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18.4%-Efficient Heterojunction Si Solar Cells Using Optimized ITO/Top Electrode
Kim, Namwoo,Um, Han-Don,Choi, Inwoo,Kim, Ka-Hyun,Seo, Kwanyong American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.18
<P>We optimize the thickness of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer, and apply a microscale mesh pattern metal electrode for high-efficiency a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells. A solar cell equipped with the proposed microgrid metal electrode demonstrates a high short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 40.1 mA/cm(2), and achieves a high efficiency of 18.4% with an open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of 618 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 74.1% as result of the shortened carrier path length and the decreased electrode area of the microgrid metal electrode. Furthermore, by optimizing the process sequence for electrode formation, we are able to effectively restore the reduction in V-OC that occurs during the microgrid metal electrode formation process. This work is expected to become a fundamental study that can effectively improve current loss in a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells through the optimization of transparent and metal electrodes.</P>
Namwoo Kim,조성배,Kyeong Bae,송창호 물리치료재활과학회 2022 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.11 No.4
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities of stroke patients and healthy participants during bimanual tasks. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: A total of 25 participants (13 hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants) were recruited. The muscle activities using electromyogram (EMG) during bimanual tasks were collected from the following muscles: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB). The bimanual tasks included eight tasks consisted of (1) raising the wrists up and down, (2) supinating and pronating the palms, (3) touching the shoulder with fingertips, (4) drawing vertical dot, (5) reaching for a cup and bring it in to drink, (6) drawing a circle outward and (7) inward, and (8) grasping the fingers. The EMG data collected from the muscles of paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients and the average from both sides of healthy subjects were normalized and compared after calculating the percentage of maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Results: The ECRL, BB and TB of the paretic side of the stroke patients showed relatively greater muscle activity compared to the non-paretic side as well asaverage of the healthy subject duringall tasks (p<0.05). In addition, the ECRL showed the highest muscle activity during most of the tasks. All of the non-paretic side musclesfrom stroke patients showed higher muscle activity compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: The current study showed that muscle activities of upper extremity varied between paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients during bimanual tasks. Interestingly, the non-paretic side muscle activities were also different from those of normal participants.
Kim, Namwoo,Kim, Jeewuan,Yang, Bo Ram,Hahm, Bong-Jin The Korean Pain Society 2022 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.35 No.4
Background: Few studies have investigated unspecified or idiopathic pain associated with COIVD-19. This study aimed to provide the incidence rates of unspecified pain and idiopathic pain in patients with COVID-19 for 90 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: A propensity score matched cohort was used, including all patients with COVID-19 in South Korea, and analyzed their electronic medical records. The control group consisted of those who had not had tests for COVID-19 at all. Unspecified pain diagnoses consisted of diagnoses related to pain included in the ICD-10 Chapter XVIII. Idiopathic pain disorders included fibromyalgia, temporomandibular joint disorders, headaches, chronic prostatitis, complex regional pain syndrome, atypical facial pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. Results: After matching, the number of participants in each group was 7,911. For most unspecified pain, the incidences were higher in the COVID-19 group (11.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.0-12.5) than in the control group (6.5%; 95% CI, 6.0-7.1). For idiopathic pain, only the headaches had a significantly higher incidence in the COVID-19 group (6.6%; 95% CI, 6.1-7.2) than in the control group (3.7%; 95% CI, 3.3-4.1). However, using a different control group that included only patients who visited a hospital at least once for any reasons, the incidences of most unspecified and idiopathic pain were higher in the control group than in the COVID-19 group. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 might be at a higher risk of experiencing unspecified pain in the acute phase or after recovery compared with individuals who had not had tests for COVID-19.
COVID-19 Outbreak in a Military Unit in Korea
Kim Chanhee,Kim Young-Man,Heo Namwoo,Park Eunjung,Choi Sojin,Jang Sehyuk,Kim Na-young,Kown Donghyok,Park Young Joon,Choi Byeongseop,Ha Beomman,Jeong Gyeonghwa,Park Changbo,Park Sejin,Lee Hee Young 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This study presents the response of a military unit to an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Gyeonggi Province. As soon as 2 soldiers were identified as index cases, the infectious disease investigators of the Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, and the Armed Forces Epidemiologic Investigation Center discussed the investigation and response plan for an imminent massive outbreak. METHODS: The joint immediate response team (IRT) conducted interviews with confirmed COVID-19 patients, reviewed their medical records, performed contact tracing using global positioning system data, and undertook a field investigation. For risk assessment, the joint IRT visited all 8 sites of the military units and the army chaplain’s church to evaluate the transmission risk at each site. The evaluation items included the size of the site, the use of air conditioning, whether windows were opened, and whether masks were worn. Pooled testing was used for the low-risk population to quickly detect the spread of COVID-19 in the military base. RESULTS: One day before the symptom onset of the index case, the lecturer and >50% of the attendees were infected with COVID-19 while attending a lecture that lasted 2 hours and 30 minutes. Attendees were not wearing masks and were in a poorly ventilated room. CONCLUSIONS: Since COVID-19 can be spread before symptom onset, contact tracing must be performed to investigate potential exposures prior to symptom onset and to manage any exposed persons.
Heo Namwoo,Lee Jihee,Kim Yeonkyung,Lee Donghan,허석재,박윤수,Yun Jae-Won,Kim Yong Chan 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.15
Background: The largest outbreak of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 occurred at a preschool in South Korea from June 12 to 29, 2020. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of EHEC infection in this outbreak. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was performed on all 184 children and 19 workers at the preschool using a standard questionnaire to assess symptoms, food intake, attendance, and special activity history. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of confirmed cases was performed to determine genetic relevance. Results: During this outbreak, 103 children were affected, whereas only one infection was identified in adults. Of the 103 pediatric patients, 85 had symptoms (82.5%), including diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stool, fever, and vomiting. Thirty-two patients (31.1%) were hospitalized, 15 (14.6%) were diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 4 (3.9%) received dialysis treatment. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified 4 genotypes with high genetic relevance (92.3%). Epidemiological investigation revealed that this outbreak might have occurred from ingesting foods stored in a refrigerator with a constant temperature above 10°C, which was conducive to bacterial growth. Despite several measures after outbreak recognition, new infections continued to appear. Therefore, the preschool was forced to close on June 19 to prevent further person-to-person transmission. Conclusion: Our findings from the response to the largest outbreak will help prepare countermeasures against future EHEC outbreak.
김남우(Namwoo Kim),이미영(Miyoung Lee) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.39 No.1
위치 기반의 모바일 서비스, GPS(Global Positioning System), RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) 등의 사용이 폭발적으로 증가하여, 위치 및 공간 데이터가 기하급수적으로 늘어나고 있다. 대규모 공간 데이터를 빠르게 검색하기 위해 대표적으로 R-tree 기반의 인덱스 구조를 사용한다. 대량의 공간 데이터로부터 효율적으로 R-tree 인덱스를 생성하기 위한 방법으로 STR(Sort-Tile-Recursive) 기법이 널리 알려져 있다. STR 기법은 공간 데이터를 정렬하는 부분에서 대부분의 시간을 소모한다. 정렬 시간 단축을 위해 본 논문에서는 버킷 정렬 기법을 이용하여 공간 데이터를 정렬하고, R-tree기반의 인덱스를 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 STR 기법의 Sort-Tile 부분을 버킷 정렬로 변경하여 인덱스 생성 시간을 단축한다. 실험결과를 통해 제안 기법이 STR 기법보다 7배 향상되었고, 이를 그래픽 처리 장치에서 병렬화하여 19배 가량 향상되었음을 확인하였다. Due to the explosive growth in use of LBS-based mobile services, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), the location and spatial data are growing exponentially. The index structure based on R-tree is typically used in order to retrieve a large spatial data quickly. The Sort-Tile-Recursive (STR) method that is an efficient way to create R-tree index from large amounts of spatial data is widely known. The most time consuming part of STR method is to sort spatial data. To reduce sorting time, this paper proposes a method for creating an R-tree index which uses a bucket sort method to sort spatial data. The proposed method replaces a Sort-Tile to a bucket sort to reduce indexing time. Experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the performance more than 7 times compared to STR method and it enhances the performance more than 19 times by using Graphic Processing Unit (GPU).