Understanding the Concept of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Athletes: A Narrative Review

Anvi RANA(Anvi RANA ) 한국스포츠과학회 2022 스포츠과학연구(JSAS) Vol.6 No.4

New insights into the aetiology of anaemia in athletes have been discovered in recent years. From hemodilution and redistribution, which are thought to commit to so-called “sports anaemia,” to iron deficiency triggered by higher requirements, dietary requirements, decreased uptake, enhanced losses, hemolysis, and sequester, to genetic factors of different types of anaemia (some related to sport), anaemia in athletes necessitates a careful and multisystem methodology. Dietary factors that hinder iron absorption and enhance iron bioavailability (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) should be considered. Celiac disease, which is more common in female athletes, may be the consequence of an iron deficiency anaemia that is unidentified. Sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis are all ways iron is lost during strength training. In training, evaluating the iron status, particularly in athletes at risk of iron deficiency, may work on improving iron balance and possibly effectiveness. Iron status is influenced by a healthy gut microbiome. To eliminate hemolysis, athletes at risk of iron deficiency should engage in non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sporting activities.

Microscopic molecular dynamics characterization of the second-order non-Navier-Fourier constitutive laws in the Poiseuille gas flow

Rana, A.,Ravichandran, R.,Park, J. H.,Myong, R. S. American Institute of Physics 2016 Physics of fluids Vol.28 No.8

Optimization for glimepiride dissolution enhancement utilizing different carriers and techniques

Rana R. Makar,Randa Latif,Ehab A. Hosni,Omaima N. El Gazayerly 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.2

The present work is a comparative study that matches between carriers and techniques used to prepare solid mixtures with glimepiride. The study is directed towards elucidation of the most promising carrier capable of highly improving drug dissolution along with the most successful technique used for drug formulation. Mixtures were tested for drug content and dissolution. The most optimum formulae were characterized by DSC, IR and XRPD. Kinetic treatment of dissolution data was performed for physical and co-ground mixtures, solid dispersions and their adsorbates, triple solid dispersions and their adsorbates, microwave generated or treated solid dispersions. Results revealed that enhancing effectmostly reached maximum with ternary solid dispersion adsorbate (TSDads). The latter technique demonstrated a dramatic increase in drug dissolution rate which was reflected in the shortest half-life for most carriers at variable degrees. The highest dissolution rate was attained with pregelatinized starch and decreased to variable degrees with remaining carriers. Differences were ascribed to chemical nature as well as relative water solubility of carriers. The combined effects of incorporating surfactants, polymers and adsorbents to glimepiride contributed together to improve wetting, reduce crystallinity and caused substantial increase in the surface area which made TSDads the most promising technique for enhancing dissolution of glimepiride.

Iris Matching Using SURF Algorithm

Rana Saad Mohammed,Nada Jasim Habeeb,Ziad Mohammed Abood 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.12

Iris recognition is one of biometric techniques that provide fast and accurate for human identification. This paper studies four main types of iris (Jewel, flower, stream, and shaker). And also it studies a fast method using Speed Up Robust Features algorithm (SURF) for finding a match between original eye image and input eye image to the system with taking into account the speed of algorithm implementation and its compatibility with an iris scanner.

Comparative Genetic Diversity in Natural and Hatchery Populations of Indian Major Carps (C. catla and L. rohita)

Rana, R.S.,Bhat, K.V.,Lakhanpal, S.,Lakra, W.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.9

This study deals with the characterization of three populations (two hatchery and one natural) of Indian major carps Catla catla and Labeo rohita from different locations in India. The genetics of Indian major carps has been completely obscure and this is the first report on comparative allozyme variations in natural and hatchery population. The total 10 biochemical genetic markers used to measure interspecific and intraspecific level of diversity. The allele frequency data indicate different level of genetic variability in three populations. The hatchery population exhibited least polymorphism, low level of heterozygosity and genetic diversity.

Lack of Association of the NPAS2 Gene Ala394Thr Polymorphism (rs2305160:G>A) with Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Rana, Sobia,Shahid, Adeela,Ullah, Hafeez,Mahmood, Saqib Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Background: NPAS2 is a product of the circadian clock gene. It acts as a putative tumor suppressor by playing an important role in DNA damage responses, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) appears to be an apoptosis related disorder and alteration in the NPAS2 gene might therefore be directly involved in the etiology of CLL. Here, the Ala394Thr polymorphism (rs2305160:G>A) in the NPAS2 gene was genotyped and melatonin concentrations were measured in a total of seventy-four individuals, including thirty-seven CLL cases and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls in order to examine the effect of NPAS2 polymorphism and melatonin concentrations on CLL risk in a Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of rs2305160:G>A polymorphism at NPAS2 locus was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Melatonin concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: Our results demonstrated no association of the variant Thr genotypes (Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr) with risk of CLL. Similarly, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was observed in either females or males after stratification of study population on a gender basis. Moreover, when the subjects with CLL were further stratified into shift-workers and non-shift-workers, no association of rs2305160 with CLL was seen in either case. However, significantly low serum melatonin levels were observed in CLL patients as compared to healthy subjects (p<0.05). Also, lower melatonin levels were seen in shift-workers as compared to non-shift-workers (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the melatonin levels across NPAS2 genotypes in all subjects, subjects with CLL who were either shift workers or non-shift-workers. General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analysis revealed no significant association (p>0.05) of the rs2305160 polymorphism of the NPAS2 gene with melatonin levels in any of the groups. Conclusions: While low melatonin levels and shift-work can be considered as one of the risk factors for CLL, the NPAS2 rs2305160 polymorphism does not appear to have any association with risk of CLL in our Pakistani population.

Assembly of gold nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes by using click chemistry.

Rana, Sravendra,Kumar, Indresh,Yoo, Hye Jin,Cho, Jae Whan American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9 No.5

<P>Azide moiety-functionalized gold nanoparticles were conjugated with acetylene functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes by employing copper-catalyzed Huisgen's [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition 'click chemistry' reaction. Evidences of conjunction were observed by TEM, EDX and Raman images.</P>

Seasonal Variations in Tannin Profile of Tree Leaves

Rana, K.K.,Wadhwa, M.,Bakshi, M.P.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.8

Forest tree leaves (12 different species) of semi hilly arid region of Punjab State were collected at 30-day interval throughout the year to assess the seasonal variations in tannin profile. Tannins were extracted and fractionated from fat free samples and data were analyzed statistically by $12{\times}12$ factorial design. The leaves of Anogeissus latifolia had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of total phenols (17.4%), net (15.9%) and hydrolysable (16.9%) tannins, followed by leaves of Acacia nilotica. Majority of the tree leaves selected had moderate levels (2-5%) of net tannins. Leaves of Carrisa had the highest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins (CT), whereas the leaves of Anogeissus had the lowest (p<0.05) concentration of condensed tannins. The protein precipitable phenols (PPP) corresponded well with the net tannin content present in different tree leaves. Seasonal variation data revealed that in summer, net tannins and PPP decline in leaves of Bauhinia and Zizyphus whereas the net tannin content of Anogeissus and that of Carrisa increased during summer. The CT and PPP content in the leaves of Pheonix, Leucaena, Zizyphus and Ougenia increased in winter till spring season. Tree leaves generally had higher concentration of HT during summer months. It was concluded that leaves of leaves of A. nilotica, A. latifolia and L. leucocephala could serve as an excellent alternate feed stuffs for ruminants. However, leaves of Phoenix, Carrisa, Bauhinia and Dodonea should be avoided.

Dealing Naturally with Stumbling Blocks on Highways and Byways of TRAIL Induced Signaling

Rana, Aamir,Attar, Rukset,Qureshi, Muhammad Zahid,Gasparri, Maria Luisa,Donato, Violante Di,Ali, Ghulam Muhammad,Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

In-depth analysis of how TRAIL signals through death receptors to induce apoptosis in cancer cells using high throughput technologies has added new layers of knowledge. However, the wealth of information has also highlighted the fact that TRAIL induced apoptosis may be impaired as evidenced by experimental findings obtained from TRAIL resistant cancer cell lines. Overwhelmingly, increasing understanding of TRAIL mediated apoptosis has helped in identifying synthetic and natural compounds which can restore TRAIL induced apoptosis via functionalization of either extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. Increasingly it is being realized that biologically active phytochemicals modulate TRAIL induced apoptosis, as evidenced by cell-based studies. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of how different phytonutrients have shown efficacy in restoring apoptosis in TRAIL resistant cancer cells. We partition this review into how the TRAIL mediated signaling landscape has broadened over the years and how TRAIL induced signaling machinery crosstalks with autophagic protein networks. Subsequently, we provide a generalized view of considerable biological activity of coumarins against a wide range of cancer cell lines and how coumarins (psoralidin and esculetin) isolated from natural sources have improved TRAIL induced apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We summarize recent updates on piperlongumine, phenethyl isothiocyanate and luteolin induced activation of TRAIL mediated apoptosis. The data obtained from pre-clinical studies will be helpful in translation of information from benchtop to the bedside.

Hierarchical mesoporous bio-polymer/silica composites co-templated by trimethyl chitosan and a surfactant for controlled drug delivery

Rana, Vijay Kumar,Park, Sung Soo,Parambadath, Surendran,Kim, Mi Ju,Kim, Sun-Hee,Mishra, Satyendra,Singh, Raj Pal,Ha, Chang-Sik Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 MedChemComm Vol.2 No.12

<P>In this communication, we report the facile synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous bio-polymer/silica composite materials with bimodal mesopores using a dual-template of the cationic <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-trimethyl chitosan (TMCs) and the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) <I>via</I> one-step synthetic strategy. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as a silica source. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the hierarchical structure of the mesoporous bio-polymer/silica composites with bimodal mesopores having an average pore size of 5–7 nm with the visible voids between the silica nanoparticles, which allow the mesoporous bio-polymer/silica composites to encapsulate a large number of guest drug molecules, Ibuprofen (IBU) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), due to their high surface area and pore volume. In addition, the mesoporous chitosan–silica composites also had a long term biocompatibility for the target release of the drug molecules to the CEM cells, MCF cells, <I>etc.</I> as well as a pH sensitive controlled release behavior of the drug molecules.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A facile, dual-template method was reported to synthesize hierarchical mesoporous bio-polymer/silica composite materials with dual mesopores for controlled drug delivery. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0md00222d'> </P>