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Complete Analysis of Steady-State and Efficiency Considerations in a Forward-Flyback Mixed Converter
Yoshito Kusuhara,Tamotsu Ninomiya,Asahi Nakayama,Shin Nakagawa 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper presents a novel DC-DC converter where both forward and Flyback actions are mixed. Previously, we proposed this converter that has prominent features of reducing the voltage of main switch and the current ripple of output inductor, and as a result, the high efficiency and the size reduction were obtained as reported in the previous paper. And, this paper presents that this converter has four operation modes when the turns ratio of the second and the third windings of the transformer is set to be a certain value. Furthermore, these operation modes are analyzed through the extended state-space averaging method, and are confirmed by simulation. These characteristics are shown by means of a three-dimensional graphics method. This paper presents the detailed analyses of static characteristics for the four operation mode used three-dimensional expression of load characteristics with another winding turns ratio by the extended state-space averaging method.
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy: The Old and the New
Sentaro Kusuhara,Yoko Fukushima,Shuntaro Ogura,Naomi Inoue,Akiyoshi Uemura 대한당뇨병학회 2018 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.42 No.5
Vision loss in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is ascribed primarily to retinal vascular abnormalities—including hyperpermeability, hypoperfusion, and neoangiogenesis—that eventually lead to anatomical and functional alterations in retinal neurons and glial cells. Recent advances in retinal imaging systems using optical coherence tomography technologies and pharmacological treatments using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroids have revolutionized the clinical management of DR. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DR are not fully determined, largely because hyperglycemic animal models only reproduce limited aspects of subclinical and early DR. Conversely, non-diabetic mouse models that represent the hallmark vascular disorders in DR, such as pericyte deficiency and retinal ischemia, have provided clues toward an understanding of the sequential events that are responsible for vision-impairing conditions. In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of DR, discuss current and emerging concepts with regard to the pathophysiology of DR, and introduce perspectives on the development of new drugs, emphasizing the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and retinal neovascularization.
The Genetic and Non-Genetic Aspects of Leg Weakness and Osteochondrosis in Pigs - Review -
Fukawa, K.,Kusuhara, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.1
Leg weakness in pigs is one of the most serious problems in the pig industry. Leg weakness is responsible for an increase in the rate of culling of breeding pigs, which results in economic loss in the pig industry. Many researchers have investigated the cause of leg weakness, and that of osteochondrosis, in pigs, as well as in other mammals. For evaluating leg weakness, subjective scoring criteria have been applied, but the scoring systems varied widely. Subjective scoring systems have also been used in evaluating osteochondrosis lesions in leg joints. The lesions were scored optically, radiographically and histologically. Leg weakness and osteochondrosis are to some extent heritable traits. The heritability of leg weakness and joint lesion scores was found to range from 0.01 to 0.42. Leg weakness and osteochondrosis are associated with production traits (lean percentage and back fat depth). Nutritional aspects of leg weakness and osteochondrosis have also been extensively studied. Although the energy level of the diet may affect leg weakness and osteochondrosis, other nutritional factors seem to have very little effect. Confinement conditions also have an effect on leg weakness and osteochondrosis. Although studied extensively, the cause and etiology of leg weakness and osteochondrosis remain uncertain. It could be that there are multiple causes of leg weakness.
Adachi, N.,Kusuhara, T.,Nonaka, I.,Terada, F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.6
This study compared the effects of two levels of crude protein (CP) supplementation during a close-up dry period on the productive performance, nitrogen balance, and blood profiles of Holstein cows. Eighteen cows (8 primigravid and 10 multiparous), 21 days prior to calving, were divided into four groups and fed a diet containing a low (11.5 to 12.7% CP) or high (14.1 to 15.3% CP) level of protein. Following parturition, all cows were offered the same diet. Nitrogen balance was measured 12 d to 10 d prior to the expected calving date. Whole feces and urine were collected. The higher close-up CP did not improve milk production during the early lactation period (14 w) in multiparous cows but tended to increase production by 2 kg of milk per day in primigravid cows. There were no differences in the weight of calves, the weight of the placenta, or the incidence of calving difficulty. Nitrogen intake, urine nitrogen and nitrogen retention were increased by the higher CP diet in primigravid and multiparous cows. All groups of cows showed a positive nitrogen balance. In particular, higher nitrogen retention was observed in primigravid cows fed the higher CP diet. With the exception of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), non of the blood profiles were influenced by the CP level. The higher close-up CP increased the PUN during the period studied in primigravid and multiparous cows. These results indicate that a CP level of 14% during a close-up dry period is optimal for primigravid cows, and 12% CP level is sufficient for multiparous cows.
Triapitsyn Serguei Vladimirovich,Kusuhara Hiroki,Rugman-Jones Paul F.,Adachi-Hagimori Tetsuya 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2
Gonatocerus cincticipitis Sahad (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is an egg parasitoid of the rice pest, green rice leaf hopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Japan and the Republic of Korea. Its molecular determination is reconsidered following the previous taxonomic misidentification, and its genetic separation from G. saipanensis (Doutt), a morphologically identical Gonatocerus sp. from Shimane Prefecture, Honshu Island in Japan, and other members of the Gonatocerus fuscicornis (Walker) species complex is demonstrated and dis cussed. DNA was successfully extracted from reared specimens of G. cincticipitis from Honshu and Kyushu islands in Japan, and the standard barcoding section of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) as well as two regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the D2 domain of 28S (28S-D2) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), were amplified and sequenced for genetic analyses. Both sexes of G. cincticipitis are redescribed and illustrated to facilitate their recognition. An updated morphological key to females of the Palaearctic species of Gonatocerus Nees ab Esenbeck is also provided.
Shinji Hiyama,Toshie Sugiyama,Seiji Kusuhara,Takashi Uchida 대한수의학회 2012 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.13 No.3
The temporal expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ mRNA was examined in male Japanese quails. Femurs of quails receiving 17βestradiol underwent RTPCR and histochemical analysis 1 to 15 days after treatment. Untreated quails were used as controls (day 0). Between days 0 and 5, cells lining the bone endosteal surface differentiated into osteoblasts, which in turn formed medullary bone. Expression of ERα was already observed on day 0 and increased slightly during bone formation whereas ERβ was hardly detected throughout this process. After osteoclasts appeared on the medullary bone surface, this type of bone disappeared from the bone marrow cavity (days 7∼15). ERα expression simultaneously decreased slightly and ERβ levels remained very low. These results suggest that estrogen activity mediated by ERα not only affects medullary bone formation but also bone resorption.
Design and Synthesis of Resin-Conjugated Tamiflu Analogs for Affinity Chromatography
Yasuaki Kimura,Kenzo Yamatsugu,Motomu Kanai,Noriko Echigo,Takashi Kusuhara,Masakatsu Shibasaki 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.3
Two types of resin-conjugated Tamiflu analogs were synthesized by modifying our original synthetic route of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu). The prepared resins bound to influenza virus neuraminidase, the main target of Tamiflu. The resins will be useful for isolating and identifying presumed endogenous vertebrate proteins that interact with Tamiflu, which might relate to the rarely observed abnormal behavior exhibited by some influenza patients treated with Tamiflu