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Murugesan, Kumarasamy,Yang, In-Hee,Kim, Young-Mo,Jeon, Jong-Rok,Chang, Yoon-Seok Springer-Verlag 2009 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.82 No.2
<P>In this study, we investigated the efficacy of phenolic extract of wheat bran and lignin-related phenolic compounds as natural redox mediators on laccase-mediated transformation of malachite green (MG) using purified laccase from the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum. G. lucidum laccase was able to decolorize 40.7% MG dye (at 25 mg l(-1)) after 24 h of incubation. Whereas, the addition of phenolic extract of wheat bran enhanced the decolorization significantly (p < 0.001) by two- to threefold than that of purified laccase alone. Among various natural phenolic compounds, acetovanillone, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringaldehyde, and vanillin were the most efficient mediators, as effective as the synthetic mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Characterization of MG transformation products by HPLC, UV-Vis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization analysis revealed that N-demethylation was the key mechanism of decolorization of MG by laccase. Growth inhibition test based on mycelial growth inhibition of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium revealed that treatment with laccase plus natural mediators effectively reduced the growth inhibitory levels of MG than that of untreated one. Among all the tested compounds, syringaldehyde showed the highest enhanced decolorization, as a consequence reduced growth inhibition was observed in syringaldehyde-treated samples. The results of the present study revealed that the natural phenolic compounds could alternatively be used as potential redox mediators for effective laccase-mediated decolorization of MG.</P>
Approximate Multipliers Using Bio-Inspired Algorithm
Kunaraj Kumarasamy,K. K. Senthilkumar,Vaithiyanathan Dhandapani 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1
As most of the real-world problems are imprecise, dedicating a lot of hardware for precise computations is futile for lowpower applications and few applications where the precision is not of paramount importance. For such applications an imprecise computational block is suffi cient if it has other performance benefi ts like low power and low area. We propose Constrained Cartesian Genetic Programming (CCGP), a variant of CGP to evolve lower order imprecise multipliers and further the higher order multipliers are constructed from them. Gate-level architectures for 2 × 2, 3 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 imprecise multipliers are evolved. Also, we propose few partitioning methodologies for the construction of higher order multipliers using the evolved imprecise lower order multipliers. The constructed evolved-partitioned multiplier (EPM) of orders 8 × 8 and 16 × 16 has signifi cant performance benefi ts over the existing multiplier architectures in terms of cell area and power. The circuits are synthesized using Cadence SoC Encounter ® using TSMC ® 180 nm standard cell library. The 16-bit EPMs show a maximum power reduction of 33% compared to other truncated multipliers and an area improvement of 2%.
Suba Ananthi Kumarasamy,Bijun Sai Kannadath,Sandosh Soundamourthy,Aruna Subramanian,Sankappa P Sinhasan,Ramachandra V Bhat 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.3
Ganglion cysts are tumor-like lesions in the soft tissues, generated by mucoid degeneration of the joint capsule, tendon or tendon sheaths on the dorsum of hand, wrist and foot. However, an intratendinous origin for a ganglion cyst is extremely rare. During dissection of the popliteal fossa, a cyst of 2.5 cm×2 cm×0.5 cm was observed in the tendon of right semimembranosus, 3.5 cm above the insertion of the muscle. Contrast X-ray revealed the cyst as not communicating with the knee joint or any adjacent bursae. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ganglion cyst.
Nagamani, Selvakumaran,Kumarasamy, Gunasekar,Song, Myungkwan,Kim, Chang Su,Kim, Dong-Ho,Ryu, Seung Yoon,Kang, Jae-Wook,Jin, Sung-Ho Elsevier 2016 Synthetic metals Vol.217 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) are systematically investigated based on blend of the low band gap polymer and fullerene. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by the Au NPs enhance the light absorption in the active layer and the photoluminescence spectra showed a significant enhancement in their intensity which mainly contribute to increased light absorption of active layer induced by LSPR. The impedance spectroscopy study revealed that the introduction of Au NPs as interfacial layer decreases the sheet and charge-transport resistance between ITO/PEDOT:PSS or PEDOT:PSS/active layer. From the results, the introduction of Au NPs increased the rate of exciton generation and the probability of exciton dissociation, thus enhancing the short-circuit current density and the fill factor The optimized OSCs incorporated with Au NPs were found to have power conversion efficiency of 5.40% compared to control device (4.65%), measured by using an AM 1.5G solar simulator at 100mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> light illumination intensity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effect of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) at the interfaces of organic solar cells (OSCs) was studied. </LI> <LI> The device using Au NPs at the interfaces of OSCs has a better efficiency due to localized surface plasmon resonance effect. </LI> <LI> The device with Au NPs at the interfaces showed 16.1% enhancement in efficiency. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) at the interfaces of organic solar cells enhance the light absorption in the active layer and the photoluminescence spectra showed a significant enhancement in their intensity which mainly contributes to the increased light absorption of active layer induced by localized surface plasmon resonance. The device with Au NPs at the interfaces showed 16.1% enhancement in efficiency.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>