Analysis and Testing of PSO Variants through Application in EEG/ERP Adaptive Filtering Approach

Mitul Kumar Ahirwal,Anil Kumar,Girish Kumar Singh 대한의용생체공학회 2012 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.2 No.3

Introduction An improved method for adaptive noise canceller (ANC) is proposed for electroencephalography (EEG)/ event related potential (ERP) filtering in case of EEG self interference. ANC is implemented through five versions of Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Methods A comparative study of the performance of PSO and its different versions such as constant weighted inertia PSO (CWI PSO), linear decay inertia PSO (LDI-PSO),constriction factors inertia PSO (CFI-PSO), nonlinear inertia PSO (NLI-PSO), and dynamic inertia PSO (DI-PSO) has been done. Fidelity parameters like signal to noise ratio (SNR) in dB, correlation between resultant and template ERP, and mean square error (MSE) are observed with varying range of particles and inertia weights. Results In this the results of two data sets, simulated ERP and real visual evoked potential (VEP) are compared. Fidelity parameters as well as quality (shape) of extracted ERP are determined with Kurtosis and skewness measures. Conclusions From the simulation results and comparative studies, it is found that that NLI and LDI version of PSO are most suitable for ANC for ERP filtering.

A novel pectoral muscle segmentation from scanned mammograms using EMO algorithm

Santhos Kumar Avuti,Varun Bajaj,Anil Kumar,Girish Kumar Singh 대한의용생체공학회 2019 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.9 No.4

Mammogram images are majorly used for detecting the breast cancer. The level of positivity of breast cancer is detected afterexcluding the pectoral muscle from mammogram images. Hence, it is very signifi cant to identify and segment the pectoralmuscle from the mammographic images. In this work, a new multilevel thresholding, on the basis of electro-magnetismoptimization (EMO) technique, is proposed. The EMO works on the principle of attractive and repulsive forces among thecharges to develop the members of a population. Here, both Kapur’s and Otsu based cost functions are employed with EMOseparately. These standard functions are executed over the EMO operator till the best solution is achieved. Thus, optimalthreshold levels can be identifi ed for the considered mammographic image. The proposed methodology is applied on all thethree twenty-two mammogram images available in mammographic image analysis society dataset, and successful segmentationof the pectoral muscle is achieved for majority of the mammogram images. Hence, the proposed algorithm is found tobe robust for variations in the pectoral muscle.

Comparative Response of Callus and Seedling of Jatropha curcas L. to Salinity Stress

Kumar, Nitish,Kaur, Meenakshi,Pamidimarri, D.V.N. Sudheer,Boricha, Girish,Reddy, Muppala P. Institute of Forest Science 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.2

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

Impact of InGaN notch on sensitivity in dielectric modulated dual channel GaN MOSHEMT for label-free biosensing

Mishra Girish Shankar,Mohankumar N.,Singh Sankalp Kumar 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.49 No.-

The effect of InGaN notch on sensitivity and Dielectric Modulated (DM) Double Heterojunction (DH) dual channel AlGaN/GaN/InGaN/GaN MOSHEMT (Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor) for detecting the label-free biomolecules has been investigated in this paper. Biomolecules can be inserted into the nanocavity formed by etching the insulating layer under the gate electrode. The insulator (Al2O3) as a dielectric improves the drive current and device sensitivity because of low leakage and high scalability. In this proposed structure, the presence of InGaN notch increases the carrier confinement in the channel, thereby improving the device sensitivity. The device is simulated using Sentaurus TCAD, and the results show a significant increase in drain current (IDS), up to 3.35 A/mm. The optimization of the device parameters exhibits a high sensitivity (~74%), making it suitable for precise label-free biosensing.

Improve the Performance of a Novel Capacitive Shunt RF MEMS Switch by Beam and Dielectric Materials

S. Girish Gandhi,I. Govardhani,Sarat Kumar Kotamraju,K Ch Sri Kavya,D. Prathyusha,K. Srinivasa Rao,K. Girija Sravani 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.1

This paper deals with design and simulation of RF MEMS Shunt type switch having non-uniform meanders. The device is optimized and done various electromechanical and RF performance analysis in the COMSOL multiphysics and HFSS tools. By varying the thickness of beam, gap and changing the beam materials such as Gold, Copper, Nickel, we done simulation and calculation of spring constant, pull-in voltage, capacitance analysis of the proposed switch. Out of all these different materials, Gold is best by its material properties. The pull-in voltage of proposed switch is 16.9 V, the switch have fast switching time i.e. 1.2 μs. The capacitance analysis like Up state and down state capacitance of the proposed switch is 7.46 fF and1.25 pF. The RF-Performance of the proposed switch exhibits at low frequencies (2–12 GHz). The return and insertion loss are carried out by proposed switch is − 41.55 dB, − 0.0865 dB respectively. The switch having good isolation is − 47.70 dB at 5 GHz. The proposed shunt type switch is used for low frequencies such as microphones, radar and satellite applications.

Role of Lipoxygenase During Flower Bud Opening in Roses (Rosa hybrida L.)

Naveen Kumar,Girish Chand Srivastava,Kiran Dixit 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.3

The adverse effect of lipid peroxidation during flower bud opening in roses was investigated. Experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007 on two cultivars of cut-roses (Rosa hybrida L.), ‘Grand Gala’ and ‘First Red’ obtained from a commercial grower. Flower stems were harvested at different developmental stages. Petals were separated from seven different petal whorls in flowers (outermost to innermost) of ‘Grand Gala’ and ‘First Red’ at all developmental stages. During the first three stages of flower bud development (S1 - S3) petal membrane remained stable for a considerable period of time. However, at subsequent stages (S4 - S6) membrane leakage increased considerably in both cultivars showing membrane stability index of 48 percent and 38 percent in flower petals of ‘First Red’ and ‘Grand Gala’ respectively. TBARS (Thiobarbiturate reactive substances) content was very low during the first two stages of flower bud development; thereafter, a steep rise was noted in different petal whorls of both cultivars. Lipoxygenase activity showed a progressive rise from stage 1 to stage 6 of flower bud development. Differential LOX (Lipoxygenase) activity was noticed during flower bud opening, a progressive rise during the first three phases, but at a slower pace and a two-fold rise at later stages of development.

Predictive Validity of Some Common Animal Models of Bipolar Disorder Using Lithium and Lamotrigine Therapy: An Attempt towards a Battery-Based Approach for the Evaluation of Mood Stabilizers

Manu Kumar,Chakra Dhar Tripathi,Veena Verma,Biswa Mohan Padhy,Girish Gulab Meshram,B Abhilash 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.4

ObjectiveaaTo determine the predictive validity of some of the commonly employed models of mania and depression using standard drugs i.e. lithium (70 mg/kg) and lamotrigine (5 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. MethodsaaThe depression facet of bipolar disorder was evaluated using forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic mild stress test. The models used to evaluate the mania facet of bipolar disorder were isolation-induced aggression test, saccharine preference test, and morphine-sensitized hyperlocomotion test. ResultsaaThe immobility time was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by lamotrigine in the tail suspension test and the forced swim test, while lithium caused significant (p<0.05) reduction only in the tail suspension test. Rats exposed to chronic mild stress showed the maximal increment of 1% sucrose consumption at the 3rd week of treatment in both the lithium (p<0.001) and lamotrigine (p<0.01) groups. In the isolation-induced aggression test, the aggressive behaviour of rats was significantly reduced by both lithium [approach (p<0.001), attack (p<0.01), and bite (p<0.01)] and lamotrigine [approach (p<0.001), and attack (p<0.05)]. Neither of the drugs were effective in the saccharine preference test. Only lithium was able to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the crossing parameter in morphine-sensitized rats. ConclusionaaOur study identifies the chronic mild stress test and isolation-induced aggression test of having the highest predictive validity in the depression and mania facets of bipolar disorder, respectively, and should be a part of a battery of tests used to evaluate novel mood stabilizers.

Comparative Response of Callus and Seedling of Jatropha curcas L. to Salinity Stress

Nitish Kumar,Meenakshi Kaur,D.V.N. Sudheer Pamidimarri,Girish Boricha,Muppala P. Reddy 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2008 Journal of Forest Science Vol.24 No.2

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

Cell wall hydrolases: Expansion or Senescence in Roses (Rosa hybrida L.)

Naveen Kumar,Girish Chand Srivastava,Kiran Dixit 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

Roles of cell wall hydrolases in relation to petal expansion and subsequent senescence in roses were studied. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during the year 2005-07. Two cultivars of cut- roses (Rosa hybrida L.), ‘Grandgala’ and ‘First Red’ were obtained from a commercial grower (German Garden), Dharuheda, Haryana, India. Flower stems were harvested at six different developmental stages. Petals were separated from different petal whorls of the flower, outermost to innermost [7 whorls each in both ‘Grandgala’ and ‘First Red’] from all the developmental stages. Opening of the flower bud was accompanied by increased activity of cell wall hydrolases. Activities of polygalactouronase (PG) and pectin methyl esterase (PME) increased up to stage 5 in flower bud development in all the petal whorls and declined thereafter. Higher levels of PME and PG activity were correlated with the flower bud development and petal expansion. The highest level of ethylene production coincided with the peak activity of both enzymes in expanding petals. The PME activity appeared to create an acidic environment within the cell wall that promoted the action of PG, which might cause cell wall loosening and allow turgor driven petal expansion. It seems that both ethylene dependent (S3-S6) and ethylene independent (S1-S2) activities of PME and PG are parts of a highly coordinated cell death program, which follows initial cell wall loosening, expansion, and finally termination of petal life.

Impact of urbanization and temperature on local abundance of Drosophila repleta Wollaston (1858) in the Western Himalayas

Ramniwas Seema,Kumar Girish,Pandey Manish,Singh Divya 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

With rising global temperatures and expanding urbanization, rapid species abundance shifts and local extinctions may occur. We have observed a notable increase in the local population of Drosophila repleta, a species adapted to warmer environments, which was never documented at higher altitudes in the Western Himalayas before 2003. This change can be attributed to the recent acceleration of urbanization and the effects of climate change. To understand the species’ response to temperature variations, we conducted a comparison of life-history traits at two different temperatures: 17 ◦ C and 25 ◦ C. These temperatures were chosen to simulate the variations expe rienced in 2003 and 2017, respectively. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in trait values at 17 ◦ C, indicating a lower evolutionary capacity for adapting to colder and drier habitats. Additionally, we simulta neously examined the performance of life-history traits in response to different food resources, which corre sponded to the levels of urbanization (carbohydrate-rich vs. protein-rich). The results showed a significant increase in fecundity, viability, and the percentage of adult emergence in flies reared on protein-rich food. This suggests that D. repleta possesses the ability to survive by utilizing the available food resources in the newly urbanized habitats. Considering the projected rise in global temperatures and further urbanization in the near future, D. repleta is likely to become even more abundant in urban environments. However, this could potentially pose a health risk due to the species’ ability to transmit disease-causing organisms.