An Evaluation of Dynamic Java Bytecode Software Watermarking Algorithms

Krishan Kumar,Viney Kehar,Prabhpreet Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.7

In the era of Information technology, Software Piracy and security has become one of the most important issue in world. Numbers of techniques have been proposed and implemented to prevent software piracy and illegal modification. Among all the protection techniques, software watermarking technique which attempts to protect the software by embedding copyright notice or unique identifiers into software to prove the ownership of software. Software Watermarking discourage piracy; as a proof of purchase or authorship; also helps in tracking the source of illegal redistribution of copies of software. We evaluate the existing dynamic watermarking algorithms using them to watermark java bytecode files and then applying distortive attacks to each watermarked program by obfuscating. Our study has shown that some watermarks were removed as results of these transformations.

Design and Simulation of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor based Low Pass Filter

Bal Krishan,Sanjai Kumar Agarwal,Sanjeev Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10

Carbon nanotube is the new material which has ability to replace Si in the future. CNT has remarkable unique properties that make carbon nanotube a promising material in the future. Carbon nanotube field effect transistor is one of the main application of CNTs. Carbon nanotube Field Effect Transistor will play important role in designing of sequential and combinational circuits which are the base of digital computers. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors have been considered as accompaniment to , future electronic circuit due to the larger current carrier mobility in CNTs compared to bulk silicon. In this research paper, simulation of Low Pass Filter have done at 45 nm technology using hspice. The simulation result of proposed Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor based Low Pass Filter show that the frequency response of Low Pass Filters are working satisfactory. It has applications in the low pass circuits. In electronics, these filters are widely used in many applications. Moreover, it is clear from the Phase response of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor based Low Pass Filter that it is stable Filter. So, we can use it in powerful conditions where stability is main concern.

Efficacy of Various Bacillius thuringiensis Berliner Formulations against Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella L. Infesting Honeybee Combs

Yogesh Kumar,Krishan Kumar,H. D. Kaushik 한국양봉학회 2009 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

Efficacy of three Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner viz. Bioasp, Biolep (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) and Turex (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai) at 2.00, 2.50, 3.00 and 5.00g/L doses were tested in laboratory against Galleria mellonella L. by comb piece dipping method. Results revealed that LC?? of Bioasp, Biolep and Turex for second and third instar larvae was 2.13 and 2.51, 2.45 and 2.81, 2.23 and 3.46g/L, respectively. By all the three formulations, time taken to kill 50 per cent population of the two instars was more at lower doses as compared to higher. Further, time required to kill 50 per cent population of third instar larvae was more as compared to second instar.

Symbiotic Organisms Search Response to Distributed Database Queries

Atinderpal Singh,Krishan Kumar,Rajinder Singh Virk,김혜진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11

This paper has prime focus on the query optimization problem in distributed database environment. Query Processing is the major concept involved in distributed system. Data that is dispersed geographically at different locations is too gathered at resulting user site. There are many different execution actions that lead to same query result but differ in the cost incurred in query processing. We have to consider the execution strategy that yields optimal result. Communication cost is the major cost incurred when we talk about query processing in distributed system. Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm (Meta-heuristic) has been applied for query optimization in distributed environment. Result obtained using this meta-heuristic approach is compared with several optimization approaches. Results reveal the better performance of the algorithm for solving the hard problem of query processing in distributed database environment.

Successful Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection with Directly Acting Antivirals in Renal Transplant Recipients

( Sunil Taneja ),( Ajay Duseja ),( Arka De ),( Vivek Kumar ),( Raja Ramachandran ),( Ashish Sharma ),( Radha K Dhiman ),( Krishan L Gupta ),( Yogesh Chawla ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Background and Aims: The data regarding the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in renal transplant recipients is lacking from the Asia-Pacific region. Aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of directly acting antivirals (DAAs) in the treatment of CHC infection in renal transplant recipients. Methods: A total of 47 HCV infected renal transplant recipients were enrolled in this real life observational cohort analysis between March 2015 and September 2016. Presence of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis was assessed on transient elastography (Fibroscan). Fourteen patients were treated with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin for 24 weeks. Twenty-two patients received Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir and twelve patients received Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir with (n=3) or without (n=31) Ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks depending on genotype and underlying cirrhosis. Data was analyzed for safety and treatment efficacy [sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12)]. Results: The mean baseline HCV RNA concentration in the whole group was 7.38 x 106 IU/ml (1.23 x 104- 6.36 X 107). The SVR12 rates were 100% in all groups except in the Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin group (86%). Transient Elastography revealed minimal or no fibrosis (F0-F1) in 31 (65.96%) patients, moderate fibrosis (F2) in 11 (23.4%) patients and cirrhosis in 5 (10.64%) patients. The only serious adverse effect was anemia observed in 8 (57%) patients in the Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin group. Conclusions: DAAs including Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir and Ledipasvir with or without ribavirin are safe and effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in renal transplant recipients

Plant Diversity, Tree Regeneration, Biomass Production and Carbon Storage in Different Oak Forests on Ridge Tops of Garhwal Himalaya

Sharma, Chandra Mohan,Tiwari, Om Prakash,Rana, Yashwant Singh,Krishan, Ram,Mishra, Ashish Kumar Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.4

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density ($607{\pm}33.60trees\;ha^{-1}$) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value ($48.02{\pm}3.67m^2ha^{-1}$), whereas highest TBC value ($80.16{\pm}3.30m^2ha^{-1}$) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density ($594{\pm}23.43stems\;ha^{-1}$). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between $497.32{\pm}83.70$ (FT1) and $663.16{\pm}93.85t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between $228.75{\pm}22.27$ (FT1) and $304.31{\pm}18.12t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey's test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.

Plant Diversity, Tree Regeneration, Biomass Production and Carbon Storage in Different Oak Forests on Ridge Tops of Garhwal Himalaya

Chandra Mohan Sharma,Om Prakash Tiwari,Yashwant Singh Rana,Ram Krishan,Ashish Kumar Mishra 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.4

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density (607±33.60 trees ha-1) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value (48.02± 3.67 m2ha-1), whereas highest TBC value (80.16±3.30 m2ha-1) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density (594±23.43 stems ha-1). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between 497.32±83.70 (FT1) and 663.16±93.85 t ha-1 (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between 228.75±22.27 (FT1) and 304.31±18.12 t ha-1 (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey’s test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.