대호 간척지내 농지와 농업자원에 대한 환경적으로 건전하고 지속가능한 개발모델

김귀곤 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

The coastal areas provide highly valuable wetlands and habitats for fish and wildlife. However, many coastal areas with wildlife and beautiful landscapes have been destroyed by urbanization and other development projects. To effectively address this problem, the damage done to the coastal ecosystem and ways to resolve it need to be identified. Then, through a partnership, such solutions need to be put into action. The outcome of such efforts would be not only to fix the problem, but also to change peoples' behavior into making ecologically sound decisions. The objective of this study was to utilize a reservoir and agricultural land, which are the product of a sea dyke construction, to develop a healthy coastal eco-park that would benefit both wildlife and people. Attempts were made to achieve this objective by: restoring as well as conserving habitats in the study area, improving the functions of existing habitats, and creating new habitats through a cooperative partnership with the local community. Through implementing suggestions for eco-parks, environment-friendly agriculture techniques, eco-tourism, eco-villages, and environmental awareness programs, the outcome of this study is expected to improve the structure and functions of the Korean western coast ecosystem by developing a coastal wetland in a 801 hectare-reclaimed agricultural land designated as the Environmental Agriculture Pilot Area. The biggest strength of this study is that it introduced a restoration ecology concept in the use of reclaimed tideland and produced and output similar to a detailed master plan. It will have significant implications for fishermen and government officials as well as for people involved in managing coastal areas. In this context, this study may contribute toward current discussions on the ecological conservation and management of coastal areas.

경기북부지역 민통지역 및 비무장지대에서의 환경적으로 건전하고 지속가능한 개발에 관한 연구

김귀곤 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

The Civilian Controlled Area(CCA) and De-militarized Zone(DMZ) in Korea, the one and only of a kind in the world, is a place that would contribute in international peace and security as well as environmentally sound and sustainable development(ESSD). If we fail to develop specific implementation plans to raise sustainability of the area, future generations will inevitably end up with less sound resources. In order to cope with such a problem, the UNDP, Ministry of Science & Technology(MOST), Seoul National University(SNU), and Korea Land Corporation(KLC) formed a partnership and developed an ESSD model based on international recommendations and criteria and applied the developed model to the western area(Paju CCA and DMZ), which was the most developed area before the division of the Korean Peninsula and is under the greatest development pressure today. This study offers the west CCA and DMZ long-term plan and implementation strategy allowing the central government, Kyonggi province, and Paju city to manage the area based on the principles of sound local ecosystem.

내륙습지의 유형별 평가기법 및 관리방안에 관한 연구

김귀곤 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

Wetland has the richest biodiversity on the earth and its functions and value are known to be very valuable such as preventing floods. However, it is difficult for the general public to recognize a wetland and, accordingly, wetland were easily lost or destroyed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to prevent further loss of inland wetlands in Korea and to suggest a management plan desirable in an ecological perspective. To this end, a study on wetland recongition & classification, mapping, and assessment of functions and conservation value was conducted and a managemented plan was suggested based on the study result.

우리나라 아파트團地의 問題點 分析 및 造景設計基準에 關한 硏究

金貴坤,任勝彬,曺正松,安建鏞 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.2

It has been 22 years since the first apartment was built in Korea. Recently more and more apartments have been being introduced to Korean people and has been changing traditional Korean life style. Residents of apartment complexes in Korea suffer from various problems such as sisregarding of traditional Korean exterior space, pathology, improper community facilities and green spaces, destruction of natural environment, and lack of diversity and chracter in buildings and outdoor spaces. Historically the techniques of residential site design have been developed through three evolutionary steps. The first step was the Garden City idea of Ebenezer Howard in England(1898). In his conceptual plan he located Grand Avenue in the center of residential site. However, the green space was divided by road from residential site. The second step was the Sunnyside Gardens in New York(1924). The city Housing corporation of New York City built apartments with new concept which contained large common green spaces within a block surrounded by apartment buildings. This was possible because the lot subdivision no longer existed. The third step was the Radburn Plan(1929) in New Jersey. This was the second project of the City Housing Corporation. This plan invented two important concepts in residential site design. The one is super block concept which does not permit vehicle road within a large block. The other one is culs-de-sac road of which has a dead end on the one end. These two concepts contribute to making internal common green space without car traffic. With this concept the housing was ideally interwoven with green spaces. The Radburn Plan was the beginning of cluster development in residential site and innovation for moter age. At present, after 50 years from Radburn Plan, the basis concept of it is still valid and useful in residential site design. However, we need to make another evolutionary step for the better quality of living. The situations in Korea are different from those in western countries. Apartment is one of the western-origin housing types. Koreans have to modify western-oriented apartment buildings and site plans for cultural adaptation. Furthermore, we have to create new concepts for the better quality of living. Followings are the propositions for site design of apartment complex in Korea. 1. Cultural Aspect-One of the traditional characters of Korean exterior space os intermediate space between interior and exterior space. In order to provide intermediate space, sequence planning and gradual change of space atmosphere in outdoor space design is needed. 2. Social Aspect-We have to consider life cycle of residents, provide various community activities, increase natural elements, and decrease pathologh in apartment complex. 3. Functional Aspect-Pedestrian was should be separated from vehicle way in any case. Pedestrian way system can be benefited from combining with green space system. Green spaces should have systematic link instead of dispersed disposition without connection. The land use pattern should also have systematic and functional relationship. 4. Ecological Aspect-Dynamic equlibrium in eco-system should be preserved or modified with minimum change during and after development. The elements in inventory should be checked are land slide, erosion, surface and ground water, vegetation, wildlife, micro climate, etc. 5. Perceptional Aspect-Apartment complex should be considered as a group form as well as individual form of buildings. It is recommendable to divide outdoor spaces into human scale and to give diversity to each space and building instead of uniform treatment.

알콜의존 환자에서 음주욕구를 유발하는 조건화자극에 대한 연구

한귀원,김명정,김성곤,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

DSM-IV에 의하여 알콜 의존으로 진단되어 입원 중인 18세에서 65세 사이의 남자로서 과거 3주이상의 단주 경험이 있는 환자 110명을 대상으로 음주 욕구를 유발하는 조건화 자극의 종류와 빈도를 조사하였다. 먼저 예비조사를 통하여 환자들로부터 수집한 알콜연관자극들 중에서 흔한 내적 및 외적 자극 각각 25가지씩, 모두 50가지를 선정한 후, 대상 환자로 하여금 50가지의 알콜연관자극 중에서 자신에게 해당하는 자극을 모두 선택하게 하였다. 그 후 각 알콜연관자극의 빈도와 유형별 빈도를 조사하고 환자의 인구학적 특성, 음주력, 불안 및 우울 척도 등과 관련하여 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조건화 자극을 내적 및 외적 알콜연관자극으로 분류하였을 때, 내적 자극은 신체 상태, 긍정적 기분 상태 그리고 부정적 기분 상태로, 외적 자극은 즐거운 상황, 불쾌한 상황, 알콜과 연관된 상황 및 기타 상황으로 분류되었다. 2) 1인당 선택한 문항의 평균 수는 14.1±8.6개로 내적 자극이 7.5±4.8개, 외적 자극이 6.5±4.4개이었으며 각 자극을 하나라도 선택한 사람은, 내적 자극은 대상군 모두가 선택하였고 외적 자극은 대상군의 99.1%가 선택하였다. 부정적 기분 상태와 불쾌한 상황은 각각 97.3%, 88.2%로서 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고 긍정적 기분 상태와 즐거운 상황도 각각 42.7%, 71.8%로서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 신체 상태에 관한 자극은 대상군의 68.2%가, 알콜과 연관된 상황에 관한 자극은 68.2%가, 그리고 기타 상황에 관한 자극은 49.1%가 선택하였다. 3) 음주 욕구를 증가사켰던 내적 자극 중 높은 빈도로 선택된 문항들은 화가 날 때(71%), 외로울 때(47%),고민이 될 때(45%), 시장기가 돌 때(45%), 잠이 안올 때(45%) 등이었고, 외적 자극 중에서 높은 빈도로 선택된 문항들은 가족이나 친척들과 갈등이 있거나 다투는 경우(53%), 잔치, 초상, 계 등 사회적인 모임이 있을 경우(52%), 하는 일이 잘 되지 않을 때(49%), 직장에서 혹은 친구와 갈등이 있거나 다투는 경우(42%)등이었다. 4) 환자의 나이와 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 간에는 유의한 정상관관계가 있었고, 문제 음주로 인해 처음 정신과에 입원한 나이와 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 간에도 유의한 정상관관계가 있었으며, 교육 수준과 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 사이에는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 입원횟수와 부정적 기분 상태의 알콜연관자극 사이에는 유의한 정상관관계가 있었다. 그러나 첫 음주 시작 나이, 문제 음주 시작 나이, 문제 음주 지속 기간, 최대 단주 기간, 병원 치료 후 평균 단주 기간, 개인의 특성 불안과 우울 점수 등과 알콜연관 자극의 유형 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 직업 유무별, 사회경제 상태별, 음주가족력 유무별, 결혼 상태별, 종교별 및 음주 양상별로 본 알콜연관자극의 유형별 선택 문항 수에 있어서도 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. Conditioned stimuli provoking alcohlol craving in the alcoholics were surveyed in 110 hospitalized male patients with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV who had had 3 weeks or more of successful periods of alcohol abstinence after the onset of alcohol dependence. A preliminary study of preparing a list of 50 alcohol related cues(ARCs) was performed by collecting ARCs from 50 alcoholic patients, choosing the more frequent stimuli and rearranging those into 25 internal and 25 external ARCs. And then, each of the 110 subjects was asked to choose all the ARCs which provoked alcohol craving in the past to survey the frequency of the ARCs and their relevance with regards to a number of variables such as certain demographic data, alcohol history and anxiety and depression. The results were as follows ; 1) The ARCs were divided into internal and external ARCs ; the internal ARCs were categorized into positive affects, negative affects and somatic conditions and the external ARCs into pleasant situations, unpleasant situations, alcohlol-related situations and other situations. 2) Total mean number of ARCs per person was 14.1±8.6, that of internal ARCs being 7.5±4.8 and that of external ARSc being 6.5±4.4. All the subjects chose at least one of the internal ARCs and 99.1% chose one or more external ARCs. ARCs of negative affects and unpleasant situations were chosen by 97.3% and 88.2% of the subjects respectively, whereas, those of positive affects and pleasant situations were chosen by 42.7% and 71.8% respectively, showing unexpectedly high frequency. ARCs pertaining to somatic conditions were chosen by 68.2% of the subjects, those of alcohol-related situations were chosen by 68.2% and those of other situations by 49.1%. 3) Frequently chosen items of internal ARCs were when I was angry (71%),' when I was lonely'(47%), 'when I was distressed'(45%), 'when I was hungry'(45%) and 'when I had trouble sleeping' (45%). Those of external ARCs were 'when I had an argument or conflict with a relative' (53%), 'when I was at a social meeting such as party or funeral ceremony'(52%), when the things were not going to work out' (49%), 'when I met a friend whom I liked'(49%) and 'when I had an argument with a friend or people at work' (42%). 4) Positive correlations were seen between age and ARCs of somatic conditions and between age at the first psychiatric hospitalization and ARCs of somatic conditions. However, negative correlation was found between educational level and ARCs of somatic conditions. Number of psychiatric hospitalization was positively correlated with ARCs of negative affects. But there were no significant correlations in age at the first drink, age of onset of alcohol related problems, duration of alcohol related problem drinking, maximal length of abstinence, usual duration of abstinence after hospital treatment and score of trait anxiety and BDI. No significant difference was noted in the mean number of ARC subtypes between different groups divided by other demographic or clinical variables such as status of job, social class, family history of alcohol dependence, status of marriage, religion and drinking patterns.

주산기 백서에서 혈중 에스트로겐 농도와 공간 기억력과의 상관관계

박민성,박제민,신성현,한귀원,김명정,김성곤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.5

Objectives : This study was designed to find possible effect of pregnancy and parturition on spatial memory, especially in relation to levels of estrogen during the third trimester and postpartal period in rats. Methods : 25 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into pregnant group (N= 14) and control group (N= 11). Changes in spatial memory during 6 weeks including third trimester and postpartal period were measured using Morris water maze. Time to reach the platform in the maze was indicator of spatial memory. Serum estrogen level was measured on 1 week before delivery, postpartal day 1, and day 14. Results : Both groups showed gradual improvement in performance by trial days and weeks, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. However in the third trimester, pregnant group showed a trend of less achievement on 3 days of learning than control group. Serum estrogen levels did not differ significantly between groups over the 6 weeks of period. However there was positive correlation between serum estrogen level on postpartum day 1 and time to reach platform on postpartum week 2, and negative correlation between estrogen level on postpartum day 14 and latency to the platform on postpartum week 5. Conclusion : These results imply that changes in the serum estrogen level may have dual effects on the spatial learning in peripartal period. It is suggested that decline in cognitive function might occur either by failure of rapid decrease of estrogen, immediately after parturition, or retarded restoration of estrogen in later postpartal period.

A Study of English Structure Plans : 버어크셔 構造計劃의 경우 The Case of Berkshire Structure Plans

Kim, Kwi Gon 서울大學校 農科大學 1982 서울대농학연구지 Vol.7 No.1

英國의 1968年度 都市 및 地方計劃法(The Town and Country Planning Act) 은 地方計劃當局으로 하여금 開發計劃을 構造計劃과 地方計劃으로 나누어 作成하도록 規定하고 있는 데, 이와 같은 過程을 거쳐서 作成되는 計劃은 새로운 形態의 開發計劃으로서 세계 여러 나라의 이목을 끌고 있다. 1970년 以來 많은 構造計劃이 作成되었는바, 本稿는 英國버어크셔.카운티(Berkshire County)의 構造計劃을 事例로 硏究 하였다. 버어크셔開發計劃 의 樹立過程을 歷史的으로 간단히 소개한 후 잇슈 및 問題點과 計劃方法論을 고찰하였으며, 計劃科程에서의 대중참여를 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 간단하 결론을 내렸는데, 이를 간추려보면 다음과같다. (1) 전략선택(Strategic Choice) 接近方法은 構造計劃樹立過程에서 정책선택의 分析을 爲한 기초를 提供했다. (2) 計劃樹立에 거의 7년이 걸려, 計劃의 實現性이 의문시되고 있다. (3) 同 構造計劃의 上位計劃(The Strategic Plan for the South East)은 實現 可能性이 적은 것으로 보인다. (4) 보다 바람직한 대중참여기법이 要望되고 있다. 우리나라를 비롯 여러나라에서 채택하고 있는 용도지역지구제는 土地利用計劃을 計劃過程의 일부분으로 보아서 交通이나 施設計劃과 對應해서 생각하는 입장이다. 여기에 대해서 영국의 지방계획당국에 의해서 작성되는 개발계획(Development Plan)은 전략적인 計劃으로서의 정책의 방향을 표시하는 하나의 構造計劃과 토지이용의 구체적 計劃을 나타내는 여러가지 地方計劃 으로 區分된다. 따라서 구조계획은 개발과 토지의 다른 이용에 대한 정책을 제시하며 교통이나 시설계획을 포함하게 된다는 點에서특징을 찾아볼 수 있다. 本稿는 開發計劃次元에서의 英國의 計劃制度 및 實際와 우리나라 경우를 比較하는 데 기여하고, 實際的인 計劃樹立은 勿論, 學究的 認識을 촉진시키는데 있어서 若干 의 공헌이 될 것으로 期待한다.

Sustainable Cities and Korean Ecological Traditions

Kim Kwi-Gon,Kim, Kwee-soon 서울대학교 환경대학원 2000 環境論叢 Vol.38 No.-

There is a growing feeling that, while Western rational, scientific and technological approaches have contributed greatly to the urbanization of Korea, the undesirable consequences of this pattern of development necessitate a new, more ecologically sound approach reflecting the cultural values of Korean society. The principal aims of this paper are to improve the understanding of the relationships between environmental knowledge, awareness, and action connected with growth and development from a Korea perspective, and to suggest prospects for a new relationship between sustainability and the Korean ecological tradition. To explore this new relationship, this paper begins with a discussion of sustainability and a comparison of Western and Eastern approaches to nature and environment. Then it reviews research on the eco-city which contributed to the inclusion of environmental dimensions into urban land use planning and development. From these broad bases, it examines paradigms and movements that had an impact on the development of the eco-city concept, with particular emphasis on "sustainable development" - the most recent paradigm. It moves on to address the growing interest in the Korean ecological tradition that lies in the same context with sustainability, sustainable development, and the principles of sustainable development. This chapter also provides the reader with how the tradition has been applied at the house layout, eco-techniques and urban planning level. Finally, a brief conclusion is drawn in the final chapter.

Sustainable Cities and Korean Ecological Tradition

Kim Kwi-Gon,Kim Kweesoon The Academy of Korean Studies 1999 Korea Journal Vol.39 No.3

The Urbanization and Environmental Change in Korea

Kwi Gon Kim 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 1992 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.1 No.1