Rationalization in Korea container terminal using DEA cross-efficiency and cluster analysis

Kim Sungki,Kim Chanho,Kim Sangyoul,Choi Sanggyun 한국해운물류학회 2022 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.38 No.2

Ports and container terminals today are interchanges for maritime and land transport as well as important facilities that serve as communication channels for nations, regional economies, and forelands. They also act as suppliers providing cargo handling and international logistics services at the national level. Traditionally, the port industry was less competitive than other industries. However, competition among terminals is intensifying due to recent environmental changes, and the excessive competition between Korean container terminals has produced negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to establish terminal rationalization plans to resolve excessive competition among container terminals at the national level. This study examined the direction for terminal rationalization at the national level to alleviate excessive competition among container terminals based on the theory of supply base rationalization. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency and cluster analysis were combined to provide rationalization plans based on efficiency measurement. This study is significant as it presents a strategic analytical tool to establish terminal rationalization plans at the national level and also proves its applicability. © 2022 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Association of Shipping and Logistics, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0

1.6L GDI 차량에서 EURO 6 입자상 물질 규제를 만족하기 위한 PN 저감에 관한 연구

김영재(Youngjae Kim),전상열(Sangyoul Jun),김용하(Yongha Kim),류승현(Seunghyun Rew),이동현(DongHyeon Lee),최관희(Kwanhee Choi),박심수(Simsoo Park) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

Recently, the alternative to reduce CO₂ and improve fuel efficiency owing to rising oil price and green house gas emission regulation is GDI vehicle that is expected to be a dominant technology for quite a long time. However, unlike PFI engine GDI engine that sprays fuel inside of cylinder emits soot like diesel engine as all you know. We called it is PM. (Particular matter) PM of less than 2.5μm which is very, very tiny material leads to fatal consequences in human body by accumulating at lungs without filtering through respiratory system. Therefore, particle emission will be added for European automobile emission regulation in 2014. The disputed result is currently 4.5mg/km for particle mass and 6<SUP>*</SUP>10<SUP>11</SUP>#/km for particle number in case of EURO Ⅵ diesel vehicle. In case of EURO Ⅵ gasoline vehicle, particle mass is 4.5mg/km and particle number is under the discussion stage. In this study, present level of 1.6L GDI vehicle is measured and is figured out correlation between PM and PN through engine test. A cause of PM and PN formation is divided into several types of reason; however, this paper describes the optimization of engine control parameter without hardware change like combustion chamber, cylinder shape, injector type and injection target position. Same amount of CO₂, reduction of existing exhaust gas and 87% PN in contradistinction to the base in NEDC mode test is attained. As a result, 60% level of provisional PN limit is accomplished and this result will contribute to vehicle cost reduction by decreasing after-treatment cost. Based on this study, if it is expanded to different displacement vehicles, a standard of vehicle development to satisfy PN limit will be prepared.

GDI 엔진 촉매 활성화 구간의 입자상 물질 배출 저감에 대한 연구

김용하(Yongha Kim),김영재(Youngjae Kim),전상열(Sangyoul Jun),류승현(Seunghyun Rew),이동현(Donghyun Lee),최관희(Kwanhee Choi),박심수(Simsoo Park) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

GDI engine has been paying attention to be one of the solutions to improve fuel economy and to respond to emission regulations. However, due to the wall wetting phenomenon caused by high pressure injection directly into cylinders, there is a problem about particle emission increase. In this research, particle matter emission characteristics due to suction stroke start of injection(SOI) angle, compression stoke end of injection angle(EOI), injection split factor were investigated by using a 4-cylinder GDI engine for catalyst heating range. Using the test results, SOI, EOI and injection split factor were optimized for minimum particle emission. With the optimized variables, it has been confirmed that catalyst light-off time, COV and CO2, NOx emission were slightly increased, HC was increased 19%, but particle emission was reduced more than 90%.

효율적인 항만공사의 운영과 관리를 위한 데이터 웨어하우스 구현방안에 관한 연구

김태훈(Taehun Kim),김상열(Sangyoul Kim) 한국항만경제학회 2013 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

데이터 웨어하우스는 운영 시스템이 아닌 "경영층의 의사결정지원을 위한, 통합적, 시계열적, 주제 지향적, 비휘발성적인 데이터의 집합"으로 정의된다. 데이터 웨어하우스는 기업정보처리를 위한 기본적인 아키텍처로 데이터가 공급되었다고 해서 정보의 창조와 사용과 직결되지는 않는다. 데이터 웨어하우징 시스템은 데이터 공급이 아니라, 정보의 사용을 주목적으로 하고 있다. 현재의 항만공사 운영시스템인 Port-MIS에서는 데이터베이스 구성이 전체적인 데이터 아키텍처 하에서 구성되지 않고 업무별 데이터베이스, 목적별 데이터베이스 형태로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 점들 때문에 데이터베이스 확장에 한계가 있고 데이터 불일치 등이 발생할 수 있으며, 전사적 데이터 자산관리가 이루지기 어렵다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 항만공사의 운영을 위한 데이터 웨어하우스 구현 방안을 개념적 연구로 제안하였다. A data warehouse is not an operational database, only a database for decision support. It is defied as "a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant and non-volatile collection of data". It is an indispensable element of successful information processing technology. This study is designed to suggest a better way to use database for efficient Port Authority"s management. It is expected to play a significant role in introducing a data warehouse dedicated to port industry. Data warehouses are to serve as an opportunity to be fully exploited as a strategic technology for ports. Seven subject areas supporting ideas of researchers constitute this study.

GDI 엔진에서 입자상 물질규제를 만족하기 위한 전략

김영재(Youngjae Kim),전상열(Sangyoul Jun),김용하(Yongha Kim),류승현(Seunghyun Rew),이강훈(KangHun Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

항만 배후부지 경쟁력 평가에 관한 연구

김율성(Yulseong Kim),김상열(Sangyoul Kim) 한국항만경제학회 2011 韓國港灣經濟學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

기업들의 국제 분업화와 SCM(supply chain management) 체계 확산을 계기로 SCM과 물류가 통합되었으며, 이러한 패러다임 변화에 의해 항만과 공항의 배후단지가 공급, 제조, 유통 등의 중심지가 되고 있다. 또한, 글로벌 SCM 체계의 확산 과정에서 글로벌 기업들은 항만 및 항만 배후부지의 경쟁력을 평가하는데 있어 입지여건을 매우 중요한 요인으로 평가하였고, 기존의 물동량 창출과 함께 배후부지에서의 부가가치물류(value added logistics)의 중요성이 강화되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 항만 배후부지의 경쟁력 평가 모형을 수립하고,7개 국내외 항만 배후부지를 평가하고자 하였다. AHP 분석을 통해 항만 배후부지 경쟁력 평가요인들의 중요도 분석을 수행한 결과는 물류요인이 62.3%의 중요도를 보이며, 다음으로 배후경제요인(27.3%), 도시 및 정책요인(10.4%)의 순으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 항만 배후부지 경쟁력 향상을 위해서는 상대적으로 중요도가 높은 물류 요소에 대한 활성화방안 마련이 가장 필수적임을 의미한다. 특히, 항만의 서비스노선과 항공 네트워크망 구축이 필요하며, 이를 지원하기 위한 인프라 확충도 뒤따라야 할 것이다. 국내외 7대 항만 배후부지 경쟁력에 대한 부산항의 평가 결과는 싱가포르, 홍콩, 상해에 이어 4위로 평가되었다. 향후 본 연구에서 제시한 항만 배후부지 경쟁력 평가모형을 바탕으로 경쟁력을 평가하여 차별화된 인센티브 제공 등에 대한 연구가 추가되어야 할 것이다. Global companies regard the conditions of a location as one of the most crucial factors to assess the competitiveness of ports and the port hinterland, as well as emphasize creation of throughput and the importance of value added logistics in the hinterland under diffusing Supply Chain ManagementCSCM). This study deals with the evaluation of competitiveness in 7 hinterlands and the establishment of assessment model in hinterland. This study analyzes the importance of factors for the port hinterland competitiveness using AHP method. As a result, logistics factor, accounting for 62.3%, is shown as the relative more important factor, followed by hinterland"s economy factorsC27.3%) and city/policy factorClO.4%). The result implicates that measures to activate logistics factors with relatively high importance are essentially needed in order to improve the competitiveness of the hinterland of Busan New Port. Especially, it is needed to establish service routes of the port and air networks and to expand infrastructure for support. This study also assesses the competitiveness of hinterlands for the seven domestic and foreign ports based on importance of assessment factors for the hinterland competitiveness using AHP analysis. BusanC3.903) is ranked fourth behind SingaporeC4.570), Hong KongC4.357) and ShanghaiC4.042) in assessment.

연료에 따른 직접 분사 엔진의 입자상 물질 발생량 변화에 대한 연구

김용하(Yongha Kim),김영재(Youngjae Kim),강지원(Jiwon Kang),전상열(Sangyoul Jun),류승현(Seunghyun Rew) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

Determination of Diffusion and Perfusion by NMR Bipolar Gradients Pulse Technique

Kim, Namsoo,Baek, Changhyun,Shin, Yongjin,You, Sangha,Hong, Kwangjoon,Ryang, Kyungseung,Lee, Sangyoul,Cahill, Patrick T CHOSUN UNIVERSITY 1997 Basic Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.1

In Biologic tissues, intravoxel imcoherent motion(IVIM) include molecular diffusion of water, microcirculation of blood in the capillary network (perfusion), an nonuniform slow flow, such as cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) flow. Molecular diffusion is dependent an the physical properties of tissue, and microcirculation of blood or perfusion can also be considered an incoherent motion due to the pseudorandom organization of the capillary network at the voxel level. Perfusion imaging has the potential of characterizing tissues by their perfusion patterns, but also provides information as tissue function. IVIMs are quantified in each voxel on the basis of an apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC). Measure directly and individually both tissue diffusion and perfusion by use of a bipolar gradient pulse technique into NMR spin echo sequence. The diffusion coefficient(D) for water and acetone were 2.10 (x10-³mm²/sec) and 5.06(x10-³mm²/sec), respectively. The perfusion factor was linearly incremental for stepwise increases in flow velocities. A specially fabricated random flow phantom is used to support the validity of this theory.

3차원 적재문제의 최적 해법

김상열,박순달 한국경영과학회 1998 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of his paper is to formulate the three-dimensional loading problem and to develop an exact algorithm. The three-dimensional loading problem is not only to load as many boxes as possible, but also to ensure load stability. In this paper, we propose formulation by zero-one integer programming. Further we propose as an algorithm the branch-and-bound enforced by efficient bounding criteria. As an upper bound, we use the solution of the Lagrangean relaxation problem which relaxes constraints of zero-one IP. and as a lower bound, we use a heuristic solution induced by the solution of the Lagrangean relaxation problem. Last, we show computational experiments on convergency of upper and lower bounds.

인터넷을 이용한 화상 의료 진단시스템

이상열,김석현,여지환,황병곤 한국정보전략학회 1999 추계공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.01

최근 인터넷의 보급 및 확대가 의료 환경에 중요한 변화를 가져오고 있다. 인터넷이 단순히 전세계의 정보를 얻는 단계에서 벗어나 의료의 중요한 부분이라고 할 수 있는 환자의 진단과 처방을 실시할 수 있는 원격진료 시스템까지 확대되어 이용되어지고 있다. 원격 진료 시스템이란 최근 부각되고 있는 멀티미디어 시스템인 오디오, 비디오 및 문자정보를 통신을 통하여 의료의 제공, 진단, 자문, 치료, 의료의 정보전달 등을 하는 행위이다. 원격진료 시스템은 화상진료, 전자의무기록, 특정인 호출 시스템으로 구성되어 있다.