Chemotherapeutic Drugs Alter Functional Properties and Proteome of Mouse Testicular Germ Cells In Vitro

Karmakar, P. C.,Cho, Y. J.,Kim, Y. H.,Jung, S. E.,Jin, J. H.,Kim, B. J.,Kwon, W. S.,Kim, Y. H.,Pang, M. G.,Ryu, B. Y. ACADEMIC PRESS 2018 TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.164 No.2

<P>Many of the testicular cancer-survived patients, treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, show infertility, pre and postimplantation loss, and germ cell abnormality. Studies examining the negative effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on testicular germ cells are ongoing; however, information on the stemness properties and proteomic profiles of these cells are lacking. This study investigated the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs etoposide, cisplatin, bleomycin, and their combination (BEP) on the physiology and stem cell activity of mouse germ cells in vitro. Our results showed that treatment with the abovementioned drugs affected germ cell viability and decreased the number of proliferating germ cells significantly at specific concentrations (0.05 mu M etoposide, 1 mu M cisplatin, 10 mu M bleomycin, and 0.1 mu M BEP), which maintained a survival rate of >90%. We also observed a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells and alterations in the expression of undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia-related genes and marker proteins in germ cells exposed to abovementioned concentrations of the drugs. Next, we performed germ cell transplantation into recipient mice and observed a remarkable reduction in stemness properties of spermatogonial stem cells at these concentrations. Based on these results, we assessed the levels of differentially expressed proteins by performing proteomic analysis. We found that treatment with the abovementioned drugs induced cell damage, oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, and immune deficiency which may promote tumor regeneration, cytotoxicity, infertility, and transgenerational cellular function transmission. Thus, this study provides information about the chemotherapy-induced recurrent destruction and thereby can lead possible changes in medication.</P>

Scavenging activity of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Karmakar, Indrajit,Dolai, Narayan,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bala, Asis,Haldar, Pallab Kanti 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ (MECC) rhizome for some $in$ $vitro$ antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different $in$ $vitro$ methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ values for scavenging of free radicals were $94.03{\pm}0.67{\mu}g/ml$, $155.59{\pm}3.03{\mu}g/ml$, $68.10{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/ml$, $21.07{\pm}1.78{\mu}g/ml$, $260.56{\pm}12.65{\mu}g/ml$ and $33.33{\pm}0.52{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 ${\mu}g$ of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Methodologies for Cryopreservation of Mammalian Germline Cells and Tissues

Karmakar, Polash Chandra,Jung, Sang-Eun,Ryu, Buom-Yong The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2017 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.41 No.2

Until today, success in germline cells and tissue cryopreservation is limited mainly due to the poor understanding of the complex physiological processes can lead to cell damage during cryopreservation. Germline cells, from both male and female, have unique ability to differentiate into one or more cell lines and thus it becomes a crucial point to store them in subzero temperature with the minimal damage of their functional properties and maximum recovery of unchanged and viable cells when thawed. In the past three decades, a vast research has been performed using various different animal models which in fact have led to development of new methodologies and optimization of older one. However, successful use of animal model has provided the opportunity in research with human germline cells and tissues preservation, but not in all the cases. Therefore, the use of new cryo-protective chemicals and modified protocols have been often found in different groups of researchers based on the types, physical structures, utility and animal species of the specimens to be cryopreserved. This review discusses about the basics of different types of cryopreservation methodologies and commonly used optimized protocols and cryoprotectants for germline cells and tissues preservation.

Neuropharmacological assessment of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome in experimental animal models

Karmakar, Indrajit,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bhattacharya, Sanjib,Haldar, Pallab K. 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome (MECC) for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome, demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome in India.

A Review on the Nickel Based Metal Matrix Composite Coating

Ranit Karmakar,Pabitra Maji,Subrata Kumar Ghosh 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Degradation of a material due to the chemical/electrochemical and/or frictional interaction with the surroundings initiatesat the surface because of the external stresses and frequent environmental attacks. The surface properties like hardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved by means of composite coating. Recently Nickel based compositecoating has found a new horizon because of excellent wear and corrosion resistance and high hardness. In this article, theNi based metal matrix composite coating by various techniques are reviewed. Composition, process parameters, subsequentmechanical properties as well as microstructures and their efects are briefy tailored. Finally, new directions for future workon this technology are suggested.

Neuropharmacological assessment of Curcuma caesia rhizome in experimental animal models

Indrajit Karmakar,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Sanjib Bhattacharya,Pallab K. Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), called black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome (MECC)for some neuropharmacological activities in experimental animal models. MECC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight)was evaluated for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick tests. Locomotor activity was measured by means of an actophotometer. Anticonvulsant property was assessed against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion in mice and muscle relaxant effect was evaluated by using rota-rod apparatus. The results of the present study revealed remarkable analgesic, locomotor depressant, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant effects of C. caesia rhizome,demonstrating depressant action on the central nervous system. The outcome of present study can validate certain traditional uses of C. caesia rhizome in India.

(Re)visiting the past : Wounded history and traumatized memory in Qurratulain Hyder’s sita betrayed and fireflies in the mist

Goutam Karmakar,Basundhara Chakraborty 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.27 No.2

Qurratulain Hyder is a major stalwart of the new generation of Urdu fiction writers. In her book Naya Afsana, she discusses psychologized realism wherein the past gives way to the present. She also depicts how a human being becomes a representation of the collective past via writings of his/her community’s collective past. Blurring every possible binary of past/present, home/world, private/public, Hyder’s neo-historical writings not only expose the limitation of her fictional world but also give it a new dimension, unlike contemporary writers who choose to focus on the external realities of the existential crisis of humanity during the early part of the twentieth century. She shows her skill by uncovering the internal realities of human experience. While giving her narratives a historical grounding, she has also made a sensorial reading of the holocaust in her narratives by focusing on the psychological interiors of affected human beings. This paper seeks to study two such fictional expositions of Hyder’s oeuvre—Sita Betrayed and Fireflies in the Mist—in order to understand how these two works help to explore the issues of trauma and memory in the context of the wounded history of partition. कुर्रतुलैन हैदर उर्दूकथा लेखकोंकी नई पीढ़ी का एक प्रमुख दिग्गज है। अपनी पुस्तक नया अफसाना में, वह मनोवैज्ञानिक यथार्थवाद की चर्चा करती है जिसमेंअतीत वर्तमान को रास्ता देता है। वह यह भी दर्शाती हैकि कैसेएक इंसान अपनेसमुदाय के सामूहिक अतीत केलेखन केमाध्यम सेसामूहिक अतीत का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। वह मानवीय अनुभव की आंतरिक वास्तविकताओंको उजागर करकेअपना कौशल दिखाती है। अपनेआख्यानोंको एक ऐतिहासिक आधार प्रदान करतेहुए, उन्होंने प्रभावित मनुष्योंकेमनोवैज्ञानिक अंदरूनी हिस्सोंपर ध्यान केंद्रित करकेइन दो आख्यानोंमेंप्रलय का एक संवेदी वाचन भी किया है। यह पेपर हैदर केकाम केदो ऐसे काल्पनिक प्रदर्शनोंका अध्ययन करनेका प्रयासकरता है- सीता विश्वासघात और धुंध में फायरफ्लाइज़- यह समझनेकेलिए कि ये दोनों कार्य विभाजन केघायल इतिहासक ेसंदर्भ में आघात और स्मृति केमुद्दोंका पता लगानेमेंकैसेमदद करतेहैं।

Dielectric permittivity and electric modulus of polyethylene oxide (PEO)–LiClO4 composite electrolytes

A. Karmakar,A. Ghosh 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.2

Dielectric permittivity and conductivity relaxation in polyethylene oxide (PEO)eLiClO4 salt polymer electrolytes have been investigated for different lithium ion concentrations. We have observed that imaginary modulus spectra exhibit asymmetric maxima with peak-width much broader than that of the Debye peak and are skewed toward the high frequency sides of the maxima. The charge carriers for the electrolyte having higher lithium salt concentration relax much faster than that for other electrolytes and produces higher conductivity. The modulus data have been fitted using non-exponential Kohlrausch eWilliamseWatts (KWW) function 4(t). We have observed that the value of the non-exponential parameter (b) is fairly low and nearly constant for different salt concentrations. The low value of b suggests a wide distribution of non-exponential relaxation times. Using the scaling of modulus data we have observed that the relaxation dynamics of charge carriers in these PEOeLi salt based electrolytes is independent of temperature and salt concentration.

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Indrajit Karmakar,Narayan Dolai,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Asis Bala,Pallab Kanti Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia (MECC) rhizome for some in vitro antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different in vitro methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide,peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation,total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The IC_(50) values for scavenging of free radicals were 94.03±0.67 μg/ml, 155.59±3.03 μg/ml,68.10±1.24 μg/ml, 21.07±1.78 μg/ml, 260.56±12.65 μg/ml and 33.33±0.52 μg/ml for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide,hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 μg of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Promising Rice Genotypes in Drought Prone Northwest Bangladesh

B Karmakar,S M Haefele,M A R Sarkar,A Islam,M A Saleque 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6