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Muhammad A. KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,Muhammad ASHFAQ,Hafiz A. A. KHAN,이종진,김연국 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.6
Silkworm rearing has been an income source for small-holding farmers in Pakistan. Over the years efforts have been made to improve silkworm quality and quantity and thus develop better prospects for increasing yield and income. Mulberry leaves Morus alba L. in a series of experiments have been supplemented with various nutrients in different doses and combinations. Relative success has been achieved in this context. In our present experiments on silkworm Bombyx mori L., we fed the larvae on mulberry leaves supplemented with different doses of N (0.2%), P (0.1%), K (0.3%) and Ca (0.1%) at 26 ± 3°C with 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The results showed better outputs in terms of food consumption (72.55 g/10 larvae), coefficient of utilization (76.45%), body weight (70.07 g/10 larvae) and body length (8.56 cm/larvae) than where simple mulberry leaves were offered. Our net gains with these production parameters have been in terms of heavier cocoons with and without pupa (2.25 and 0.69 g/cocoon), respectively.
Improving the electrical properties of graphene layers by chemical doping
Khan, Muhammad Farooq,Iqbal, Muhammad Zahir,Iqbal, Muhammad Waqas,Eom, Jonghwa TaylorFrancis 2014 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.15 No.5
<P>Although the electronic properties of graphene layers can be modulated by various doping techniques, most of doping methods cost degradation of structural uniqueness or electrical mobility. It is matter of huge concern to develop a technique to improve the electrical properties of graphene while sustaining its superior properties. Here, we report the modification of electrical properties of single- bi- and trilayer graphene by chemical reaction with potassium nitrate (KNO<SUB>3</SUB>) solution. Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements showed the n-doping effect of graphene by KNO<SUB>3</SUB>. The effect was most dominant in single layer graphene, and the mobility of single layer graphene was improved by the factor of more than 3. The chemical doping by using KNO<SUB>3</SUB> provides a facile approach to improve the electrical properties of graphene layers sustaining their unique characteristics.</P>
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
Muhammad Imran KHAN,Muhammad Zubair KHAN,Jin Hyuk SHIN,Ji Hyeon LEE,Seong Whan CHO,Tia Sun SHIN,Min Yong KIM,Jong Deog KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Alzheimer disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disorder and principal type of dementia. Formation of extracellular senile plaques and cytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain due to the abnormal production and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aß) and tau proteins are the major molecular cause of AD. Paired helical filaments (PHF) are formed due to hyperphosphorylation of tau leads to formation of NFT which accumulate, and aggregates causing pathological conditions and eventually cause neuronal death. Tau phosphorylation is controlled by several genes and proteins. Several kinesis such as GSK3 beta, CDK5 and CAMII, etc are involved in phosphorylation of tau and phosphatases such as PH1A, PH1B etc are involved in dephosphorylation of tau, the imbalance of which leads to hyperphosphorylation and finally NFT. In this study we elucidate the effects of theasponin E1 on the activities andgene’s expression level of kinases and phosphatases involved in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau. The ther-apeutic neuroprotective effects of green tea seed isolated theasaponin E1 was examine using SHY-5Y cell lines and HTB2 glial neuron cells. Effect of thaesaponin E1 on the expression level of tau generating and phosphorylation promoting genes were investigated by RT- PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. Cells were cultured in EMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS in 6-well plate and in-cubated at 37℃ in a CO2 incubator. Cells were treated with different concentrations of E1andwere processed for checking the enzymatic activities, RNA, and proteins extraction. Our results demonstrated that theasaponin E1 significantly reduced Aβ concentration and tau hyperphosphorylation in dose-dependent manner by suppressing expression level of GSK3 β, CDK5, CAMII, MAPK, EPOE4(E4), PICALM. E1 also enhance expression level of PH-1A and TREM2 etc. ELISA and western blotting results shown reduction in APP and Aß and p-tau. Thea saponin also reduce the inflammation by suppressing the Nf-kB pathways and reducing the inflammatory cytokines i.e., IL-1beta, IL-10, TNF-alpha etc. dose dependently. The overall results revealed that E1 significantly reduce Aβ and p-tau level hence possesses neuroprotective effects.
Presentation Delay in Breast Cancer Patients, Identifying the Barriers in North Pakistan
Khan, Muhammad Aleem,Shafique, Sehrish,Khan, Muhammad Taha,Shahzad, Muhammad Faheem,Iqbal, Sundas Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1
Background: There is strong evidence that delayed diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with poor survival. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of breast cancer patients with delayed presentation, the reasons of delay and its association with different socio-demographic variables in our North Pakistan setting. Materials and Methods: We interviewed 315 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients. Delay was defined as more than 3 months from appearance of symptoms to consultation with a doctor. Questions were asked from each patient which could reflect their understanding about the disease and which could be the likely reasons for their delayed presentation. Results: 39.0 % (n=123) of patients presented late and out of those, 40.7% wasted time using alternative medicines; 25.2 % did not having enough resources; 17.1 % presented late due to painless lump; 10.6% felt shyness and 6.5% presented late due to other reasons. Higher age, negative family history, < 8 school years of education and low to middle socio-economic status were significantly associated with delayed presentation (p< 0.05). Education and socioeconomic status were two independent variables related to the delayed presentation after adjustment for others (OR of 2.26, 2.29 and 95%CI was 1.25-4.10, 1.06-4.94 respectively). Conclusions: Significant numbers of women with breast cancer in North Pakistan experience presentation delay due to their misconceptions about the disease. Coordinated efforts with public health departments are needed to educate the focused groups and removing the barriers identified in the study. Long term impact will be reduced overall burden of the disease in the region.
Muhammad Rizwan Maqsood,Muhammad Hanif,Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Sumera Zaib,Aftab Ahmed Khan,Mazhar Iqbal,Jamshed Iqbal,Nasim Hasan Rama,서승염,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.
Muhammad Bilal,Shoaib FREED,Saleh MUHAMMAD,Muhammad Zubair ASHRAF,Muhammad Bismillah KHAN 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4
Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous insect of crops and vegetables, is acquiring resistance against many commercial insecticides. The present study shows variations in the activity of two detoxification enzymes, namely esterase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), in H. armigera after exposure to different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. After treatment of larvae with the different isolates (Day 0), samples were collected on three days (Days 3, 5 and 7) for enzyme analysis. High GST activity was found in samples of hemolymph, intestine and fat bodies of H. armigera following treatment with Beauveria bassiana (isolate Bb‐08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma‐11.1 and Ma‐4.1), and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If‐02 and If‐2.3). High esterase activity was recorded in samples of the intestine and fat bodies on various days after treatment, whereas increased esterase activity in hemolymph was noted only in samples from Day 5 after treatment with M. anisopliae (Ma‐4.1). The detection of high GST and esterase activity demonstrates the possibility of the development of resistance against these microbial control agents in H. armigera.
Fungal endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 improves growth of ABA-deficient tomato under salinity
Khan, Abdul Latif,Waqas, Muhammad,Khan, Abdur Rahim,Hussain, Javid,Kang, Sang-Mo,Gilani, Syed Abdullah,Hamayun, Muhammad,Shin, Jae-Ho,Kamran, Muhammad,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Yun, Byung-Wook,Adnan, Muhammad Springer-Verlag 2013 World journal of microbiology & biotechnology Vol.29 No.11