CNS depressant activity of Castanopsis indica leaves

Dolai, Narayan,Karmakar, I.,Kumar, R.B.S.,Haldar, Pallab Kanti 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC. (Fagaceae) is commonly known as 'Dhalne katus' and 'Indian chestnut tree', found throughout the Himalayan region. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of C. indica leaves (MECI) on Central Nervous System using a number of neuropharmacological experimental models in Swiss albino mice. The treatment with MECI at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p. caused: signs of central nervous system depressant action confirmed by significant inhibitory effect on acetic acid induced writhing as compared with acetic acid control group indicate an analgesic effect. Anticonvulsant activity was seen as there was delays in the onset of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induce convulsion as well as decrease in its mortality rate. The MECI produced a dose-dependent reduction of the onset and potentiated duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and muscle relaxant activities determining by using actophotometer and rotarod tests. MECI in a dose-dependent manner significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). These results suggest that the MECI has an analgesic effect, behave as a potential anticonvulsant and central nervous system depressant action.

Scavenging activity of $Curcuma$ $caesia$ rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Karmakar, Indrajit,Dolai, Narayan,Saha, Pathik,Sarkar, Nilanjan,Bala, Asis,Haldar, Pallab Kanti 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Curcuma$ $caesia$ Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ (MECC) rhizome for some $in$ $vitro$ antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different $in$ $vitro$ methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ values for scavenging of free radicals were $94.03{\pm}0.67{\mu}g/ml$, $155.59{\pm}3.03{\mu}g/ml$, $68.10{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/ml$, $21.07{\pm}1.78{\mu}g/ml$, $260.56{\pm}12.65{\mu}g/ml$ and $33.33{\pm}0.52{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 ${\mu}g$ of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of $C.$ $caesia$ rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Indrajit Karmakar,Narayan Dolai,Pathik Saha,Nilanjan Sarkar,Asis Bala,Pallab Kanti Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), known as black turmeric in English, is a perennial herb found throughout the Himalayan region, North-East and Central India. The plant has been traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. Present study was carried out to evaluate the methanol extract of C. caesia (MECC) rhizome for some in vitro antioxidant studies as because we know that many diseases are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Effect of MECC on ROS and RNS were evaluated in different in vitro methods like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide,peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid. Lipid peroxidation,total phenolic content was also measured by standard assay method. The extract showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. The IC_(50) values for scavenging of free radicals were 94.03±0.67 μg/ml, 155.59±3.03 μg/ml,68.10±1.24 μg/ml, 21.07±1.78 μg/ml, 260.56±12.65 μg/ml and 33.33±0.52 μg/ml for DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide,hydroxyl, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid respectively. Reductive ability of the extract was also tested where dose dependent reducing capability was observed. The rhizome extract contains 677.7 μg of phenolic compound in 10 mg of the extract which is accounted for its free radical as well as antioxidant activity. From the above study it is concluded that the methanol extract of C. caesia rhizome is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Pre clinical studies of Streblus asper Lour in terms of behavioural safety and toxicity

R. B. Suresh Kumar,A. Puratchikodi,Angelene Prasanna,Narayan Dolai,Piyali Majumder,U. K. Mazumder,P. K. Haldar 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Streblus asper Lour (Family: Moraceae) is a medicinal plant wildly grows in most part of Asian countries. It has many traditional uses like leprosy, piles,diarrhoea, dysentery, elephantiasis, cancer etc. This present study was relates in terms of behavioural safety and toxicity studies of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of S. asper. Brine Shrimps lethality bioassay method was established for the present study and cytotoxicity was reported in terms of 50% lethality concentration (LC_(50)). Different concentrations of drug solutions were added to the Brine Shrimps, surviving shrimps were counted after 24 h and 50% lethality concentration (LC_(50)) were assessed. Acute toxicity was studied on Swiss albino mice after single dose. Sub-Chronic toxicity was performed for 28 days and assessed with biochemical and histopathological parameters. On cytotoxicity studies of brine shrimps it was found methanol extract of S. asper (MESA) was weakly toxic, may be due to the presence of cardiac glycosides and bioactive compounds, however petroleum ether extract of S. asper (PESA) was non toxic. But, in case of acute and sub-acute toxicity study both extracts were found to be non-toxic.

Pre clinical studies of $Streblus$ $asper$ Lour in terms of behavioural safety and toxicity

Kumar, R.B. Suresh,Puratchikodi, A.,Prasanna, Angelene,Dolai, Narayan,Majumder, Piyali,Mazumder, U.K.,Haldar, P.K. 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

$Streblus$ $asper$ Lour (Family: Moraceae) is a medicinal plant wildly grows in most part of Asian countries. It has many traditional uses like leprosy, piles, diarrhoea, dysentery, elephantiasis, cancer etc. This present study was relates in terms of behavioural safety and toxicity studies of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of $S.$ $asper$. Brine Shrimps lethality bioassay method was established for the present study and cytotoxicity was reported in terms of 50% lethality concentration ($LC_{50}$). Different concentrations of drug solutions were added to the Brine Shrimps, surviving shrimps were counted after 24 h and 50% lethality concentration ($LC_{50}$) were assessed. Acute toxicity was studied on Swiss albino mice after single dose. Sub-Chronic toxicity was performed for 28 days and assessed with biochemical and histopathological parameters. On cytotoxicity studies of brine shrimps it was found methanol extract of $S.$ $asper$ (MESA) was weakly toxic, may be due to the presence of cardiac glycosides and bioactive compounds, however petroleum ether extract of $S.$ $asper$ (PESA) was non toxic. But, in case of acute and sub-acute toxicity study both extracts were found to be non-toxic.