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SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER RESTRICTED INFERENCE
Akido Kudo,Choi,Jae-Rong 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1984 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.1
Bartholomew(1956)가 提案한 片側 檢定은 Kudo(1963)에 의해서 多次元正規分布의 경우로 擴張되었다. 그 以後 Barlow(1972) 等이 Isotonic Regression 定理와 應用이라는 副題가 주어진 著書를 통하여 많은 成果를 쌓았다. 더나아가서 Choi(1975)는 이 問題를 特異多次元分布에로 擴張하였고 實際 應用할 수 있는 方法 等을 硏究하였다. 現在까지, 주로 九州大學 數學科 統計敎室의 Nomaguchi, Sasabuchi등에 의하여 많은 硏究가 進行되고 있다. 이 Review는 韓日 統計學 심포지움에 紹介된 內容을 좀더 상세하게 報告한 것이다.
INVARIANT RINGS AND REPRESENTATIONS OF SYMMETRIC GROUPS
Kudo, Shotaro Korean Mathematical Society 2013 대한수학회보 Vol.50 No.4
The center of the Lie group $SU(n)$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_n$. If $d$ divides $n$, the quotient $SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d$ is also a Lie group. Such groups are locally isomorphic, and their Weyl groups $W(SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d)$ are the symmetric group ${\sum}_n$. However, the integral representations of the Weyl groups are not equivalent. Under the mod $p$ reductions, we consider the structure of invariant rings $H^*(BT^{n-1};\mathbb{F}_p)^W$ for $W=W(SU(n)/\mathbb{Z}_d)$. Particularly, we ask if each of them is a polynomial ring. Our results show some polynomial and non-polynomial cases.
Kudo, Masatoshi,Kang, Yoon-Koo,Park, Joong-Won,Qin, Shukui,Inaba, Yoshitaka,Assenat, Eric,Umeyama, Yoshiko,Lechuga, Maria José,Valota, Olga,Fujii, Yosuke,Martini, Jean-Francois,Williams, J. Andr S. Karger AG 2018 Liver cancer Vol.7 No.2
<P><B><I>Background:</I></B> An unmet need exists for treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who progress on or are intolerant to sorafenib. A global randomized phase II trial (ClinicalTrial.gov No. NCT01210495) of axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3 inhibitor, in combination with best supportive care (BSC) did not prolong overall survival (OS) over placebo/BSC, but showed improved progression-free survival in some patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential predictive/prognostic factors. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> The data from this phase II study were analyzed for the efficacy and safety of axitinib/BSC in patients from Asia versus non-Asia versus Asian subgroups (Japan, Korea, or mainland China/Hong Kong/Taiwan) and predictive/prognostic values of baseline microRNAs and serum soluble proteins, using the Cox proportional hazards model. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Of 202 patients, 78 were from non-Asia and 124 from Asia (37 Japanese, 36 Korean, and 51 Chinese). No significant differences in OS were found between axitinib/BSC and placebo/BSC in non-Asians, Asians, or Asian subgroups. However, in an exploratory analysis, axitinib/BSC showed favorable OS in Asians, especially Japanese, when patients intolerant to prior antiangiogenic therapy were excluded from the data set. Axitinib/BSC was well tolerated by non-Asians and Asians alike. The presence of 4 circulating microRNAs, including miR-5684 and miR-1224-5p, or a level lower than or equal to the median protein level of stromal cell-derived factor 1 at baseline was significantly associated with longer OS in axitinib/BSC-treated Asians or non-Asians. <B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> Axitinib/BSC did not prolong survival over placebo/BSC in non-Asians, Asians, or Asian subgroups, but favorable OS with axitinib/BSC was observed in a subset of Japanese patients. A patient population that excludes sorafenib-intolerant patients might potentially be more suitable for clinical trials of new agents in advanced HCC. Since these results are very preliminary, further investigation is warranted. The potential predictive/prognostic value of several baseline microRNAs and soluble proteins identified in this study would require validation in prospective studies on a large cohort of patients.</P>
A Channel State Information Feedback Method for Massive MIMO-OFDM
Kudo, Riichi,Armour, Simon M.D.,McGeehan, Joe P.,Mizoguchi, Masato The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4
Combining multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) with a massive number of transmit antennas (massive MIMO-OFDM) is an attractive way of increasing the spectrum efficiency or reducing the transmission energy per bit. The effectiveness of Massive MIMO-OFDM is strongly affected by the channel state information (CSI) estimation method used. The overheads of training frame transmission and CSI feedback decrease multiple access channel (MAC) efficiency and increase the CSI estimation cost at a user station (STA). This paper proposes a CSI estimation scheme that reduces the training frame length by using a novel pilot design and a novel unitary matrix feedback method. The proposed pilot design and unitary matrix feedback enable the access point (AP) to estimate the CSI of the signal space of all transmit antennas using a small number of training frames. Simulations in an IEEE 802.11n channel verify the attractive transmission performance of the proposed methods.
Prostaglandin E Synthase, a Terminal Enzyme for Prostaglandin E<sup>2</sup> Biosynthesis
Kudo, Ichiro,Murakami, Makoto Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2005 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.38 No.6
Biosynthesis of prostanoids is regulated by three sequential enzymatic steps, namely phospholipase $A_2$ enzymes, cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, and various lineage-specific terminal prostanoid synthases. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), which isomerizes COX-derived $PGH_2$ specifically to $PGE_2$, occurs in multiple forms with distinct enzymatic properties, expressions, localizations and functions. Two of them are membrane-bound enzymes and have been designated as mPGES-1 and mPGES-2. mPGES-1 is a perinuclear protein that is markedly induced by proinflammatory stimuli, is down-regulated by anti inflammatory glucocorticoids, and is functionally coupled with COX-2 in marked preference to COX-1. Recent gene targeting studies of mPGES-1 have revealed that this enzyme represents a novel target for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. mPGES-2 is synthesized as a Golgi membrane-associated protein, and the proteolytic removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain leads to the formation of a mature cytosolic enzyme. This enzyme is rather constitutively expressed in various cells and tissues and is functionally coupled with both COX-1 and COX-2. Cytosolic PGES (cPGES) is constitutively expressed in a wide variety of cells and is functionally linked to COX-1 to promote immediate $PGE_2$ production. This review highlights the latest understanding of the expression, regulation and functions of these three PGES enzymes.
Kudo, Masatoshi,Finn, Richard S,Qin, Shukui,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Ikeda, Kenji,Piscaglia, Fabio,Baron, Ari,Park, Joong-Won,Han, Guohong,Jassem, Jacek,Blanc, Jean Frederic,Vogel, Arndt,Komov, Dmitry,Evans, T Elsevier 2018 The Lancet Vol.391 No.10126
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>In a phase 2 trial, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1–3, FGF receptors 1–4, PDGF receptor α, RET, and KIT, showed activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare overall survival in patients treated with lenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This was an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, non-inferiority trial that recruited patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, who had not received treatment for advanced disease, at 154 sites in 20 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific, European, and North American regions. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive voice–web response system—with region; macroscopic portal vein invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; and bodyweight as stratification factors—to receive oral lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg) or sorafenib 400 mg twice-daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival, measured from the date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause. The efficacy analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle, and only patients who received treatment were included in the safety analysis. The non-inferiority margin was set at 1·08. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01761266.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between March 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015, 1492 patients were recruited. 954 eligible patients were randomly assigned to lenvatinib (n=478) or sorafenib (n=476). Median survival time for lenvatinib of 13·6 months (95% CI 12·1–14·9) was non-inferior to sorafenib (12·3 months, 10·4–13·9; hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·79–1·06), meeting criteria for non-inferiority. The most common any-grade adverse events were hypertension (201 [42%]), diarrhoea (184 [39%]), decreased appetite (162 [34%]), and decreased weight (147 [31%]) for lenvatinib, and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (249 [52%]), diarrhoea (220 [46%]), hypertension (144 [30%]), and decreased appetite (127 [27%]) for sorafenib.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>Lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety and tolerability profiles of lenvatinib were consistent with those previously observed.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Eisai Inc.</P>
THE INBREEDING COEFFICIENT OF HONEYBEES UNDER CONTROLLED MATING CONDITIONS
KUDO, AKIO,KEFUSS, JOHN,KIM, BYONG-DOK 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-
A graphical method is used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient of honeybees produced by instrumentally inseminating a queen with either sperm from a single drone, several drones from the same queen or several drones from different queens.