Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

Kashani, Arash,Holman, Benjamin William Behrens,Nichols, Peter David,Malau-Aduli, Aduli Enoch Othniel Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.3

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (${\geq}C_{20}$) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

ON SOME L₁-FINITE TYPE (HYPER)SURFACES IN ℝⁿ⁺¹

Kashani, Seyed Mohammad Bagher 대한수학회 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.1

We say that an isometric immersed hypersurface x : $M^n\;{\rightarrow}\;{\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ is of $L_k$-finite type ($L_k$-f.t.) if $x\;=\;{\sum}^p_{i=0}x_i$ for some positive integer p < $\infty$, $x_i$ : $M{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ is smooth and $L_kx_i={\lambda}_ix_i$, ${\lambda}_i\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{R}}$, $0{\leq}i{\leq}p$, $L_kf=trP_k\;{\circ}\;{\nabla}^2f$ for $f\;{\in}\'C^{\infty}(M)$, where $P_k$ is the kth Newton transformation, ${\nabla}^2f$ is the Hessian of f, $L_kx\;=\;(L_kx^1,\;{\ldots},\;L_kx^{n+1})$, $x=(x^1,\;{\ldots},\;x^{n+1})$. In this article we study the following(hyper)surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ from the view point of $L_1$-finiteness type: totally umbilic ones, generalized cylinders $S^m(r){\times}{\mathbb{R}}^{n-m}$, ruled surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}$ and some revolution surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$.

Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

Arash Kashani,Benjamin William Behrens Holman,Peter David Nichols,Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli 한국축산학회 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.3

Background: The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acidcontent and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (≥C20) omega-3 PUFA, hasincreased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, andthis study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patternsof genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle ofAustralian crossbred sheep. Methods: Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions weremaintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms ofnutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins andminerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that inferhealth benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNAextraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNAexpression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-celltranslocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results: Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all theselected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did notinfluence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease inintramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production ofmelatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negativelyaffected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASNgenes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggestingthat low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

Magnetic-Field-Assisted Emulsion Electrospinning System: Designing, Assembly, and Testing for the Production of PCL/Gelatin Core–Shell Nanofibers

Fatemeh Kashani‑Asadi‑Jafari,Ahmadreza Parhizgar,Afra Hadjizadeh 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.2

There are different methods for producing core–shell nanofibers, one of which is the emulsion electrospinning method. Thestability of the emulsion during electrospinning is one of the most critical factors in the quality of the fibers. In this study, amagnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system was designed, built, and tested to keep the emulsion stable withoutadditives or sonication. Polycaprolactone (PCL) 10 wt. % in dichloromethane (DCM) for the shell and gelatin 2.5 wt. % inwater for the core was used. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of samples with different weight ratios of componentsboth with and without using the magnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system at different rotational speedswas investigated. Transition electron microscope (TEM) images of the sample with a ratio of 1/10 (gel/PCL) at differentrotational speeds were studied. The fibers were finally analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and tensile strengthmachine. According to the results, there was no change in the bonds in the materials after electrospinning. The designedsystem improved the fiber texture and reduced its structural problems significantly. By increasing the rotation speed of themagnet from 700 to 900 rpm, an improvement in fiber morphology and uniformity in diameter was observed. The compositionof gelatin/PCL with a ratio of 1/10 was selected as the optimal condition. The spun nanofibers in these conditionshad a uniform structure without the bead, and the presence of both polymers uniformly in the fibers was shown. Finally,the magnetic-field-assisted emulsion electrospinning system successfully held the emulsion stable during electrospinningwithout additives.

Effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina on the expressions of AANAT, ADRB3, BTG2 and FASN genes in the subcutaneous adipose and Longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of purebred and crossbred Australian sheep

( Arash Kashani ),( Benjamin William Behrens Holman ),( Peter David Nichols ),( Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau Aduli ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.8

Background The demand for healthy, lean and consistent meat products containing low saturated fatty acid content and high quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long-chain (≥C20) omega-3 PUFA, has increased in recent times. Fat deposition is altered by both the genetic background and dietary supplements, and this study aimed to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina supplementation levels on the mRNA expression patterns of genes controlling lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and Longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of Australian crossbred sheep. Methods Twenty-four weaned lambs belonging to four breeds under the same management conditions were maintained on ryegrass pasture and fed three levels of Spirulina supplement (control, low and high). In terms of nutrient composition, Spirulina is a nutrient-rich supplement that contains all essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. It also is a rich source of carotenoids and fatty acids, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) that infer health benefits. After slaughter, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ld samples were subjected to mRNA extraction and reverse transcription using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the mRNA expression levels of the Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), Adrenergic beta-3 receptor (ADRB3), B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Fatty acid synthase (FASN) genes, which are associated with lipid metabolism. Results Both low and high Spirulina supplementation levels strongly up-regulated the transcription of all the selected genes in both SAT and ld tissues (mostly in the subcutaneous adipose), but sheep breed and sex did not influence the gene expression patterns in these tissues. Conclusions The evidence indicates that high Spirulina supplementation level resulted in a decrease in intramuscular fat content in Australian purebred and crossbred sheep due to the enhanced production of melatonin in sheep muscle tissues and strong up-regulation of mRNA expression of BTG2 in SAT which negatively affected fat deposition. In contrast, low Spirulina supplementation level strongly up-regulated the ADRB3 and FASN genes responsible for fat production. These findings are consistent with the observed phenotypic data suggesting that low Spirulina supplementation level can increase lamb production, with higher long-chain PUFA content.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Who Should Be Fused? An Updated Review

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Ebrahim Ghayem Hasankhani,Amir Ashjazadeh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.4

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is mostly caused by osteoarthritis (spondylosis). Clinically, the symptoms of patients with LSS can be categorized into two groups; regional (low back pain, stiffness, and so on) or radicular (spinal stenosis mainly presenting as neurogenic claudication). Both of these symptoms usually improve with appropriate conservative treatment, but in refractory cases, surgical intervention is occasionally indicated. In the patients who primarily complain of radiculopathy with an underlying biomechanically stable spine, a decompression surgery alone using a less invasive technique may be sufficient. Preoperatively, with the presence of indicators such as failed back surgery syndrome (revision surgery), degenerative instability, considerable essential deformity, symptomatic spondylolysis, refractory degenerative disc disease, and adjacent segment disease, lumbar fusion is probably recommended. Intraoperatively, in cases with extensive decompression associated with a wide disc space or insufficient bone stock, fusion is preferred. Instrumentation improves the fusion rate, but it is not necessarily associated with improved recovery rate and better functional outcome.

Failure Rate of Spine Surgeons in Preoperative Clinical Screening of Severe Psychological Disorders

Farzad Omidi-Kashani,Farhad Faridhoseini,Shahrara Ariamanesh,Mahya Hashemi Kazar,Aslan Baradaran 대한정형외과학회 2016 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.8 No.2

Background: The surgeon’s attention to the patient’s underlying psychological state is essential to attaining desired outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in patients undergoing elective spine surgery. Methods: In this case-control study, associated psychological disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire at a single academic spine surgery center from August 2013 to June 2015. The case group consisted of 68 adult patients (mean age, 38.2 ± 9.6 years; male:female = 41:27) undergoing elective spine surgery and the control group included 69 healthy visitors of the orthopedic patients (mean age, 37.1 ± 6.9 years; male:female = 40:29) who voluntarily participated in the study. The 2 groups were compared for statistical analysis and a p-value < 5% was considered significance. Results: There was no statistically significant intergroup difference with regard to gender and age. The incidences of abnormal anxiety and depression were the same in the case group (14 patients, 20.6%). The values were 3 (4.3%) and 5 (7.2%), respectively, in the control group, showing statistically significant difference. Any association between the severity of depression and age or sex could not be identified. Conclusions: In spite of spine surgeons’ attempts to screen severe psychological disorders preoperatively, up to 21% of which cannot be diagnosed prior to elective spine surgery. Therefore, we believe the use of a questionnaire would be helpful in assessing patients’ underlying psychological state before elective spine surgery.

Sciatica in a Five-Year-Old Boy

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Ebrahim Ghayem Hasankhani,Ehsan Rafeemanesh 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.3

The prevalence of back pain during childhood is 50%; in 22% of these cases, a specific diagnosis can be found. Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign tumor that occursonly in 20% of cases and involves the spine. The aim of this report is to explain an atypical case of lumbar osteoid osteoma with significant neurologic deficit at a very young age. A five-year-old boy was presented with refractory pain in the low back and left extremity for approximately one year. Positive clinical findings were antalgic gait, stiff lumbar spine, weak left big toe extension force and a positive straight leg rising test on the left side. Paraclinical studies revealed osteoid osteoma in the left-sided pedicle of the fifth lumbar vertebra. With surgical excision, he recovered immediately. Lumbar osteoid osteoma should be suspected as the cause of low back pain or sciatalgia in any young patient.

Ten Important Tips in Treating a Patient with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Farzad Omidi Kashani,Hamid Hejrati,Shahrara Ariamanesh 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Lumbar disc herniation is a common spinal disorder that usually responds favorably to conservative treatment. In a small percentage of the patients, surgical decompression is necessary. Even though lumbar discectomy constitutes the most common and easiest spine surgery globally, adverse or even catastrophic events can occur. Appropriate patient selection and effective neural decompression constitute the most important points for better surgical outcomes and avoidance of unpleasant complications. Other important tips include timely performance of magnetic resonance imaging, correct interpretation of scan data, preoperative detection of underlying instability, exclusion of non-discogenic sciatica, determination of the main cause of clinical pathology, avoidance of the wrong side or level, and being sure that the more detailed procedure does not necessarily mean the more effective procedure.

Comparison of Functional Outcomes following Surgical Decompression and Posterolateral Instrumented Fusion in Single Level Low Grade Lumbar Degenerative versus Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Farzad Omidi-Kashani,Ebrahim Ghayem Hasankhani,Mohammad Dawood Rahimi,Reza Khanzadeh 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.2

Background: The two most common types of surgically treated lumbar spondylolisthesis in adults include the degenerative and isthmic types. The aim of this study was to compare the functional outcomes of surgical decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion in patients with lumbar degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical outcomes in surgically treated patients with single level, low grade lumbar degenerative, and isthmic spondylolisthesis (groups A and B, respectively) from August 2007 to April 2011. We tried to compare paired settings with similar initial conditions. Group A included 52 patients with a mean age of 49.2 ± 6.1 years, and group B included 52 patients with a mean age of 47.3 ± 7.4 years. Minimum follow-up was 24 months. The surgical procedure comprised neural decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion. Pain and disability were assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare indices. Results: The most common sites for degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis were at the L4–L5 (88.5%) and L5–S1 (84.6%) levels, respectively. Surgery in both groups significantly improved VAS and ODI scores. The efficacy of surgery based on subjective satisfaction rate and pain and disability improvement was similar in the degenerative and isthmic groups. Notable complications were also comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Neural decompression and posterolateral instrumented fusion significantly improved pain and disability in patients with degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis. The efficacy of surgery for overall subjective satisfaction rate and pain and disability improvement was similar in both groups.