사사법의 궁극적인 목적에는 국가형벌권의 존부를 확인하는 것 뿐만 아니라 가해자와 피해자 사이에 야기된 갈등의 해소까지 포함되어 있다는 점을 새롭게 인식할 필요가 있다. 따라서 형사사법에서 성폭력피해아동에 대한 적극적 관심과 배려가 필요하다는 문제제기는 단순히 실체적 진실확인을 위한 보충적 의미 외에 범죄문제의 궁극적 해결을 위한 근본적인 질문으로 파악하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 이러한 문제제기는 형사사법절차의 운영과정에서 요구되는 피해아동에 대한 권리보호장치의 확대를 포함한 적극적인 피해아동정책의 수립을 위한 방향제시적 의미를 가지고 있다. 그러나 현행 형사사법체계는 피해아동의 권리보호에 대한 관심과 배려가 부족한 것이 사실이므로 본 논문에서는 사건초기단계, 수사단계, 공판단계 등 형사사법절차에서의 실질적인 피해아동 권리보호방안을 각 단계별로 고찰해 보고자 한다. In Korea, juvenile victims are subject to the same criminal procedures that adult victims face, while juvenile delinquents have long been protected by procedural legislation including the 'Juvenile Act 1958'. It's only recently that efforts have been made to raise awareness about how to protect juvenile victims during criminal justice procedures. In 2005, Miryang police station did not pay attention to the human rights of a gang rape victim during investigation procedures and faced unexpected criticism from an enormous number of internet users for mishandling the case. One important lesson can be drawn from this case: lack of awareness about human rights of victims during criminal justice procedures can lead to distrust against the entire criminal justice system among general people. As one of the ultimate purposes in the criminal justice system lies to the resolution of criminal-victim conflict as well as the judgement of being guilty or not for someone's criminal behavior, it is fundamentally important to raise an issue on measures of how to protect human rights of juvenile victims in each of the criminal justice system procedures for fast recovery from pains and returning to a normal life. Based on these understandings, this study attempts to suggest various ways to protect rights of juvenile victims, especially sexually abused children, during criminal procedures from the investigation stage to the sentence stage.
곽기주 ( Kwack Kee Ju ),손순종 ( Son Soon Jong ),서병철 ( Sea Byung Chal ),곽동림 ( Kwack Tong Lim ) 한국농공학회 1995 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.37 No.5
To examine the appicability of the converter slag to aggregate, tests were performed for the converter slag specimens which were aged with steam, and the stability of expansion was investigated. The strength of the converter slag was found to be lower than that of the natural aggregate. But the strength of the concrete mixed with the converter slag and the granular slag was increased with an increase of the content of the granular slag. The slump value was larger for the specimen of the converter slag than that for the natural aggregate. The specific weight of the converter slag was decreased with an increase of the aging peroid. The aging time for the converter slag was accessed to be about 48 hours to accommodate the full stability of the expansion. The amount of the steam needed to age one ton of converter slag to full expansion was accessed to be 60 kg. From the regression analysis for splitting tensile strength (t), and flexural strength (f), the compressive strength (c) based on the following formulas were proposed σ<sub>t</sub>=0.1506·σ<sub>c</sub>+4.5(kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) (σ<sub>f</sub>=0.1537·σ<sub>c</sub>+30.5(kg/cm<sup>2</sup>).
High Speed Graphics SDRAM을 위한 저 전력, 저 노이즈 Data Bus Inversion
곽승욱(Seung-Wook Kwack),곽계달(Kae-Dal Kwack) 대한전자공학회 2009 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.46 No.7
본 논문은 DRAM에서 DBI (Data Bus Inversion)를 이용한 새로운 방식의 High Speed 아키텍쳐를 설명하고자한다. DBI는 SSO와 LSI와 같은 잘 알려진 문제를 감소시키기 위한 방식중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 Analog Majority Voter(AMV), DBI Flag에 의한 GIO 제어회로, 새로운 SSO Algorithm과 같은 많은 아키텍쳐들이 Data Bus의 천이(Toggle) 개수를 줄이기 위해서 제안되었다. DBI Flag에 의해 GIO데이터 반전 여부를 결정되기 때문에 파워 소모가 감소될 수 있고, 데이터 Eye diagram도 40ps이상 증가될 수 있게 되었다. 제안된 DBI Scheme을 이용하였을 때 High speed 동작에서 거의 안정한 SI특성을 얻을 수 있게 됐다. 90nm CMOS TechNoogy를 이용하여 제조되었다. This paper presents new high speed architecture using DBI(Data Bus Inversion) in DRAM. The DBI is one of the general methods in the signaling circuits to decrease the known problems such as SSO and LSI<SUP>[1]</SUP>. Many architectures have been proposed to reduce the number of transitions on the data bus. In this paper, the DBI, the Analog Majority Voter (AMV) circuit, the GIO control circuit and the SSO algorithm are newly proposed. The power consumption can be reduced with the help of direct GIO inversion method and the eye diagram of data can be increased to 40ps. Using proposed DBI scheme can produce almost stable SI of DQs against high speed operation. The DBI is fabricated in 90nm CMOS TechNoogy.
Risk Assessment of Soybean-Based Phytoestrogens
Kwack, Seung Jun,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Kim, Hyung Sik,Yoon, Kyung Sil,Lee, Byung Mu Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.72 No.21
<P>Koreans generally consume high quantities of soybean-based foods that contain a variety of phytoestrogens, such as, daidzein, zenistein, and biochalin A. However, phytoestrogens are considered to be potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), which interfere with the normal function of the hormonal and reproductive systems. Therefore, dietary exposure to soybean-based phytoestrogens is of concern for Koreans, and comparative dietary risk assessments are required between Japanese (high consumers) versus Americans (low consumers). In this study, a relative risk assessment was conducted based upon daily intake levels of soybean-based foods and phytoestrogens in a Korean cohort, and the risks of photoestrogens were compared with those posed by estradiol and other EDC. Koreans approximately 30-49 yr of age consume on average a total of 135.2 g/d of soy-based foods including soybean, soybean sauce, soybean paste, and soybean oil, and 0.51 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d of phytoestrogens such as daidzein and genistein. Using estimated daily intakes (EDI) and estrogenic potencies (EP), margins of safety (MOS) were calculated where 0.05 is for estradiol (MOS value <1, considered to exert a positive estrogenic effect); thus, MOS values of 1.89 for Japanese, 1.96 for Koreans, and 5.55 for Americans indicate that consumption of soybean-based foods exerted no apparent estrogenic effects, as all MOS values were all higher than 1. For other synthetic EDC used as reference values, MOS values were dieldrin 27, nonylphenol 250, butyl benzyl phthalate 321, bisphenol A 1000, biochanin A 2203, and coumesterol 2898. These results suggest that dietary exposure to phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, poses a relatively higher health risk for humans than synthetic EDC, although MOS values were all greater than 1.</P>
Kwack, M.H.,Shin, S.H.,Kim, S.R.,Im, S.U.,Han, I.S.,Kim, M.K.,Kim, J.C.,Sung, Y.K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 British journal of dermatology Vol.160 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Background </P><P><SMALL>L</SMALL>-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc 2-P), a derivative of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-ascorbic acid, promotes elongation of hair shafts in cultured human hair follicles and induces hair growth in mice.</P><P>Objectives </P><P>To investigate whether the promotion of hair growth by Asc 2-P is mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and, if so, to investigate the mechanism of the Asc 2-P-induced IGF-1 expression.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Dermal papilla (DP) cells were cultured and IGF-1 level was measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Also, hair shaft elongation in cultured human scalp hair follicles and proliferation of cocultured keratinocytes were examined after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of neutralizing antibody against IGF-1. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation in cultured hair follicles after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of LY294002 was examined by Ki-67 immunostaining.</P><P>Results </P><P>IGF-1 mRNA in DP cells was upregulated and IGF-1 protein in the conditioned medium of DP cells was significantly increased after treatment with Asc 2-P. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IGF-1 staining is increased in the DP of cultured human hair follicles by Asc 2-P. The neutralizing antibody against IGF-1 significantly suppressed the Asc 2-P-mediated elongation of hair shafts in hair follicle organ culture and significantly attenuated Asc 2-P-induced growth of cocultured keratinocytes. LY294002 significantly attenuated Asc 2-P-inducible IGF-1 expression and proliferation of follicular keratinocytes in cultured hair follicles.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>These data show that Asc 2-P-inducible IGF-1 from DP cells promotes proliferation of follicular keratinocytes and stimulates hair follicle growth <I>in vitro</I> via PI3K.</P>
Pulmonary Hemodynamic Alterations following Radical Hilar Stripping
Kwack, Moon Sub,Lee, Hong Kyun CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1975 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.3 No.1
The roles of hilar tissues in supporting pulmonary hemodynamics was studied by radical hilar stripping. Loss of nerve innervation had a influence, in some extent, to the decrease of oxygen uptake and the increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. There can be little question that denervation does impair the pulmonary hemodynamics, however, intact pulmonary nerve innervation is not absolutely essential for survival of the animal.