AStudy on Optimization of Marigold Petal Yield, Pure Lutein, and Formulation of Free-Flowing Lutein Esters

Bipransh Kumar Tiwary,Anil Kumar,Ashis Kumar Nanda,Ranadhir Chakraborty 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.3

The present study was conducted with the main objective to optimize petal yield from important marigold cultivars in WestBengal, and to standardize isolation of lutein from petals because these dietary xanthophylls are known to reduce the risks of agerelatedmacular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Six cultivars were studied viz. African marigold-Double (AFM-D), Africanmarigold-Single (AFM-S), African marigold-Orange (AFM-O), French marigold-Orange (FRM-O), French marigold-Double (FRMD),and LC (Local type), which withstand typical environmental conditions of northern West Bengal and produce flowers that do notvary in color and are relatively unaffected by pests and diseases. Lutein esters were extracted from milled marigold petals using nhexane. However, overall performance showed that LC is superior to the other cultivars. Pure lutein was obtained after saponificationwith 50% KOH. The re-crystallized lutein was characterized by UV-VIS, IR spectroscopy, and HPLC. A free-flowing lutein esterwas also formulated. This free-flowing lutein ester was found to be suitable to undergo commercialization or subsequent processing. An economic method for petal yield and isolation of lutein was thus standardized

Finslerian Hypersurface and Generalized β-Conformal Change of Finsler Metric

Tiwari, Shiv Kumar,Rai, Anamika Department of Mathematics 2018 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.58 No.4

In the present paper, we have studied the Finslerian hypersurfaces and generalized ${\beta}$-conformal change of Finsler metric. The relations between the Finslerian hypersurface and the other which is Finslerian hypersurface given by generalized ${\beta}$-conformal change have been obtained. We have also proved that generalized ${\beta}$-conformal change makes three types of hypersurfaces invariant under certain conditions.

Draft genome sequencing of the foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach), a vector of potato viruses, provides insights on virulence genes

Tiwari Jagesh Kumar,Mandadi Nagesh,Sridhar Jandrajupalli,Mandal Vikramjit,Ghosh Arpita,Kardile Hemant B.,Naga Kailash C.,Shah Mohd Abas,Rawat Shashi,Venkateswarlu Vallepu,Malik Kamlesh,Bhatnagar Anuj 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

The foxglove aphid (or glasshouse potato aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach) transmits serious potato viruses (potato virus Y, and potato leaf roll virus) which cause heavy yield losses. Our aim of this study was to pre liminary analysis of draft genome sequence to uncover virulence genes in the aphid. The genome assembly size (316.39 Mb) was very close to its genome size (318.19 Mb) estimated by flow cytometry. The genome completeness (81.8%) was confirmed by the Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis indicating 14.90% transposable elements (TEs) in the genome. Of total 22,021 predicted genes, 16,610 were annotated with putative functions of other aphids mainly Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Diuraphis noxia. We identified virulence genes such as defensive and detoxification genes, salivary genes and chemore ceptors, insecticide resistance genes, virus transmission genes, transcription factors and mitochondrial genes. Importantly, analysis of detoxification genes particularly 53 cytochrome P450s (CYPs) indicated involvement of 23 CYPs families in aphid genome. Further, GO and KEGG pathways analyses showed gene enrichment pre dominantly with molecular function and signal transduction, respectively. Phylogeny analysis revealed genetic divergence among 12 aphid species and Au. solani is closely related with M. persicae. Further, non-synonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) substitutions (Ka/Ks) indicated positive selection for 6 (Ka/Ks > 1) and 122 (Ka/Ks = 0.5–1) single copy orthologous gene pairs between Au. solani and with the pea aphid. Thus, our preliminary draft genome analysis provides new insights of Au. solani to understand molecular basis of aphid biology, host-aphid interactions and adaptation mechanism.

Modulation of Inula racemosa Hook Extract on Cardioprotection by Ischemic Preconditioning in Hyperlipidaemic Rats

Tiwari Arun Kumar,Gupta Pushpraj S,Prasad Mahesh,Malairajan Paraman 대한약침학회 2022 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: Hyperlipidemia (HL) is a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. The size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a cardioprotective phenomenon, is reduced in HL, possibly because of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The objective of this study is to see what effect pretreatment with Inula racemosa Hook root extract (IrA) had on IPC-mediated cardioprotection on HL Wistar rat hearts. An isolated rat heart was mounted on the Langendorff heart array, and then ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and IPC cycles were performed. Atractyloside (Atr) is an MPTP opener. Methods: The animals were divided into ten groups, each consisting of six rats (n = 6), to investigate the modulation of I. racemosa Hook extract on cardioprotection by IPC in HL hearts: Sham control, I/R Control, IPC control, I/R + HL, I/R + IrA + HL, IPC + HL, IPC + NS + HL, IPC + IrA+ HL, IPC + Atr + oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, integrity, and hemodynamic parameters are evaluated for each group. Results: The present experimental data show that pretreatment with IrA reduced the LDH, CK-MB, size of myocardial infarction, content of cardiac collagen, and ventricular fibrillation in all groups of HL rat hearts. This pretreatment also reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of MPTP opening by Atr diminished the effect of IrA on IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that pretreatment with IrA e restores IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats by inhibiting the MPTP opening.

Are exchange rates interdependent? Evidence using wavelet analysis

Kumar, Satish,Pathak, Rajesh,Tiwari, Aviral Kumar,Yoon, Seong-Min Taylor Francis 2017 Applied Economics Vol.49 No.33

Role of a remote leucine residue in the catalytic function of polyol dehydrogenase

Tiwari, Manish Kumar,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kang, Yun Chan,Lee, Jung-Kul The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Molecular bioSystems Vol.10 No.12

<P>Studies on the protein–metal binding sites have mainly focused on the residues immediately surrounding the reacting substrate, cofactors, and metal ions. The contribution of residues in remote layers to the highly optimized microenvironments of catalytic active sites is not well understood. To improve our understanding, the present study examined the role of remote residues on the structure and function of zinc-dependent polyol dehydrogenases. We used an integrated computational and biochemical approach to determine the role of L136 in the third shell of the <SMALL>L</SMALL>-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (LAD) from <I>Neurospora crassa</I>. Substitution of L136 with charged (Asp, Lys, or His) and bulky (Trp) side chain amino acids abolished enzyme activity. Whereas the L136A mutant exhibited a 95% decrease in catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>), the L136C mutant exhibited a 39% decrease in <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamic simulations on the mutant (L136A, L136C, L136H, and L136P) complexes showed the loss of crucial H-bonds between G77 and the corresponding mutated residue. It is evident from theoretical and biochemical studies that the L136 is part of the extensive hydrogen bonding network coupled to the reaction catalyzed at the active site. We propose that L136, critically positioned behind the active site residues H78 and E79 in the third shell of LAD, plays a crucial role in modulating catalysis or substrate binding by stabilizing the GHE motif in the LAD active site.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This study examined the role of remote residues on the structure and function of zinc-dependent polyol dehydrogenases. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4mb00459k'> </P>

Impact of oil price risk on sectoral equity markets: Implications on portfolio management

Tiwari, Aviral Kumar,Jena, Sangram Keshari,Mitra, Amarnath,Yoon, Seong-Min Elsevier 2018 ENERGY ECONOMICS Vol.72 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Structure and degree of oil price impact on sectoral indices are examined using Quantile Regression Analysis (QRA). Nine sectors are found to provide diversification opportunities during a bull market (i.e. 90th quantile of the return distribution) and three sectors during a bear market (10th quantile) to hedge oil price risk. Further, the contagion effect and interdependency between oil price and sectoral equity are assessed through frequency domain causality. The causality from oil price in the long run determined that there is interdependence between three sectors and oil price changes. The direction of causality from oil price is mixed in both the short run (high frequency) and long run (low frequency) for nine sectors. Overall, the carbon sector is the only sector that is immune to oil price risk, thereby providing investment and hedging opportunities for portfolio managers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oil price shock impacts on Indian stock market sectoral index are investigated. </LI> <LI> We use asymmetric quantile regression and frequency-domain Granger causality. </LI> <LI> Oil price tail risk affects all sectoral indices other than of the carbon sector. </LI> <LI> A contagion effect for negative oil price shocks is found in six sectors. </LI> <LI> Interdependency is found in five sectors in the case of positive oil price shocks. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Subthreshold Swing Model for Symmetric Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs with Vertical Gaussian Doping

Tiwari, Pramod Kumar,Jit, S. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.2

An analytical subthreshold swing model is presented for symmetric double-gate (DG) MOSFETs with Gaussian doping profile in vertical direction. The model is based on the effective conduction path effect (ECPE) concept of uniformly doped symmetric DG MOSFETs. The effect of channel doping on the subthreshold swing characteristics for non-uniformly doped device has been investigated. The model also includes the effect of various device parameters on the subthreshold swing characteristics of DG MOSFETs. The proposed model has been validated by comparing the analytical results with numerical simulation data obtained by using the commercially available $ATLAS^{TM}$ device simulator. The model is believed to provide a better physical insight and understanding of DG MOSFET devices operating in the subthreshold regime.

Effect of Undegradable Dietary Protein Level and Plane of Nutrition on Lactation Performance in Crossbred Cattle

Kumar, M. Ravi,Tiwari, D.P.,Kumar, Anil Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

An experiment was conducted in order to assess the effect of level of RDP:UDP ratio and level of feeding concentrate on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred cattle. Twenty four medium producing (-10 kg/d, 45 to 135 days postpartum) lactating crossbred cows were divided into four groups of six animals each in a 2${\times}$2 factorial completely randomized design. The cows in group 1 were fed concentrate mixture I containing 59:41 RDP:UDP ratio (low UDP) at normal plane (LUDP+NP), in group 2 were fed low UDP ration at 115% of NRC (1989) requirements (LUDP+HP), whereas cows in group 3 were fed concentrate mixture II containing 52:48 RDP:UDP ratio (high UDP) at normal plane (HUDP+NP) and in group 4 were fed high UDP ration at 115% of NRC (1989) requirements (HUDP+HP). Green jowar was fed ad libitum as the sole roughage to all the animals. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 105 days. The total dry matter intake (DMI), DMI/100 kg body weight, DMI/kg $W^{0.75}$, digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and intakes of TDN and DCP did not differ significantly among the different groups and also due to both UDP level and plane of nutrition and also due to their interaction. The total dry matter intake varied from 145 g in group 1 (LUDP +NP) to 152.57 g/kg $W^{0.75}$ in group 2 (LUDP+HP) diet. However, increase in milk yield with increased UDP level and also with increased plane of nutrition was observed consistently throughout the experimental period. The average milk yield was 7.66, 8.15, 8.64 and 9.35 kg in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively and there was no significant difference in milk yield among different groups of cows. The overall daily average milk yields in cows fed with low and high UDP diets were 7.91 and 8.99 kg, respectively and at normal and higher plane of feeding the milk yields were 8.15 and 8.75 kg/day, respectively. Thus, there was 13.65% increase in milk yield due to high UDP level and 7.36% due to higher plane of feeding. The daily 4% FCM yields were 9.20 kg for low UDP diet and 10.28 kg for high UDP diet, whereas it was 9.11 kg at normal plane of feeding and 10.37 kg at higher plane of feeding. Fat yields for the corresponding treatment groups were 0.37, 0.43, 0.41 and 0.48 kg, respectively. The 4% FCM yield and also fat yield did not differ significantly among different dietary treatments and also due to UDP level and plane of nutrition, however, 4% FCM yield was increased by 11.74% with high UDP level and 13.83% with higher plane of feeding. The values for total solids, fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and gross energy contents in milk differed significantly (p<0.05) among the different groups and were significantly (p<0.05) higher in milk of cows fed LUDP+HP diet followed by HUDP+HP diet. Total solids (14.65 and 13.83%), lactose (5.44 and 4.92%), solids-not-fat (9.44 and 8.83%) and gross energy (887 and 838 kcal/kg) of milk decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increased UDP level while total solids (13.84 and 14.64), fat (4.84 and 5.36%) and gross energy (832 and 894 kcal/kg) increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in plane of feeding. Gross and net energetic efficiencies and also gross and net efficiencies of nitrogen utilization for milk production were not significantly different among different groups and also were not affected significantly due to either UDP levels or plane of feeding. Results of the present study suggest that, increasing UDP level from 41% to 48% of CP in concentrate mixture and also increasing plane of feeding from normal (100%) to 115% of NRC requirements maintain a consistently higher milk production.

Cloning and characterization of a thermostable xylitol dehydrogenase from Rhizobium etli CFN42

Tiwari, Manish Kumar,Moon, Hee-Jung,Jeya, Marimuthu,Lee, Jung-Kul Springer-Verlag 2010 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.87 No.2