Consideration Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Effect

Khang,Jeong-woo,Khang,Dong-shik 제주대학교 1987 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Aharonov-Bohm 효과를 WKB방법을 사용해서 설명하고, 국소장 이론으로 자연을 서술하는 방법의 타당성에 대해 고찰하였다.

Truyện nôm – hiện tượng văn hoá và Thể loại văn học đặc biệt của thời trung đại ở Việt Nam

Đinh Thị Khang 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2010 국제문화연구 Vol.3 No.1

The unique genre, Nom Literature and its cultural phenomenon during the medieval period in Vietnam. Dinh Thi Khang Truyen Nom was sin-eight metre written in Nom. The existence and value of Truyen Nom is a unique culture phenomenon in the history of Vietnamese culture. During the medieval period (10th–19th C) in Vietnam, the less popularity of Han prose poem led to a decline in the number of Nom prose composed. Truyen Nom was created based on the need for social and cultural reflection and lasted for four centuries. During four century history, Truyen Nom reached its peak in the 18C until the first half of 19C. With a wide dissemination and strong influence, Truyen Nom became the most prominent compositional style and played the important role in the society in terms of spiritual, cultural and civil reflection. Besides written work, Truyen Nom also existed in spoken compositions about daily life which were popularized in public through folk song, lullaby, tales and folk quizzes. The collection of Truyen Nom now includes about 100 pieces of work and processes a number of great compositions such as Hoa Tien, Phan Tran, Quan Am Thi Kinh, Hoang Truu, Pham Tai Ngoc Hoa and Doan Truong Tan Thanh(also known as Truyen Kieu). Truyen Nom was actually divided into two main different types: academic compositions and conventional work. The diversity of Truyen Nom in terms of contents, characters and literary speech made up great literacy and cultural values. The main content of Truyen Nom related to human values and destiny; some were about the aspiration for the freedom of love beyond feudal morality. Others were written about people’s life and personality who fought against oppressive influence to save the family’s happiness and to maintain social justice. The traditional medieval attitude of art brought into Truyen Nom a range of Orientation’s theoretical value in character creation and problem resolution.

쯔놈과 놈 문학-중대 베트남 문화의 찬란한 성과

Dinh Thi Khang 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2009 국제문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

After obtaining the nation’s independence, Vietnam feudal dynasties continued to use Han as the official script. However, to satisfy people’s daily need, Nom was created and became an outstanding accomplishment in Vietnamese literature, which expressed the national esteem, power as well as position of Vietnamese language. Nom script was steadily improved, and Vietnamese people started to use Nom in literature work from XIII century. This was a significant improvement in national esteem and as well as a remarkable development in literature. History of Nom literature spread in seven centuries and was divided into four periods: Period 1 (the X century - the XIV century): Come along with Han, Nom script started to appear in literature since Tran’s dynasties. This is the vital achievement in the period which set up the basis for the development of composing in national language in the following centuries. Period 2 (the XV century -the XVII century): Besides accomplishments in Han compositions, Nom literature with diverse styles was well developed and attained worthy achievements, which set a firm fundamental for the development later on. The success of Tho Nom Duong luat was marked with the existence of massive collections (including hundreds of poems). This time was the outstanding period in the literature history. Period 3 (the XVIII century - the beginning of XIX century): This time was considered as the golden age in the history with a notable development in Nom literature. With traditional literary styles, compositions written in Nom created masterpieces in literary heritages. Period 4 (from the late XIX century): In transformation process of national literature from medieval to modern, Nom compositions continuously played an importance role in create the unique features in this stage. The appearance and development of Nom literature is a must in the Vietnamese literature history in the process of building up our literature, In this process, the compositions written by several famous authors, for example Nguyen Trai, Nguyen Binh Khiem, Doan Thi Diem, Nguyen Gia Thieu, Ho Xuan Huong, Nguyen Du, Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nguyen Khuyen, Tu Xuong, and etc., have created a series of valued masterpiece; among those, ‘Doan truong tan thanh’ (Truyen Kieu) written by Nguyen Du is consider the number one masterpiece. Hence, Nom literature achievement has claimed an important role of Vietnamese language in literature compositions. The appearance of Nom script and Nom literature are astounding successes of Vietnamese literature in medieval period. With Nom written language, so many traditional literary styles were created and added worthy values into Vietnamese literature. The first achievement was to vietnamize Duong luat style to make up Tho Nom Duong luat - a style of poetry of which all the features of Vietnamese poetry were taken into account. The second success was creating two kinds of whtten compositions named Truyen Nom and Khuc ngam song that luc bat on the basis of folk poetry (six-eight meter and double seven six-eight meter style) In Nom compositions, public language used to be considered informal speech was brought into written work. The process of setting up Nom literature was the development of language selection and usage as well as the improvement in expression abilities and art level of national language. Nom compositions insisted the values, fates, right of existence and aspirations of human, especially those of women. Those were the general topics in our literature which followed humanism. As a result, democracy in content which required nationalized manners of expression in terms of written language, style of poetry and speech became the norm in Vietnamese literature. Vietnam has officially been a member of IRG since 2000. Written Nom has been encoded to add into international symbol system with similar script in the area. As a result, Nom written language created by Vietnamese people has been internationally recognized as a unique contribution to the cultural treasure of humanity.

Preparation and Characterization of Small Intestine Submucosa Powder Impregnated Poly(L-lactide) Scaffolds: The Application for Tissue Engineered Bone and Cartilage

Khang, Gilson,Rhee, John M.,Shin, Philkyung,Kim, In Young,Lee, Bong,Lee, Sang Jin,Lee, Young Moo,Lee, Hai Bang,Lee, Ilwoo The Polymer Society of Korea 2002 Macromolecular Research Vol.10 No.3

In order to endow with new bioactive functionality from small intestine submucosa (SIS) powder as natural source to poly (L-lactide) (PLA) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) synthetic biodegradable polymer, porous SIS/PLA and SIS/PLGA as natural/synthetic composite scaffolds were prepared by means of the solvent casting/salt leaching methods for the possibility of the application of tissue engineered bone and cartilage. A uniform distribution of good interconnected pores from the surface to core region was observed the pore size of 40~500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ independent with SIS amount using the solvent casting/salt leaching method. Porosities, specific pore areas as well as pore size distribution also were almost same. After the fabrication of SIS/PLA hybrid scaffolds, the wetting properties was greatly enhanced resulting in more uniform cell seeding and distribution. Five groups as PGA non-woven mesh without glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment, PLA scaffold without or with GA treatment, and SIS/PLA (Code No.3 ; 1 : 12 of salt content, (0.4 : 1 of SIS content, and 144 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of median pore size) without or with GA treatment were implanted into the back of nude mouse to observe the effect of SIS on the induction of cells proliferation by hematoxylin and eosin, and von Kossa staining for 8 weeks. It was observed that the effect of SIS/PLA scaffolds with GA treatment on bone induction are stronger than PLA scaffolds, that is to say, in the order of PLA/SIS scaffolds with GA treatment > PLA/SIS scaffolds without GA treatment > PGA nonwoven > PLA scaffolds only with GA treatment = PLA scaffolds only without GA treatment for the osteoinduction activity. The possible explanations are (1) many kinds of secreted, circulating, and extracellular matrix-bound growth factors from SIS to significantly affect critical processes of tissue development and differentiation, (2) the exposure of SIS to GA resulted in significantly calcification, and (3) peri-implant fibrosis due to covalent bonding between collagen molecule by crosslinking reaction. In conclusion, it seems that SIS plays an important role for bone induction in SIS/PLA scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering area.

LINDELÖFICATION OF FRAMES

Khang, Mee Kyung The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2007 한국수학논문집 Vol.15 No.2

We introduce a concept of countably strong inclusions ${\triangleleft}$ and that of ${\triangleleft}-{\sigma}$-ideals and prove that the subframe $S({\triangleleft})$ of the frame ${\sigma}IdL$ of ${\sigma}$-ideals is a Lindel$\ddot{o}$fication of a frame L. We also deal with conditions for which the converse holds. We show that any countably approximating regular $D({\aleph}_1)$ frame has the smallest countably strong inclusion and any frame which has the smallest $D({\aleph}_1)$ Lindel$\ddot{o}$fication is countably approximating regular $D({\aleph}_1)$.

Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases and National Strategies to Control Them in Korea

Khang, Young-Ho The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2013 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.46 No.4

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the most important causes of premature mortality and disability-adjusted life years in Korea. NCDs are also the main contributor to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and life expectancy. Reduction of NCDs and NCD inequalities would result in significant improvement in healthy life expectancy and health equity in Korea. Major NCD risk factors such as dietary risks (including salt intake), alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and high blood pressure were found to be the leading modifiable risk factors of disability-adjusted life years in Korea, based on the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study. Several Korean studies have shown that these risk factors play an important role in creating socioeconomic inequalities in NCD mortality and total mortality. Current international discussions on NCD policies in the United Nations and the World Health Organization would provide better opportunities for developing aggressive population-wide policy measures in Korea. Considering the paucity of population-wide policies to control major NCD risk factors in Korea, rigorous population approaches such as taxation and regulation of unhealthy commodities as well as public education and mass campaigns should be further developed in Korea.

ALMOST LINDELÖF FRAMES

Khang, Mee Kyung The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2010 한국수학논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Generalizing $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames and almost compact frames, we introduce a concept of almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames. Using a concept of ${\delta}$-filters on frames, we characterize almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames and then have their permanence properties. We also show that almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ regular $D({\aleph}_1)$ frames are exactly $Lindel{\ddot{o}}f$ frames. Finally we construct an almost $Lindel{\ddot{o}}fication$ of a frame L via the simple extension of L associated with the set of all ${\delta}$-filters F on L with ${\bigvee}\{x^*{\mid}x{\in}F\}=e$.

A compact spiral stripline-loaded monopole antenna with a vertical ground plane

Khang Nguyen, Truong,Lee, Keekeun,Choo, Hosung,Park, Ikmo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS Vol.50 No.1

<P>In this letter, we propose a compact spiral stripline-loaded monopole antenna on a vertical ground plane. The measured results show that the antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 12.1% for a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2 at the center frequency of 1.10 GHz, as well as a good omni-directional radiation pattern. The small size of 0.04 λ<SUB>o</SUB> × 0.04 λ<SUB>o</SUB> × 0.04 λ<SUB>o</SUB> makes it promising for use as an internal antenna in mobile handsets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 250–252, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23043</P>

DIFFERENTIAL SAVING RATES , TAX BURDENS , AND WELFARE

KHANG, CHULSOON 한국국제경제학회 1996 International Economic Journal Vol.10 No.2

Expression of epithin in mouse preimplantation development: Its functional role in compaction

Khang, Inkoo,Sonn, Seongkeun,Park, June-Hee,Rhee, Kunsoo,Park, Dongeun,Kim, Kyungjin Elsevier 2005 Developmental biology Vol.281 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The preimplantation development of mammalian embryo after fertilization encompasses a series of events including cleavage, compaction, and differentiation into blastocyst. These events are likely to be associated with substantial changes in embryonic gene expression. In the present study, we explored the expression patterns and function of epithin, a mouse type II transmembrane serine protease, during preimplantation embryo development. RT-PCR analysis showed that epithin mRNAs were detectable during the cleavage stages from a 1-cell zygote to the blastocyst. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that epithin protein was expressed at blastomere contacts of the compacted 8-cell and later embryonic stages. Epithin colocalized with E-cadherin at the membrane contacts of the compacted morula-stage embryo as revealed by double-staining immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, respectively. Post-transcriptional epithin gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in the blockade of 8-cell in vitro-stage embryo compaction and subsequent embryonic deaths after several rounds of cell division. These results strongly suggest that epithin plays an important role in the compaction processes that elicit the signal for the differentiation into trophectoderm and inner cell mass.</P>